Psychosexual and Psychosocial Theories of Development PDF

LESSON 3 Theories of Development **1.** **Psychosexual Theory of Development --Sigmund Freud** As a person grows, the personality is also formed. Freud presents a very interesting story about personality, its components and development. He mentioned that in every stage of our development there is...

LESSON 3 Theories of Development **1.** **Psychosexual Theory of Development --Sigmund Freud** As a person grows, the personality is also formed. Freud presents a very interesting story about personality, its components and development. He mentioned that in every stage of our development there is a specific area that becomes the focus of pleasure needs called **erogenous zone** and failure to satisfy the needs of a particular psychosexual stage will result to **fixations**. As an adult, the person will now manifest behaviors related to this erogenous zone. -- -- -- -- -- -- **2.** **The Psychosocial Theory --Erik Erikson** Erikson's theory was largely influenced Sigmund Freud but Erikson extended the theory and incorporated cultural and social aspects into Freud's biological and sexually-oriented theory. The stages of Psychosocial development were modeled through the psychosocial crisis. **Psychosocial crisis** are two opposing emotional forces, the positive disposition and the negative disposition. If a stage is managed well, achieving a healthy balance between the two opposing dispositions, **virtue** will be formed. On the other hand, if we don't do so well, we may develop maladaptation and malignancies. **Malignancy** involves too **little of the positive and too much of the negative aspect of the task** such as a person who can't trust others. A **maladaptation** **involves too much of the positive and too little of the negative aspect**, such as a person who trusts too much. Dystonic- negative disposition Syntonic- positive disposition +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | | | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | | Central | | | | | question: | | | | | | | | | | "Can I trust | | | | | the world?" | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | | | | \*Leads to | | | | | depression and | | | | | hallucination | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | | Acquiring basic | | | | | skills such as | | | | | **self-help | | | | | tasks** to help | | | | | them develop | | | | | themselves. | | | | | | | | | | "**Firm but | | | | | tolerant, guide | | | | | them, wait | | | | | patiently to | | | | | experience and | | | | | acquire | | | | | believing to | | | | | themselves."** | | | | | | | | | | **Central | | | | | question: "Can | | | | | I do things | | | | | myself or must | | | | | I always rely | | | | | on others?"** | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | | | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | | Curiosity. | | | | | | | | | | 1\. Encourage | | | | | to try out | | | | | their ideas. | | | | | | | | | | 2\. Empower | | | | | good things | | | | | that they are | | | | | doing. | | | | | | | | | | 3\. Help | | | | | children | | | | | master new | | | | | tasks. | | | | | | | | | | 4\. Make them | | | | | understand | | | | | that what | | | | | they did was | | | | | wrong but not | | | | | the child. | | | | | | | | | | Central | | | | | question: "Am I | | | | | good or bad?" | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | | | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | | Involves | | | | | productivity | | | | | and creativity. | | | | | | | | | | The task of the | | | | | children is to | | | | | learn to carry | | | | | out their | | | | | plans. | | | | | | | | | | They must learn | | | | | the feeling of | | | | | success in | | | | | academic and | | | | | social | | | | | endeavors. | | | | | | | | | | 12 | | | | | | | | | | Central | | | | | question: "Am I | | | | | successful or | | | | | worthless?" | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | | | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | | | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | | | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | Malignancy: | 1.After finding | | | | | yourself, you | | | | | now have the | | | | | need to fuse it | | | | | with other | | | | | person. | | | | | | | | | | 2.Building and | | | | | relationship... | | | | | a | | | | | connection. | | | | | | | | | | Central | | | | | question: | | | | | "Shall I share | | | | | my life with | | | | | someone or live | | | | | alone?" | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | | | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | Malignancy: | 1.we might have | | | | | our own family, | | | | Midlife crisis | we have jobs, | | | | | practicing | | | | **Virtue: | profession. | | | | Care** | | | | | | 2.We are | | | | | extending our | | | | | love into the | | | | | future | | | | | | | | | | 3.we are giving | | | | | it not only to | | | | | those we have | | | | | an intimate | | | | | relationship or | | | | | group of | | | | | friends that we | | | | | have but also | | | | | for other | | | | | people. | | | | | (children, | | | | | students) | | | | | | | | | | Central | | | | | question: "Will | | | | | I produce | | | | | something of | | | | | real value?" | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | | | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | | Reflections, | | | | | satisfaction or | | | | | not, | | | | | accomplishments | | | | | or regrets. | | | | | | | | | | Central | | | | | question: "Have | | | | | I lived a full | | | | | life?" | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | | | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+