ICT Quiz #2 - Grade 9 Transistors - PDF

ICT QUIZ # 2 GRADE 9 Ma’am Mylene - Gutierrez Transistors (MOSFET) W1: LECTURE TITLE : is divided into two (N-type and P-type)...

ICT QUIZ # 2 GRADE 9 Ma’am Mylene - Gutierrez Transistors (MOSFET) W1: LECTURE TITLE : is divided into two (N-type and P-type) - Complimentary Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors (CMOS) TRANSISTORS TYPES OF TRANSISTOR (STANDARD) TRANSISTOR - amplify current - can be used as a switch (on/off) -composed of two diodes (PN junction) - semiconductor device used to amplify or switch electronic signals and electrical power - composed of semiconductor material usually with at least three terminals for connection to an external circuit CURRENT GAIN - symbol : hFE - amount of current amplification ✩ The letters refer to the layers of semiconductor material used to make the transistor. TYPES OF TRANSISTOR Negative : Positive : Negative (NPN) - most transistors used today - have leads labelled B (base), C (collector), and E (emitter) ⤳ This is because the NPN transistor is the easiest type to make from silicon. ✩ If you are new to electronics it is best to start by learning how to use NPN transistors. BASE - lead responsible for activating the transistor - has positive charge in NPN transistor COLLECTOR Translations ! - has negative charge in NPN transistor Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJT) EMITTER Negative : Positive : Negative (NPN) - has negative charge in NPN transistor Positive : Negative : Positive (PNP) Field Effect Transistors (FET) Junction Field-Effect Transistors (JFET) : is divided into two (N-type and P-type) Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field-Effect PAGE1 (MAY BE INCOMPLETE !) review at your own risk :p  ICT QUIZ # 2 GRADE 9 Ma’am Mylene - Gutierrez - needed for power transistors because they pass large currents - helps to dissipate (remove) the heat by transferring it to the surrounding air ✩ If you find that a transistor is becoming too hot to touch it certainly needs a heat sink! TRANSISTOR CODING example : BC108 - The first letter may be letter B is for silicon and letter A is for germanium which is rarely used now. - The second letter indicates the type. Letter C means low power audio frequency; Letter D means high power audio frequency; and Letter F means low power high frequency. ✩ The rest of the code identifies the particular transistor. example : TIP31A TIP - refers to the manufacturer: Texas Instruments Power transistor ✩ The letter at the end identifies versions with different voltage ratings. CONNECTING AND SOLDERING OF example : 2N3053 TRANSISTORS 2N Transistors can be damaged by heat when - identifies the part as a transistor and the rest of soldering so if you are not an expert it is wise to the code identifies the particular transistor use a heat sink clipped to the lead between the - no obvious logic to the numbering system joint and the transistor body. CHOOSING A TRANSISTOR ✩ A standard crocodile clip can be used as a heat sink. Most projects will specify a particular transistor, HEAT SINK but if necessary you can usually substitute an - waste heat is produced in transistors due to the equivalent transistor from the wide range current flowing through them available. PAGE2 (MAY BE INCOMPLETE !) review at your own risk :p  ICT QUIZ # 2 GRADE 9 Ma’am Mylene - Gutierrez ✩ The most important properties to look for the ✩ Saturation and Cut-off mode are used as maximum collector current IC and the current switches. gain hFE. ⤳ To make selection easier most suppliers group ✩ Inverse active aren’t normally used. their transistors in categories determined either by their typical use or maximum power rating. SEMICONDUCTORS SEMICONDUCTOR MATERIAL - has 4 valence electrons - defined by its ability to conduct electricity - conductive properties is between a conductor and insulator - can be made out of : silicon, germanium, and gallium arsenide (Silicon being the most common) EXTRINSIC - mix of different elements MODES OF TRANSISTORS - type of semiconductors where impurities such as boron, arsenic, and antimony are added) REGIONS EMITTER COLLECTOR ✩ This method of adding impurities is called BASE BASE doping. ACTIVE FORWARD REVERSE DOPING BIASED BIASED - increases the conductive SATURATION FORWARD FORWARD behavior/conductivity of semiconductors BIASED BIASED ✩ Impurities can influence how dope it can be. CUT-OFF REVERSE REVERSE BIASED BIASED Emitter - heavily dope Base - likely dope INVERSE REVERSE FORWARD Collector - moderate dope ACTIVE BIASED BIASED ✩ Active mode of transistors are used as an amplifier and/or oscillators. PAGE3 (MAY BE INCOMPLETE !) review at your own risk :p  ICT QUIZ # 2 GRADE 9 Ma’am Mylene - Gutierrez TYPE OF EXTRINSIC SEMICONDUCTORS N-TYPE - pentavalent (has 5 valence) - majority of charge are electrons (negative) example : Antimony, Arsenic, and Phosphorus P-TYPE - trivalent (has 3 valence) - majority of carriers are holes (positive) example : Boron, Gallium, and Aluminum INTRINSIC - pure insulator - barely useful PAGE4 (MAY BE INCOMPLETE !) review at your own risk :p