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10 Determination as to Class may occur at a different point of initial restoration procedures. Other factors to estimate drying capacity: 1. HVAC influence; Outdoor weather influence 2. Build-out density 3. Building construction – complexity Mod...

10 Determination as to Class may occur at a different point of initial restoration procedures. Other factors to estimate drying capacity: 1. HVAC influence; Outdoor weather influence 2. Build-out density 3. Building construction – complexity Module 1- QUIZ (Basic Information) 1. What are the four principles toward successful drying? a. R E D T 2. What is the ANSI/IICRC S500 term defining the Category of water that originates from a sanitary water source and does not pose substantial risk to humans? a. 3. Name the class of water with the greatest potential amount of evaporation, due to the greatest amount of absorption (more than ~40% floor, wall, and ceiling area combined). a. 4. Name the class of water where materials have low permeance/porosity and deep pockets of saturation with water that is hidden, trapped or bound with low evaporation. a. and…often referred to as: 5. Name the Class of water with the least amount of water and evaporation (small area – comprising less than ~5% of floor, wall, and ceiling area combined). a. 6. When water contains significant contamination and potential to cause discomfort or sickness, originating from room side of trap or discharge lines, what is the Category? a. 7. Name the class of water intrusion with wet porous materials representing ~5% - to- less than ~40% of combined floor, wall, and ceiling surface area, e.g., carpet, gypsum board. a. 8. When water intrusion includes lateral migration of ground surface water into a building, water from beyond any trap, or an unknown point of origin, what is the Category of water, per ANSI/IICRC S500? a. 9. Monitoring to document and adjust goals should be performed at least: a. 10. An IEP, used to perform services beyond the expertise of the restorer, which may be needed initially, or at the end of a project, is an acronym for: a. 11. What two documents determine if evaporation and dehumidification is complete? a. b.  15 Module 2 (Equipment Types/Specifications) 1) What three (3) items shall be required for all employees, within the “Company Protection Plan”…prior to wearing respirators? a) b) c) trained to: 2) Which type carpet installation will be most effectively extracted with a “light wand”? a) 3) Which Principle of Drying will most effectively reduce drying time? a) 4) The tool used to safely extract water from hard surfaces (e.g., concrete, wood, vinyl) without damaging finished flooring or the extraction wand is a: a) also known as: 5) (FILL-IN FORMULA) The formula to compute gallons of standing water is written as: a) _________ x _________ ÷ _____ = (cubic footage) x ________ = _______ (to pump-out) 6) What is the approximate number of gallons in a 22 ft. x 22 ft. (6.7 m x 6.7 m) basement flooded with 3 ft. 3 inches (40 inches or 1.0 m) of water? a) 7) What two tools are used to relieve tension on carpet while disengaging from tackstrip? a) b) 8) Once inspected and determined if carpet is glue-down…or...if installed over cushion (padding), what is the easiest of the two carpet installation processes to extract? a) 9) What government regulatory agency dictates employee health and safety in the workplace? a) ____________ ( )  26 ****Reduced performance level below these numbers**** Relative Type Dehumidifier Humidity (RH) Humidity Ratio (gpp) Conventional Refrigerant 40% 55 Low Grain Refrigerant (LGR) 30% 34 Desiccant (with silica gel) 10% - below 10-15 and below LGR – “Sweet spot” temperature 85°-90° … reduced-to-no performance < 70° and >95° ****MONITORING: (1) grain depression (GD) and (2) cfm of dehumidifier (cfm) Both required when determining a dehumidifier’s estimated amount of water removal. Mathematical Exercises: Additional Homework on pages 27 1. When using conventional refrigerant dehumidifiers in a Class 2 water loss containing 12,000 ft3 (339 m3), the initial AHAM-rated recommended (pints per day) is: 2. On #1, if a dehumidifier which processes 64 pts. at AHAM is used, the recommended number of units to install is: 3. When using low grain refrigerant (LGR) dehumidifiers on a Class 3 that is capable of removing 130 pints (61 liters) at AHAM, the recommended number of units to be installed initially within drying chamber of 36,000 ft3 (1019.4 m3) is: 4. When using desiccant dehumidification to dry a structure with deeply-held bound water in plaster walls or cupped hardwood flooring in a 40 ft x 65 ft. (12m x 19.5m) with 9-foot (2.7 meter) ceilings, the initial CFM for dehumidification is: 5. On #4, if the desiccant used processes 400 cfm, the recommended number of units is: 6. On #4, if the desiccant used processes 900 cfm, the recommended number of units is:  27 HOMEWORK (EVAPORATION and DEHUMIDIFICATION) 1) After installing one airmover in each affected area, what are the NEXT three (3) additional calculations that SHOULD be used? This includes adding one (1) airmover for every: a) b) c) 2) When calculations end with a partial room, calculations require rounding which direction? a) 3) What can often quickly cause airmovers to overheat and decrease cfm/air movement? a) 4) What 4 items greatly influence the rate of evaporation (a.k.a. correct evaporation PATH)? a) P b) A c) T d) H 5) Upon what principle do refrigerant dehumidifiers work? a) 6) Upon what principle do desiccant dehumidifiers work? a) by using what product: 7) What temperature range are refrigerant dehumidifiers rated most efficient? a) its sweet spot (most-efficient temperature) 8) Although LGR dehumidifiers start to lose efficiency below 34 gpp, what gpp do conventional refrigerant dehumidifiers start losing efficiency? a) 9) AHAM (Association of Home Appliance Manufacturers) rates temperature and relative humidity at what temperature and RH? a) (TEMP) (RH) 10) To determine INITIAL dehumidifier capacity recommendations, what must be known? a) b) c) 11) Which type dehumidifier that creates the greatest difference in Vapor Pressure between ambient and processed air, (across a broad range of temperatures and gpp)? a) 12) Which type dehumidifier creates greatest difference in Air Pressures due to wet reactivation air ducted outside (or dry air ducted into the wet area from the outside)? a)  32 Module 4 - TEMPERATURE CONTROL – POWER/ENERGY 1) What are the two types of drying techniques when using thermal energy? a) b) 2) When using thermal energy-application drying system, a ventilation method is often used due to an increased rate of: a) 3) If 3.5-amp airmovers are used with 15-amp circuit how many units would be able to use? a) Always round in which direction: ↓EXTRA PRACTICE NOT FOR WRT↓ 4) As Btu is generated (heat off of an electrical device during use), HVAC system helps reduce excessive heat. Each ton of AC has Btu cooling ability approximately (per hour): a) 5) A 3-ton air conditioning system provides cooling power of Btu per hour of: a) 6) Btu generated (per hour) by a 7.5 - amp dehumidifier using 115-volts are: a)  36 Module 5 (Inspection Tools) 1. A moisture ‘sensor’ does not measure moisture content. Rather, it only detects moisture if over 17-19% MC. What is its primary purpose? a. 2. A thermo-hygrometer (that determines temperature and humidities) also is used to help determine if which type equipment is in proper atmospheric condition (page #25 chart) … a. 3. Atmospheric conditions should be taken and recorded for all air readings including inside and outside air, dehumidifier output, HVAC output, and unaffected areas. What is another important recording to also include compared to dew point temperature? a. 4. What type meter ONLY obtains relative (comparing wet – to – dry) readings and not calibrated for moisture content? a. a.k.a. (“ ”) 5. When using a non-penetrating meter to read walls (first in front of the airmovers at the base of the walls) what also can create “false positive” readings (among many items)? a. b. c. 6. When take readings with penetrating meters (detecting moisture through electrical conductivity), a method is check behind or under trim molding. This can sometimes done without removing trim, using what attachment? (Not actual Moisture Content!) a. 7. When possible to do so, where should moisture content in hardwood flooring be taken? a. 8. What measurement is taken with anemometers? a. 9. CFM – ‘cubic feet per minute’ and FPM – ‘feet per minute’ are measurements of: a. CFM = FPM = 10. In-place drying is only available in Category 1. When should cushion be removed? a. b. c. (a.k.a. ‘ ______________ _______________’) 11. In the S500, LCCC is abbreviation acronym for: a. _______________, _____________, _______________, and ________________ b. What should be done if directed against Standard or to perform illegal act?  46 Module 6 (Drying Science – Psychrometry) 1. What term describes the amount of moisture in a given volume of air, expressed as a percentage (%) of total amount it could hold at a given temperature? a. 2. What term describes the weight of moisture held (suspended) in air? a. 3. What is another wording and acronym to express Humidity Ratio? a. Acronym: ( ) 4. At what RH percent do the below situations become a major concern? a. Hygroscopic materials b. microbial concerns 5. How is Humidity Ratio (gpp) and Vapor Pressure reduced? a. 6. When the rate of evaporation does not exceed the rate of dehumidification, what term is used to describe the drying situation? a. 7. What is the process of changing a solid directly to a gas (used in processing water- damaged documents through freeze-drying)? a. 8. What is a force (pressure) exerted in a gas (vapor) state on a surrounding surface? a. 9. What is capillary action (wicking) and vapor diffusion? a. Capillary wicking b. Vapor diffusion 10. How is Grain Depression typically recorded…as the difference in what readings? a. compared to: 11. What is the temperature at the temperature at which air becomes saturated and condensation then begins on any colder than this temperature? a. 12. Relative humidity percent at dew point temperature is what percent? a. 13. What is system called when intentionally exchanging indoor with outdoor air without using professional dehumidifiers (using windows, as an example? a. 14. What state is Humidity (or moisture) is always in attempt to reach and not exceed? a.  47 15. Often, evaporation can also increase when the room temperature is higher or lower? a. 16. At what temperature will condensation occur on a material's surface when the material contacts air at 90°F (32°C) and 40% RH? a. ( ) 17. If humidity ratio is 45 gpp and relative humidity is 40%, what is the temperature? a. 18 On a structural drying project, the indoor condition is 80°F (27°C) and 70% RH. What temperature is needed to bring the relative humidity (RH) to 50%? a. 19. Which atmospheric condition below has the lowest vapor pressure? a. __________95ºF (35 ºC) / 30 RH - 72 gpp b. __________120ºF (49 ºC) / 20 RH - 99 gpp c. __________40ºF (4ºC) / 90 RH - 34 gpp 20. At 80°F (27°C) and 60°F dew point, what two psychrometric conditions are below? a. Relative Humidity (RH)____ b. Humidity Ratio (gpp) _______ 21. What 3 potential concerns exist in each below conditions if psychrometric drying conditions after 24 hours of drying inside the structure are 65ºF (18ºC) / 70 RH?? a. Temp? b. RH? (3 different RH reading concerns…what % amounts and reasons) 1) over ____% (microbial growth) and 2) over ____% (hygroscopic materials) and 3) over ____% (payment; insurance specifications often require < 40%) c. Dew Point vs. probable floor temperature? DP material temperature Potential concern: 22. If ambient air temperature is same in all four rooms below, which wall/floor surface temperature would most typically promote the fastest rate of evaporation? a. 80ºF (27ºC) b. 75ºF (24ºC) c. 90ºF (32ºC) d. 70ºF (21ºC) 23. What is the grain depression (GD) in the below example of air readings? Air enters a dehumidifier from room is 80°F (27°C) and 60% RH.....then Exits a dehumidifier, AC, or to outside air that is 95°F (35°C) / 20% RH? Grain Depression:  52 Module 7 (Monitoring and Documentation) 1. What five atmospheric condition readings most typically should be recorded? a. b. c. d. e. 2. What is defined as the weight (or percentage) of moisture in a material, compared to the weight in dry material (oven/kiln dried)? a. ACRONYM: 3. When drying materials, tolerance level over EMC should never exceed level to support: a. (Not over: ) 4. When can Grain depression be determined if using an open drying system? a. 5. How is Grain depression determined, when using a dehumidifier? a.  56 E. Cabinets, attached and built-ins: Restorers should identify and eliminate moisture migration below or behind built-in cabinets or fixtures…… In many cases, the use of wall drying units on the backside of walls with built- in fixtures can be the most feasible way to achieve complete drying without removal and reconstruction of built-in furnishings or fixtures…. Intrusion of Category 2 or 3 water beneath or behind built-in fixtures typically necessitates removal, decontamination, and in most situations, replacement. Built-ins – identify and eliminate moisture below or behind built-in cabinetry 1. Drill holes in inconspicuous areas for evaluation. 2. Category 2 or 3 (unsanitary) behind or underneath built-ins usually requires removal, decontamination, and in some situations, replacement. 3. Challenges–inspection; exterior walls; pre-existing damages; collateral expense 4. Drying options – open or drill holes in inconspicuous areas; reskin or replace base boards as needed and consider: a. ducted ventilation b. injected system c. opening wall, if practical, behind built-ins to dry cavity d. thermal energy application drying F. Misc. other items in Course PowerPoint HOMEWORK - Module 8 (Finish wall / ceiling – Insulation - Cabinetry) 1. If determining options to dry or remove insulation, what are first two considerations? a. b. 2. With exception of water intrusion from overhead, what is direction to inspect walls? a. 3. For what reasons should wet blown cellulose insulation be removed? a. b. c. d. 4. What will almost always need to be done when ceilings are saturated and sagging? a. 5. What are included as drying options for built-in cabinetry? a. b. c. Module 9 – Flooring (soft goods): Materials and Installation  67 16.3.10 Restorers should inspect to determine if water has migrated under finish wood materials. If Category 2 or 3 water has collected in interstitial spaces under the floor, finish flooring should be removed and the subfloor evaluated for damage. If the substrate can be cleaned and sanitized, it should be dried to an acceptable moisture level or moisture content prior to replacement of finish flooring. Notes concerning melamine laminate: Since laminate flooring, although a finish flooring, is not hardwood flooring, (although technically wood composite), the previous processes for drying wood flooring above do not relate to laminate. Significant wetting under melamine laminate wood flooring dictates replacement due to construction and installation characteristics. Being highly hygroscopic, swelling and delamination is a huge consideration. Especially so, as it is installed over cushion or vapor barrier trapping water underneath thus requires removal to dry subflooring and other structural materials. HOMEWORK - Module 10 (Finish Wood Flooring) 1. Wood with edges higher than the center is known as cupping. However, what term defines edges lower than the center (most often caused by sanding prior to drying? a. 2. Non-destructive (non-rotting fungus) surface fungal growth can occur on wood when moisture content remains at or above 16%. Destructive fungal growth (rotting fungus) can also occur within wood when moisture content of wood remains at or above what percent? a. 3. Wood fiber saturation can occur when moisture content of wood remains over what percent? a. 4. A hardwood floor with a thin layer of finish wood over layers of plywood is known as: a. a.k.a. 5. Two most common (both effective and limited invasive) methods (processes) of drying hardwood flooring include: a. (example: ) b. (example: ) 6. Typically, what is the acclimation time for wood flooring, following restorative drying? a.