Q3 Health9 Lesson 2 Dressing, Bandaging, and Transporting Skills PDF

Dressing, Bandaging, and Transportin g Skills Lesson 2 At the end of the discussion, you are expected to: ▪Demonstrates appropriate bandaging techniques for unintentional injuries. ▪Demonstrates proper techniques in carrying and transporting the victim of unintentional injuries. A dressing...

Dressing, Bandaging, and Transportin g Skills Lesson 2 At the end of the discussion, you are expected to: ▪Demonstrates appropriate bandaging techniques for unintentional injuries. ▪Demonstrates proper techniques in carrying and transporting the victim of unintentional injuries. A dressing is a sterile pad applied directly on a wound to protect it from infection. A wound is an injury characterized by a on cut or a break the skin. There are five different types of wounds. These are the following:  Gauze dressings Foam dressings Non-adherent dressings Hydrocolloid dressings A. Incision – a cut on the skin caused by a slice of a sharp objects such as a knife, broken glass, or scissors. B. Lacerations – a wound caused by a cut that tears the skin open. It may be deep or shallow.  C. Abrasion – caused by scraping or rubbing of the skin. A type of wound usually acquired when the skin scratches a rough surface. D. Contusion – also called a bruise, this is a closed wound because the skin is not broken, caused by a trauma from a sudden blow, tissues inside the skin are damaged, causing discoloration. E. Puncture – acquired when a sharp object enters the skin; small wound that does not bleed a lot; prone to infection because the pathogens in the object may enter the body.  Minor wounds may be given first BASIC aid. Below are the steps in FIRST AID applying immediate care to a minor wound. 1. Wash the wound with clean water and soap. 2. Put the wound under running water to help stop bleeding. 3. Dry the wound with a clean towel. 4. Apply povidone-iodine to disinfect the wound. Do not apply alcohol because it may cause further irritation. b 5. Put dressing on the wound. Follow the procedure below. ▪Place the dressing directly over the wound. ▪Use enough amount of dressing. Make sure the dressing extends up to one inch beyond the edges of the wound. ▪Be certain that the dressing is non-sticky and secure it with a bandage. Principles of Dressing In dressing wounds, a person must always keep in mind the following principles: ❑Wash thoroughly and disinfect hands before touching the dressing. ❑Be careful when dressing the wound. Consider that it may be painful to the injured. ❑Make the dressing large enough to cover the wound. If any part of the wound is exposed, it is more prone to infection. ❑Fit the dressing tightly to provide compression, but still enough to allow blood circulation. ❑Dispose the used dressing properly. Bandaging A bandage is any piece of cloth used to hold a dressing in place. It may also be used to support a body part with a musculoskeletal injury. Often, bandages are triangular in shape. There are principles of bandaging that must be followed. These are represented by the acronym CANS. ❑ CAREFUL HANDLING ❑ ACCURACY ❑ NEATNESS ❑ SPEED Bandaging Techniques Before learning the different bandaging techniques, it is important to recognize the parts of a bandage.  APEX SIDE SIDE END BASE Cravat (One Fold) Cravat (Two Fold) A. FOR THE HEAD 1.Fold the base by at least two to three inches. 2.Place the folded base on the eyebrows. 3.Pull the bandage back and cross both ends. Tuck the apex inside the ends. 4.Make a square knot at the center of the folded base. 5.Pull down apex and tuck neatly inside the bandage. B. FOR THE FOREHEAD 1.Make a cravat by continuously folding the base of the bandage until you reach the apex. Make sure that the fold is two to three inches thick. 2.Place the center of the cravat on the top of the dressing of the wound. 3.Cross both ends and wrap around the forehead. 4.Make a square knot when both ends reach the starting point. C. FOR THE EAR, CHEEK, AND JAW 1. Make a cravat. 2. Place the center of the cravat on top of the dressing of the wound on the cheek. 3.Cross end over the other. Put one end over the head and the other on the chin. 4.Bring the two ends back at the starting point and make a square knot. D. FOR THE HAND 1.Place the injured hand in the middle of the triangular bandage. 2.Pull the apex over the fingers. 3.Cross the two ends and wrap them around the wrist. 4.Make a square knot. E. FOR THE ARM 1. Clip the apex on the underarm of the injured arm. 2.Place the injured arm over the bandage. 3.Pull up the lower end of the bandage to make an arm sling. 4.Make a square knot at the nape. 5.Hide the apex on the elbow. F. FOR THE SPRAINED ANKLE 1. Use a rolled bandage rather than a triangular one. A sprained ankle needs more bandage. 2. Roll the bandage on the top of the foot. Make around three to four rolls. 3. Cross the bandage on the ankle and back on top of the foot. Continue until you reach the other end. 4. Clip the end of the bandage on the ankle. TRANSPORTING TECHNIQUES Some injuries immobilize the victim. This means that the person is restricted to limited movement. Transporting refers to the moving of the victim from one place to another. It is usually done after applying first aid. Transporting may be done by one person, pair, or group. The following are some examples of transporting. ONE CARRY A. ANKLE DRAG ✔Ankle drag may be used if the person has no injuries on the legs or feet. 1. Make sure the victim is lying flat on the ground. Place the victim’s legs together. 2. Position yourself at the feet of the victim for ankle drag. 3. Bend your knees while keeping your back straight. 4. Lift both ankles of the victim and drag him or her. 5. Make sure to pass through smooth surfaces to avoid further injury to the victim. B. SHOULDER DRAG ✔Shoulder drag may be used if there are no injuries in the head, arms, or spine. 1. Position yourself at the head of the victim. 2. Bend your knees while keeping your back straight. 3. Firmly grasp the clothing behind the shoulders and drag the victim to the desired location. 4. If victim is shirtless, roll a towel or long cloth, put it over the chest and pull the ends from under the armpits. 5. Make sure to support the head with your arms. C. BLANKET PULL ✔This technique may be used if a blanket or a large piece of cloth is available in the injury scene. It is also used if the person is conscious and may move from side to side. 1. Place the blanket under the person by asking him or her to move from side to side. 2. Position yourself on the head part of the victim. 3. Bend your knees while keeping your back straight. 4. Pull both ends of the blanket and drag the victim. 5. Make sure to pass through smooth surfaces to avoid further injury. D. PACK STRAP CARRY ✔This technique may be used if the victim can move and stand with assistance. 1.Start in sitting position. 2.Squat in front of the sitting person. 3.Put both of the victim’s arm on your shoulders. 4.Cross the arms of the victim. 5.Hold the victim’s hand with your one arm. 6.Lift and stand carefully. TWO MAN A. CARRY TWO-HANDED SEAT ✔ This technique is best when carrying an unconscious victim for medium to long distance. 1. Face each other and squat down on either side of the victim. 2. Reach under the victim’s arms with one hand and under the knees with the other. 3. Tightly grip the other rescuer’s wrists. 4. Carry the victim and walk in the direction he or she is facing. B. FOUR-HANDED CARRY ✔This technique can be used to carry for moderate distances a victim who is conscious and alert. 1.Face each other. 2.Make a square-shaped seat using your arms by using both hands to hold each other’s wrists. 3.Let the victim sit on the square seat. 4.Make sure the victim is securely in place before standing up using your legs, making sure that your back is straight. C. CHAIR CARRY ✔This method is ideal for carrying a victim up or down a staircase and should only be undertaken if a strong, sturdy chair is available. 1.Sit the victim on a chair. 2.One of the pair will carry the two front legs of the chair while the other is at the back, carrying the back. THREE MAN CARRY A. BEARERS ALONGSIDE ✔ This method is used for lifting the patient onto a stretcher, into a bed, or to short distances only. 1.Rescuers position on either side of the victim. Strongest rescuer stays on one side alone. 2.Reach under the victim’s body and clasps with the rescuers on the other side. A. BEARERS ALONGSIDE 3. One rescuer’s free hand protects the head while the other rescuer’s free hand protects the legs of the victim. 4. One victim is secure rescuers lift the victim on leader’s cue.