Vitamins and Minerals PDF

Vitamins and Minerals Objectives Water-Soluble Vitamins © Sonoran University 2  Objectives Name the “vitamin” and “biochemically active form” of each water-soluble vitamin Describe the absorption, transport, storage, mobilization, and activation o...

Vitamins and Minerals Objectives Water-Soluble Vitamins © Sonoran University 2  Objectives Name the “vitamin” and “biochemically active form” of each water-soluble vitamin Describe the absorption, transport, storage, mobilization, and activation of each water-soluble vitamin Describe the function and supplemental use of each water-soluble vitamin Identify causes and signs/symptoms of water-soluble vitamin deficiency Describe the signs of water-soluble vitamin excess Correlate the actions of water-soluble vitamins to biochemical pathways © Sonoran University 3  General Characteristics of Vitamins ▪ Organic compounds with regulatory functions ▪ Essential in the diet ▪ Water-soluble & fat-soluble handled differently in the body ▪ Water soluble are not stored ▪ DRIs estimate needed intakes ▪ RDAs © Sonoran University 4 Classification of Vitamins Fat soluble: Vitamins A, D, E, K Water-soluble: B1 Thiamin B2 Riboflavin B3 Niacin B-complex B5 Pantothenic acid B6 Pyridoxine B7 Biotin B9 Folate B12 Cobalamin Vitamin C Ascorbic acid © Sonoran University 5 Characteristics of Water-Soluble Vitamins Water soluble Vitamin Solubility Water By intestinal capillaries, Absorption except B12 By plasma, Transport except B12 and folate Low. Mostly internal organs and muscle Storage Mostly as coenzymes and antioxidants Function Excretion Fast via urine Deficiency Presents rapidly Toxicity Relatively low, except B3 © Sonoran University 6 Endogenous Vitamin Synthesis Humans make: ▪ One water-soluble vitamin: Niacin (Vitamin B3) Human intestinal bacteria make: ▪ One water-soluble vitamin: Biotin (Vitamin B7) © Sonoran University 7  Vitamin C: Ascorbic acid Vitamin & BAF: ▪ Ascorbic acid ▪ Dehydroascorbic acid some animals can make it… humans cannot © Sonoran University 8  Vitamin C ▪ Natural Antioxidant ▪ RDA: ▪ Adult 75-90 mg/d ▪ One kiwi, small orange or 4 strawberries provides 100% of RDA Absorption: distal small intestine Intake up to 100 mg/d - 100% absorbed Intake >1000 mg/d - 1000 mg/d -