Psychology Presentation PDF

Brain Development Psychology Presentation Page 1 of 10  Sensorimotor Stage (birth-2) The sensorimotor stage happens from birth to about 2 years old. Here’s a simple summary: Learning Through Senses: In this stage, babies and toddlers learn about the wor...

Brain Development Psychology Presentation Page 1 of 10  Sensorimotor Stage (birth-2) The sensorimotor stage happens from birth to about 2 years old. Here’s a simple summary: Learning Through Senses: In this stage, babies and toddlers learn about the world by using their senses (seeing, hearing, touching, tasting, and smelling) and motor skills (moving and acting). They explore things by touching, grabbing, and putting things in their mouths. Object Permanence: At the start of this stage, babies don't understand that things continue to exist even if they can't see them. For example, if you hide a toy under a blanket, a baby might think it’s gone forever. But by the end of this stage, they realize that objects still exist even when they’re out of sight. Cause and Effect: Babies also start to understand cause and effect. For example, they might realize that shaking a rattle makes noise or pressing a button makes a light turn on. Movement and Exploration: Babies use their bodies to learn about the world. They crawl, walk, and explore their surroundings, discovering new things as they move. In short, the sensorimotor stage is all about babies learning through their senses and actions, and gradually understanding that the world is bigger than just what they can see right in front of them! Psychology Presentation Page 2 of 10  Preoperational Stage The preoperational stage happens between ages 2 and 7. Here’s a simple summary: Symbolic Thinking: At this stage, kids start using symbols, like words and images, to represent things. For example, a child might use a stick as a pretend sword or think about a toy as a real animal. Egocentrism: Children in this stage have a hard time seeing things from someone else's point of view. They might think that everyone knows what they know or feels what they feel. For example, a child might think that if they like a certain toy, everyone else will like it too. Animism: Kids might believe that non-living things (like toys or clouds) have feelings or thoughts, just like people. They might think their teddy bear feels happy or sad. Conservation: Children at this stage often don’t understand that quantities stay the same even when their appearance changes. For example, they might think that if you pour the same amount of water into a tall glass and a short one, the tall glass has more water because it looks higher. Limited Logic: Kids can start to think logically about things, but they may not yet be able to solve problems the way older kids or adults can. Their thinking is still more about what they can see and experience directly. In short, the preoperational stage is when kids begin to use their imagination and symbols but still think in a very personal, concrete way! Psychology Presentation Page 3 of 10  Concrete Operational Stage In the concrete operational stage, which usually happens between ages 7 and 11, we start to think more logically about things we can see or touch. Here’s a simple way to explain it: 1. Logical Thinking: Kids begin to solve problems in their heads, but they still need to work with things they can see or touch. They can start to understand that objects don't just change because they look different (for example, they can tell that if you pour the same amount of juice into a tall glass or a wide glass, it’s still the same amount). 2. Conservation: They realize that the amount of something stays the same even if it looks different. For example, if you break a chocolate bar into pieces, they know they still have the same amount of chocolate, just in smaller pieces. 3. Classification: They can group objects based on similarities and differences, like sorting Conservation animals into categories such as “mammals” or “birds.” 4. Seriation: Kids can arrange things in order, like putting numbers or sticks from shortest to longest. 5. Reversibility: They understand that some actions can be undone. For instance, if you squash a clay ball, they know it can be rolled back into its original shape. In short, during this stage, kids become much better at using logic to solve problems, but it still works best with things they can see or physically manipulate. Psychology Presentation Page 4 of 10  Formal Operations Stage The formal operations stage is a part of a theory about how people think and learn, This stage usually starts when kids are around 12 years old and continues into adulthood. Here's a simple breakdown: Abstract Thinking: At this stage, kids start to think about things that are not right in front of them. They can imagine different possibilities and think about ideas they can't see or touch. For example, they can think about the future, solve problems that don't have a simple answer, or understand concepts like justice, freedom, or love. Problem Solving: Kids can now solve problems in more complex ways. They can think logically, consider all possibilities, and use steps to find solutions. For example, they can solve math problems that require multiple steps or think through how to solve a puzzle in their mind before doing it. Hypothesis Testing: They are able to come up with ideas or "hypotheses" about how something might work and then test these ideas. They can think about "what if" situations and try to figure out the outcomes. Better Reasoning: This stage allows kids to make better decisions, reason through challenges, and see multiple sides of an issue. They start to understand that things may not always be as they seem and that there can be different viewpoints. In short, the formal operations stage is when kids start thinking in more advanced and creative ways, solving tough problems, and understanding deeper ideas! Psychology Presentation Page 5 of 10  Long-term memory Early Memory: In the first few years, children's memory is mainly focused on immediate experiences, but they start forming long-term memories as they grow and experience more. Improved Recall: As children get older, their ability to recall information improves. Around ages 3-5, they start remembering past events and experiences more clearly. Memory Strategies: Older children begin using strategies like repetition, organization, and imagery to help store and retrieve information more effectively. Schemas and Associations: As children grow, they start organizing memories into schemas (mental frameworks). For example, they might remember a birthday party by associating it with cake, friends, and games. Autobiographical Memory: Around ages 4-7, children develop a sense of personal history, known as autobiographical memory, where they start remembering and telling stories about their own past. Influence of Language: As language skills develop, children can describe and talk about their memories more, which helps strengthen long-term memory. In summary, long-term memory in children becomes more efficient as they grow, using strategies, experiences, and language to store and recall information better. Psychology Presentation Page 6 of 10  Physical Development Psychology Presentation Page 7 of 10  Conclusion In conclusion, Piaget's theory shows how kids' thinking changes as they grow. First, babies learn about the world by using their senses and actions (sensorimotor stage). Then, young children start using their imagination and thinking more symbolically (preoperational stage). As they get older, they begin to think more logically and solve problems (concrete operational stage). Finally, when kids become teenagers, they can think in more complex and abstract ways, imagining many possibilities (formal operational stage). Each stage helps children develop new skills and ways of understanding the world around them! Psychology Presentation Page 8 of 10  Any Questions? Psychology Presentation Page 9 of 10  Thank You Psychology Presentation Page 10 of 10