G9 Arts Handouts - Elements & Principles of Art PDF

1. Elements of Art The visual components of color, form, line, shape, space, texture, and value. Building blocks used by artists to create a work of art. 7 ELEMENTS OF ART Line- A continuous mark made on a surface. (Ex. Straight, Zigzag...

1. Elements of Art The visual components of color, form, line, shape, space, texture, and value. Building blocks used by artists to create a work of art. 7 ELEMENTS OF ART Line- A continuous mark made on a surface. (Ex. Straight, Zigzag, curve,etc.) Shape- A two-dimensional area defined by boundaries. 2 types of Shape: 1. Geometric Shapes- Regular shapes such as squares, circles, triangle etc. 2.Organic Shapes- Irregular and a freeform shape found in nature. Form- A three-dimensional object or representation of one. (HEIGHT, WIDTH AND DEPTH) Ex: Sculptures, architecture, or the illusion of 3D in paintings. Color- Hue, value, and intensity used to create mood and contrast. Types of colors: 1. Primary colors- Red, blue, yellow. 2.Secondary colors- Green,Orange and purple 3. Tertiary colors- A mix of primary and secondary colors. Value- The lightness or darkness of a color or shade. -To create depth, mood, and contrast. Texture- The surface quality, both real (tactile) and implied (visual). - Tactile Texture: Actual surface quality (rough, smooth). - Visual Texture: The illusion of texture in a flat surface. Space-The illusion of depth or areas around and between objects. Types of Space: 1. Positive space- The space occupied by objects. 2.Negative space- The space around the objects. 2. PRINCIPLES OF ART- A guiding lights that help artist navigate the contrast, unity, balance and etc. 7 PRINCIPLES OF ART Balance- Distribution of visual weight. Types of Balance: 1. Symmetrical balance- Even distribution on both sides.  2.Asymmetrical balance- Uneven but still balanced visually. 3. Radial balance- Elements radiate from a central point. Emphasis- Focal point are the area that draws the most attention. - By creating contrast or leading lines can emphasis the artwork. Movement- How the eye moves through composition. Pattern- A repeated decorative design. Repetition- Reusing an element throughout the artwork. Contrast- To create visual interest or emphasize differences. Types of Contrast: 1. Color 2.Shape 3. Texture 4. Size Unity- Cohesiveness in the artwork, where all elements work together. - To balance consistency with diversity. PRE- HISTORIC ART It is characterized by cave paintings, petroglyphs, and megaliths. Prehistoric art expresses early human experiences. Existed during 40,000 years- 3,000 BCE. Archeologists- are people who study objects from the past. The art of this period appears in two main forms: 1. Small sculptures and large paintings. 2. Engraving on cave walls. Cave drawing and Paintings are done using natural substances: a. Black charcoal b. Animal blood c. Colored minerals d. Lump ochers or earth pigments PALEOLITHIC PERIOD: the earliest period of the stone age. CRO-MAGNON: The first artist and called “European early modern humans” LASCAUX CAVE- Most famous Paleolithic Cave painting Southwestern France Seven decorated chambers 2,000 images of 3 main categories: 1. Animals 2. Human figures 3. Abstract signs MESOPOTAMIAN- Mesopotamian art features intricate sculptures, reliefs, and architecture, reflecting the region's rich cultural heritage. STONEHENGE- A large stone that has been used to construct a prehistoric structure or monument. - maintain the continuity of harvest and crop - A man-made. CLASSICAL ART CLASSICAL ART- Refers to artwork created by the Ancient Greek and Rome.  - Aesthetic attitude and art style based on or reiterating themes, techniques, and subjects of art from ancient Greece and Rome. - pursued ideals of beauty, and harmony. ART OF ANCIENT GREECE: Focus on idealized human forms, realism, and harmony. - Development of sculptural techniques, like contrapposto CONTRAPPOSTO: a sculptural scheme, In which the standing human figure is poised. METHODS OF GREEK PAINTING: 1. FRESCO- Method of painting water-based pigments on freshly applied plaster usually on a wall surface. PLASTER- a soft mixture of lime with sand or cement and water for spreading on walls. 2. ENCAUSTIC- Also known as hot wax painting. -Involves Heated beeswax to which the colored pigments are added. - Developed to use by Greek builders. ART OF ANCIENT ROME Adaptation and expansion of Greek art. Realistic portraiture, monumental architecture, and civic structures. Use of mosaics, frescoes, and arches. ROMAN PAINTINGS Wide variety of subjects like: Animals, everyday life, portrait, landscape, and mythological. Landscape painting is the main innovation of Roman painting from Greek Painting. MOSAIC It is an art process where an image is created using an assemblage of small pieces of colored glass, stone or materials. MEDIEVAL ART BYZANTINE ART Highly religious and symbolic, focusing on iconography. Use of gold backgrounds, mosaics, and flat figures. Emphasis on spiritual themes over realism. The lively styles of painting which had been invented in Greek and Rome. Christian subjects. ROMANESQUE ART Revival of stone architecture, thick walls, and rounded arches. Decorative carvings and religious themes in both sculpture and painting. Increased stability and prosperity allowed for more significant investments in church construction. GOTHIC ART Height and light in architecture. Stained glass windows and flying buttresses in cathedrals Greater realism in sculptures and detailed, colorful artwork. Confined in the illumination of manuscript.  Innovations in both realistic human representation and perspective. Paintings on walls of churches.