Industrial/Organizational Psychology Past Paper Questions PDF

1. Industrial/Organizational Psychology is primarily concerned with which of the following? A) Studying consumer behavior in the marketplace B) Understanding the effects of work on employees and improving organizational effectiveness C) Developing marketing strategies for businesses D) Creating publ...

1. Industrial/Organizational Psychology is primarily concerned with which of the following? A) Studying consumer behavior in the marketplace B) Understanding the effects of work on employees and improving organizational effectiveness C) Developing marketing strategies for businesses D) Creating public policies for worker safety ANSWER: B 10. The concept of individual differences in I/O Psychology suggests that: A) All employees respond the same way to organizational policies B) Employees have unique traits that affect their work performance C) Employees have identical motivations in the workplace D) All employees have similar career goals ANSWER: B 11. In the context of organizations, "holistic systems" refer to: A) Focusing on individual departments separately B) Treating the organization as a unified, interconnected system C) Analyzing employee relationships without considering external factors D) Examining specific tasks independently of organizational goals ANSWER: B 12. Which principle of the nature of people emphasizes that employees have varying levels of perception, motivation, and behavior? A) Individual Differences B) Systemic Analysis C) Environmental Adjustment D) Consistency Theory ANSWER: A 13. Scientific Management, developed by Frederick Taylor, emphasizes: A) Improving workplace morale through social activities B) Increasing efficiency by studying tasks and optimizing performance C) Developing employee autonomy and decision-making D) Enhancing communication between employees ANSWER: B 14. Which of the following is NOT a principle of Scientific Management? A) Standardizing work processes B) Selecting and training workers scientifically C) Encouraging worker autonomy D) Establishing fair performance standards ANSWER: C 15. Frederick Taylor's Scientific Management focused on: A) Worker satisfaction over productivity B) Job simplification and task specialization C) Flexible job roles and employee rotation D) Reducing reliance on technological innovations ANSWER: B 16. According to Fayol, which principle emphasizes that each worker should report to only one manager? A) Unity of Command B) Division of Work C) Scalar Chain D) Centralization ANSWER: A 17. Henri Fayol’s principle of “Esprit de Corps” promotes: A) Centralized decision-making B) A strict hierarchical structure C) Team spirit and unity among workers D) Division of labor ANSWER: C 18. Which of the following is NOT one of Henri Fayol’s 14 principles of management? A) Subordination of individual interest B) Remuneration C) Outsourcing D) Equity ANSWER: C 19. The Time and Motion Study conducted by Frank and Lillian Gilbreth focused on: A) Increasing wages to motivate employees B) Reducing waste by analyzing the time required for each task C) Studying employee emotions in decision-making D) Encouraging teamwork among employees ANSWER: B 2. What is a primary focus of I/O Psychology? A) Increasing personal growth opportunities outside of work B) Enhancing employee satisfaction, well-being, and productivity within organizations C) Developing new technologies for communication D) Studying familial relationships in the workplace ANSWER: B 20. The primary goal of Time and Motion Studies is to: A) Evaluate employee mental health B) Optimize efficiency by reducing unnecessary motions C) Develop comprehensive training programs D) Implement flexible work schedules ANSWER: B 21. Who were the pioneers of Time and Motion Studies? A) Frederick Taylor and Henri Fayol B) Frank and Lillian Gilbreth C) Elton Mayo and George Homans D) Mary Parker Follett and Chester Barnard ANSWER: B 22. The Hawthorne Studies by Elton Mayo highlighted the importance of: A) Financial incentives on employee productivity B) Social factors and group dynamics in the workplace C) Technology in improving work efficiency D) Structured communication channels ANSWER: B 23. A significant finding of the Hawthorne Studies was that: A) Workers are motivated purely by financial rewards B) Changes in lighting did not affect productivity C) Employees perform better when they feel valued and observed D) Physical conditions solely determine productivity ANSWER: C 24. The Hawthorne Studies introduced which effect in organizational psychology? A) Halo Effect B) Hawthorne Effect C) Observer Effect D) Spotlight Effect ANSWER: B 25. An Organizational Psychologist primarily focuses on: A) Designing marketing strategies B) Enhancing workplace productivity and employee well-being C) Establishing financial policies D) Developing industrial safety regulations ANSWER: B 26. In an organization, psychologists often play a role in: A) Designing and analyzing employee training programs B) Setting up supply chain operations C) Managing financial assets D) Implementing legal procedures ANSWER: A 27. Which of the following best describes the role of an Organizational Psychologist? A) Resolving external conflicts unrelated to work B) Conducting research on employee behavior and suggesting improvements C) Supervising technological maintenance in an organization D) Leading marketing campaigns for a product ANSWER: B 3. Which of the following best describes the application of I/O Psychology? A) Counseling employees for personal issues B) Analyzing workplace behavior and improving organizational policies C) Investigating social issues unrelated to work D) Focusing solely on recruitment processes ANSWER: B 4. Which of these is NOT a goal of I/O Psychology? A) Enhancing employee performance B) Improving employee well-being C) Increasing understanding of environmental issues D) Boosting organizational productivity ANSWER: C 5. A primary goal of I/O Psychology is to: A) Develop legal frameworks for employment law B) Ensure job roles are aligned with organizational objectives C) Promote personal achievements unrelated to work D) Study non-organizational social interactions ANSWER: B 6. The ultimate aim of I/O Psychology interventions is to: A) Achieve a balance between organizational needs and employee well-being B) Improve employee health outside of the work environment C) Reduce costs related to employee training D) Eliminate all workplace conflicts ANSWER: A 7. Which force in an organization refers to the social and physical setting in which people work? A) Structure B) Technology C) People D) Environment ANSWER: D 8. In the context of organizational forces, “Structure” primarily refers to: A) The physical layout of an organization B) The hierarchical arrangement of roles and responsibilities C) The interpersonal relationships within an organization D) The use of technology in an organization ANSWER: B 9. Which organizational force involves the equipment, tools, and machines used by employees? A) People B) Structure C) Technology D) Environment ANSWER: C