Psychology Jurisprudence Book PDF

The Board of Registration of Psychologists PSYCHOLOGY JURISPRUDENCE BOOK REPRINTED FROM THE GENERAL LAWS OF MASSACHUSETTS November 2011 EDITION  TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE Chapt...

The Board of Registration of Psychologists PSYCHOLOGY JURISPRUDENCE BOOK REPRINTED FROM THE GENERAL LAWS OF MASSACHUSETTS November 2011 EDITION  TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE Chapter 19A, sections 14-26 1 (Elder abuse) Chapter 19C, sections 1-13 9 (Protection of disabled persons) Chapter 112, section 12CC 19 (Duty to provide records) Chapter 112, sections 118-129 20 (Registration and licensing of psychologists) Chapter 112, sections 129A, 129B, 65A 26 (Confidentiality of psychologist-patient communications; restrictive covenants; unlicensed practice of trade) Chapter 119, sections 1-84 29 (protection and care of children, proceedings against them) Chapter 123, sections 1-36B 83 (Mental health: commitment, admissions, treatment, anti-psychotic medication, restraint, duty to warn, etc.) Chapter 123A, sections 1-16 111 (Care and treatment of sexually dangerous persons) General information regarding guardianships and conservatorships 120 Chapter 190B 122 (Guardians and conservators) Chapter 233, section 20B 153 (Privileged communication) Chapter 208 (selected sections) 155 (Divorce) 104 CMR 33.01 - 33.05 161 (Mental health, qualified, designated, designated forensic psychologists) 251 CMR 1.00-4.00 166 (Board of Registration of Psychologists regulations)  Psychology Jurisprudence Book Department of Elder Affairs Chapter 19A, sections 14-26 GENERAL LAWS OF MASSACHUSETTS CHAPTER 19A. DEPARTMENT OF ELDER AFFAIRS Chapter 19A, Section 14. Definitions applicable to secs. 14--26. Chapter 19A, Section 15. Reports of abuse; liability. Chapter 19A, Section 16. Protective services system. Chapter 19A, Section 17. Protective services agencies; authorized activities. Chapter 19A, Section 18. Assessment and evaluation of reports; investigations; arrangement for protective services. Chapter 19A, Section 19. Consent to protective services; interference with provision of services. Chapter 19A, Section 20. Lack of capacity to consent to protective services; hearings; emergency orders; placement or commitment. Chapter 19A, Section 21. Geriatric evaluation process. Chapter 19A, Section 22. Financial eligibility guidelines; reimbursements by elderly persons. Chapter 19A, Section 23. Records; disclosure; destruction; regulations; penalties. Chapter 19A, Section 24. Reports. Chapter 19A, Section 25. Rules and regulations. Chapter 19A, Section 26. Powers and responsibilities of other departments or agencies. Chapter 19A: Section 14. Definitions applicable to sections 14 to 26 Section 14. For the purposes of sections fourteen to twenty-six, inclusive, the following words and terms shall, unless the context otherwise requires, have the following meaning: "Abuse'', an Act or omission which results in serious physical or emotional injury to an elderly person or financial exploitation of an elderly person; or the failure, inability or resistance of an elderly person to provide for him one or more of the necessities essential for physical and emotional well-being without which the elderly person would be unable to safely remain in the community; provided, however, that no person shall be considered to be abused or neglected for the sole reason that such person is being furnished or relies upon treatment in accordance with the tenets and teachings of a church or religious denomination by a duly accredited practitioner thereof. "Caretaker'', the person responsible for the care of an elderly person, which responsibility may arise as the result of a family relationship, or by a voluntary or contractual duty undertaken on behalf of an elderly person, or may arise by a fiduciary duty imposed by law. "Conservator'', a person who is appointed to manage the estate of a person pursuant to chapter two hundred and one. "Court'', the probate and family court. "Department'', the department of elder affairs. "Elderly person'', an individual who is sixty years of age or over. "Emergency'', a situation in which an elderly person is living in conditions which present a substantial risk of death or immediate and serious physical or mental harm. "Financial exploitation'', an act or omission by another person, which causes a substantial monetary or property loss to an elderly person, or causes a substantial monetary or property gain to the other person, which gain would otherwise benefit the elderly person but for the act or omission of such other person; 1  Psychology Jurisprudence Book Department of Elder Affairs Chapter 19A, sections 14-26 provided, however, that such an act or omission shall not be construed as financial exploitation if the elderly person has knowingly consented to such act or omission unless such consent is a consequence of misrepresentation, undue influence, coercion or threat of force by such other person; and, provided further, that financial exploitation shall not be construed to interfere with or prohibit a bona fide gift by an elderly person or to apply to any act or practice in the conduct of any trade or commerce declared unlawful by section two of chapter ninety-three A. "Guardian'', a person who has qualified as a guardian of an elderly person pursuant to chapter two hundred and one, but shall not include a guardian ad litem. "Protected person'', an elderly person for whom a conservator or guardian has been appointed or other protective order has been made. "Protective services'', services which are necessary to prevent, eliminate or remedy the effects of abuse to an elderly person. "Protective services agency'', a public or nonprofit private agency, corporation, board, or organization designated by the department pursuant to this chapter to furnish protective services to elderly persons. Chapter 19A: Section 15. Reports of abuse; liability Section 15. (a) Any physician, physician assistant, medical intern, dentist, nurse, family counselor, probation officer, social worker, policeman, firefighter, emergency medical technician, licensed psychologist, coroner, registered physical therapist, registered occupational therapist, osteopath, podiatrist, director of a council on aging, outreach worker employed by a council on aging, executive director of a licensed home health agency or executive director of a homemaker service agency or manager of an assisted living residence who has reasonable cause to believe that an elderly person is suffering from or has died as a result of abuse, shall immediately make a verbal report of such information or cause a report to be made to the department or its designated agency and shall within forty- eight hours make a written report to the department or its designated agency. Any person so required to make such reports who fails to do so shall be punished by a fine of not more than one thousand dollars. (b) The executive director of a home care corporation, licensed home health agency or homemaker service agency shall establish procedures within such agency to ensure that homemakers, home health aides, case managers or other staff of said agency who have reasonable cause to believe that an elderly person has been abused shall report such case to the executive director of the corporation or agency. The executive director shall immediately make a verbal report of such information or cause a report to be made to the department or its designated agency and shall within forty-eight hours make a written report to the department or its designated agency. (c) In addition to a person required to report under the provisions of subsection (a) of this section, any other person may make such a report to the department or its designated agency, if any such person has reasonable cause to believe that an elderly person is suffering from or has died as a result of abuse. (d) No person required to report pursuant to the provisions of subsection (a) shall be liable in any civil or criminal action by reason of such report; provided, however, that such person did not perpetrate, inflict or cause said abuse. No other person making such a report pursuant to the provisions of subsection (b) or (c) shall be liable in any civil or criminal action by reason of such report if it was made in good faith; provided, however, that such person did not perpetrate, inflict or cause said abuse. Any person making a report under subsection (a), (b) or (c) who, in the determination of the department or the district attorney may have perpetrated, inflicted or caused said abuse may be liable in a civil or criminal action by reason 2  Psychology Jurisprudence Book Department of Elder Affairs Chapter 19A, sections 14-26 of such report. No employer or supervisor may discharge, demote, transfer, reduce pay, benefits or work privileges, prepare a negative work performance evaluation, or take any other action detrimental to an employee or supervisee who files a report in accordance with the provisions of this section by reason of such report. (e) Reports made pursuant to subsections (a) and (b) shall contain the name, address and approximate age of the elderly person who is the subject of the report, information regarding the nature and extent of the abuse, the name of the person’s caretaker, if known, any medical treatment being received or immediately required, if known, any other information the reporter believes to be relevant to the investigation, and the name and address of the reporter and where said reporter may be contacted, if the reporter wishes to provide said information. The department shall publicize the provisions of this section and the process by which reports of abuse shall be made. (f) Any privilege established by sections one hundred and thirty-five A and one hundred and thirty-five B of chapter one hundred and twelve or section twenty B of chapter two hundred and thirty-three relating to the exclusion of confidential communications shall not prohibit the filing of a report pursuant to the provisions of subsection (a), (b) or (c). Chapter 19A: Section 16. Protective services system Section 16. (a) Subject to appropriation, the department shall develop a coordinated system of protective services for elderly persons who are determined to be abused. In planning this system, the department shall require input from the department of social services, the existing protective service agencies and other agencies currently involved in the provision of social, health, legal, nutritional, and other services to the elderly, as well as elderly advocacy organizations. (b) Within this protective services system, the department shall establish a mechanism for the receipt of reports made pursuant to section fifteen which shall operate and be accessible on a twenty-four hour per day basis. If the department or its designated agency has reasonable cause to believe that an elderly person has died as a result of abuse, the death shall be reported immediately to the district attorney of the county in which the abuse occurred. Within forty-five days of the receipt of a report made pursuant to subsection (a) of said section fifteen, the department or its designated agency shall notify the reporter, in writing, of its response to the report. Such notification shall be made to a person who makes a report pursuant to subsection (c) of said section fifteen if said reporter so requests. (c) Subject to appropriation, the department shall designate at least one local agency to act on behalf of the department with a geographic area as defined by the department. The department may designate any public agency or private nonprofit organization which has the capacity to implement a service plan through direct access to social, health and mental health services. The department shall utilize existing resources and services of public and nonprofit private agencies in providing protective services. The department shall insure that assessment, evaluation and service delivery shall be provided through the designated local agency closest to the elderly person's community. In designating agencies, the department shall insure that: (1) persons conducting assessment, evaluation and service delivery have demonstrated experience in providing protective and other social health services to elders, have these protective functions as their primary employment responsibility, and have other professional qualifications as determined by the secretary; (2) continuity of care under one protective services worker is assured throughout assessment, evaluation and services delivery to the extent possible; and (3) the department and the designated agencies have the capacity to respond to an emergency and provide or arrange for services to alleviate the immediate danger of abuse of an elderly person on twenty-four hours per day basis. 3  Psychology Jurisprudence Book Department of Elder Affairs Chapter 19A, sections 14-26 The department shall monitor assessments, evaluations and the provision of protective services by designated local agencies. (d) The department shall issue regulations establishing criteria and procedures for the designation of protective services agencies or for the termination or designation or redesignation of protective services agencies. (e) The department shall be responsible for continuing coordination and supervision of the system. In carrying out these duties, the department shall, subject to appropriation: (1) adopt rules and regulations for the system; (2) continuously monitor the effectiveness of the system and perform evaluative research about it; and (3) utilize grants from federal, state and other public and private sources to support the system. Chapter 19A: Section 17. Protective services agencies; authorized activities Section 17. A protective services agency is authorized: (1) to receive and investigate reports of abuse; (2) to furnish protective services to an elderly person with his or her consent; (3) to petition the court for appointment of a conservator or guardian or for issuance of an emergency order for protective services; (4) to furnish protective services to an elderly person on an emergency basis as hereinafter provided; (5) to furnish protective services to a protected person with the consent of such person's guardian or conservator; (6) to serve as conservator, guardian, or temporary guardian of a protected person; and (7) to perform all other functions determined by the department to be necessary for the administration of this chapter. Chapter 19A: Section 18. Assessment and evaluation of reports; investigations; arrangement for protective services Section 18. (a) The department or its designated agency shall assess and evaluate the information reported pursuant to the provisions of section fifteen. Such assessment shall include a visit to the residence of the elderly person who is the subject of the report and may include consultations with appropriate service agencies and individuals who have knowledge of the elderly person’s situation including the person filing the report. The elderly person who is the subject of the report shall receive written notice that an assessment is being conducted and shall have the right to review the file and report developed as a result of the assessment. If the assessment results in a determination that the elderly person is suffering from abuse, the department or the designated agency shall evaluate the elderly person’s functional capacity, situation, and resources and shall develop a service plan for the provision of protective services. Said plan shall be appropriate to the needs of the elderly person and shall utilize the least restrictive alternatives. 4  Psychology Jurisprudence Book Department of Elder Affairs Chapter 19A, sections 14-26 The department shall adopt rules and regulations establishing time limits for the completion of assessments and evaluations and for the implementation of service plans; provided, however, that if an emergency exists, assessments shall be completed within twenty-four hours of the receipt of the report. If an assessment results in a determination that the elderly person has suffered serious abuse, the department or designated agency shall report such determination to the district attorney of the county where the abuse occurred within forty-eight hours. The district attorney may investigate and decide whether to initiate criminal proceedings. (b) The department or the designated agency shall provide or arrange for protective services in accordance with the service plan developed pursuant to the provisions of subsection (a). Protective services shall include, but not be limited to, the following: the capacity to respond to an emergency; protective services case work; the capacity to provide or arrange for a homemaker, home-health aide, transportation, legal assistance, counseling, nutrition services, guardianship and conservatorship, protective order through the court, emergency shelter, foster care, and adult day care services. The department or the designated agency is authorized to arrange for additional services necessary to assist and protect elderly persons who have been abused, including, but not limited to, the following: medical care, mental health care and emergency financial assistance. Chapter 19A: Section 19. Consent to protective services; interference with provision of services Section 19. (a) Any elderly person who requests or affirmatively consents to the receipt of protective services may receive said services. If the person withdraws or refuses consent, the service shall not be provided or continued except as provided in section twenty. (b) No person shall interfere with the provision of protective services to an elderly person who requests or consents to receive such services. In the event that interference occurs on a continuing basis, the department, a protective services agency, or the public guardian may petition the court to enjoin such interference. Chapter 19A: Section 20. Lack of capacity to consent to protective services; hearings; emergency orders; placement or commitment Section 20. (a) If the department or its designated agency has reasonable cause to believe that an elderly person is suffering from abuse and lacks the capacity to consent to the provision of protective services, the department or its designated agency may petition the court for a finding that the elderly person is incapable of consenting to the provision of protective services. Said petition shall set forth the specific facts upon which the department or the designated agency relied in making the determination. The court shall hold a hearing on the matter within fourteen days of the filing of the petition. The court shall give notice to the elderly person who is the subject of the petition at least five days prior to the date set for the hearing. The elderly person who is the subject of the petition shall have the right to be present, be represented by counsel, present evidence, and examine and cross-examine witnesses. If the elderly person who is the subject of the petition is indigent, the court shall appoint counsel to represent such elderly person. If the court determines that the elderly person lacks the capacity to retain counsel or waive the right to counsel, the court shall appoint a guardian ad litem to represent the interests of such elderly person. If, after hearing, the court determines, based on the preponderance of the evidence, that such elderly person has been abused, is in need of protective services and lacks the capacity to consent and no other person who is authorized to consent is available or willing to consent, the court may appoint a conservator, guardian or other person authorized to consent to the provision of protective services; provided, however, that the court shall establish the least restrictive form of fiduciary representation that 5  Psychology Jurisprudence Book Department of Elder Affairs Chapter 19A, sections 14-26 will satisfy the needs of such elderly person. In addition to or in the alternative, the court may issue an order requiring the provision of services. The order shall contain a specific description of the services to be provided and insure that the least restrictive alternatives are utilized. An order for protective services for an elderly person pursuant to this subsection shall remain in effect for a period of six months, unless otherwise stipulated in such order. The court may, for good cause shown, extend an order for protective services. Such extension shall remain in effect for a period of six months, unless otherwise stipulated in such order. (b) If an emergency exists and the department, its designated agency, a member of the immediate family or a caretaker has reasonable cause to believe that an elderly person is suffering from abuse and lacks the capacity to consent to the provision of protective services, said department, designated agency, member of the immediate family or caretaker may petition the court for an emergency order of protective services. The court shall give notice to the elderly person who is the subject of the petition at least twenty-four hours prior to the hearing. The court may dispense with notice upon finding that immediate and reasonable foreseeable physical harm to the individual or others will result from the twenty-four hour delay and that reasonable attempts have been made to give such notice. If the elderly person who is the subject of the petition is indigent, the court shall appoint counsel to represent such elderly person. If after the hearing, the court determines, based on the preponderance of the evidence, that the elderly person has been or is being abused, that an emergency exists, and that the elderly person lacks the capacity to consent to the provision of services, the court may order the provision of protective services on an emergency basis. The court shall order only those services necessary to remove the conditions creating the emergency and shall specially designate the authorized services in its order. If the court determines that the elderly person lacks the capacity to retain counsel or waive the right to counsel, the court shall appoint a guardian ad litem to represent the interest of such elderly person following the entry of such emergency order. The order for emergency protective services shall remain in effect for a period not to exceed fourteen days. Said order may be extended for an additional period not to exceed fourteen days if the court finds that the extension is necessary to remove the emergency. (c) The court shall not order an institutional placement or change of residence unless it finds that no less restrictive alternative will meet the needs of the elderly person. No elderly person may be committed to a mental health facility pursuant to this chapter. The elderly person or his or her court-appointed representative, the department, or the designated agency may petition to have any order issued pursuant to subsection (a) or (b) set aside or modified at any time. Chapter 19A: Section 21. Geriatric evaluation process Section 21. (a) Subject to appropriation, the department shall establish a geriatric evaluation process for the purpose of conducting a comprehensive physical, mental, or social evaluation of an elderly person for whom a petition has been filed in a court for appointment of a conservator or guardian, under the provisions of clause (3) of section seventeen, or for an emergency order for protective services. (b) The evaluation of an elderly person conducted by the geriatric evaluation process shall include at least the following: (1) the name and address of the place where the person is residing and of the person or agency, if any, who is providing services at present; (2) a description of the treatment and services, if any, presently being provided to the person; (3) an evaluation of the person's present physical, mental, and social conditions; and (4) a recommendation concerning the least restrictive course of services, care or treatment consistent with the person's needs. 6  Psychology Jurisprudence Book Department of Elder Affairs Chapter 19A, sections 14-26 (c) Subject to appropriation, the cost of this evaluation shall be borne by the department. (d) Such elderly person shall have the right, at his own expense to secure an independent medical and psychological or psychiatric examination relevant to the issue involved in any hearing under this section and to present a report of his independent evaluation or the evaluator's personal testimony as evidence at the hearing. Chapter 19A: Section 22. Financial eligibility guidelines; reimbursements by elderly persons Section 22. The department shall establish, by regulation, financial eligibility guidelines which provide a procedure for reimbursement by elderly persons for all or part of cost of protective services. If the department or the designated agency determines, pursuant to section eighteen, that an elderly person who is in need of protective services has sufficient resources to pay for part or all of the cost of protective services, it shall initiate said procedures for reimbursement. If the department or designated agency determines that an elderly person does not have sufficient resources, no reimbursement for any such costs shall be charged to the elderly person. No elderly person shall be required to reimburse the department for part or all of the cost of protective services unless he or she has been notified prior to the commencement of service provision that a reimbursement will be charged. No elderly person shall be required to reimburse the department for protective services before service provision commences. Chapter 19A: Section 23 Records; disclosure; destruction; regulations; penalties Section 23. (a) Except as otherwise provided in this section, all records containing personal data which are created, collected, used, maintained or disseminated pursuant to this chapter shall not be public records, and shall be governed by the provisions of chapter sixty-six A, the notice provisions of section sixty-three of chapter thirty and the enforcement provisions of section three B of chapter two hundred and fourteen. (b) If the department, any designated agency, or any other agency obligated to make an assessment under this chapter determines that the allegations in a report cannot be substantiated, it shall within 3 years of such determination, either (i) destroy said report and any other records containing personal data created because of the receipt of said report or (ii) physically remove therefrom all personal identifiers; provided, however, that the department, the designated agency or any other agency obligated to make assessments may create and hold whatever statistical records it needs for purposes of planning and reporting, as may be prescribed by regulations adopted by the department pursuant to section two of chapter thirty. Each government agency shall promulgate regulations prescribing the manner of creating and holding its own such statistical records, and the department shall adopt such regulations for itself and any designated agency. Each government agency shall annually report such statistical records to the executive office of elder affairs. (c) The department, any designated agency, or any other agency obligated to make an assessment under this chapter shall inform in writing an individual, upon his request, whether he is a data subject, as that term is defined in section one of chapter sixty-six A, with respect to records created or maintained under this chapter, and if so, the department or agency shall make such data fully available to him or his authorized representative, upon his request, in a form comprehensible to him, unless doing so is prohibited or excused under the provisions of this or any other statute. In making any disclosure or information to a data subject the department or agency may remove personal identifiers relating to a third person, except where such third person is an officer or employee of a government or non-governmental department or agency obligated to make assessments under this chapter. 7  Psychology Jurisprudence Book Department of Elder Affairs Chapter 19A, sections 14-26 (d) Any agent or employee of the department, a designated agency, or any other agency obligated to make an assessment under this chapter who violates the provisions of chapter sixty-six A, as modified by this section, with respect to records created or maintained under this chapter shall be punished by a fine of not more than five hundred dollars, or, if harm shall have resulted to any one whose privacy was sought to be protected by the provision violated, by a fine of not more than one thousand dollars, and, if such agent or employee is employed by the commonwealth, he shall also be subject to administrative disciplinary action pursuant to regulations adopted by the department or agency under section two of chapter thirty A. (e) No provision of chapter sixty-six A, section one hundred and thirty-five of chapter one hundred and twelve or this section relating to confidential data or confidential communications shall prohibit the department or designated agency from making reports to the district attorney under subsection (b) of section sixteen or subsection (a) of section eighteen, or from providing in such reports to the district attorney any information obtained by the department or a designated agency under section fifteen or section eighteen. No person providing notification or information to a district attorney or testimony in court pursuant to the provisions of this subsection shall be liable in any civil or criminal act by reason of such action. Nothing herein shall be construed to limit the prosecutorial power of a district attorney. No provision of chapter sixty-six A, section one hundred and thirty-five of chapter one hundred and twelve, or any other provision of law relating to confidential data or confidential communications shall prohibit the department, by its appropriate employees, or any designated protective services agency, by its appropriate employees from testifying in any judicial proceeding pursuant to subsections (a) and (b) of section twenty, chapter two hundred and one, or chapter two hundred and nine A where the employee has acquired the information which is the subject of his testimony while conducting an assessment in accordance with section eighteen. Such testimony shall not include the identity of the reporter of abuse under section fifteen. Chapter 19A: Section 24. Reports Section 24. Within one hundred and twenty days following the end of each fiscal year, the department shall submit a report to the governor, the general court and the public which shall include a description of the activities of the department and all designated agencies pursuant to sections fourteen to twenty-seven, inclusive, during the preceding fiscal year. Said report shall contain statistical information about the number and types of reports received under section fifteen; the results of the assessments and evaluations conducted and the amount, type and costs of services provided under section eighteen; and information on the quality of services provided and the results of such services in terms of alleviating abuse. Said report shall identify problems that may arise in the implementation of this chapter and shall contain the recommendations of the department for action on the part of the legislature. Chapter 19A: Section 25. Rules and regulations Section 25. The secretary shall adopt and from time to time revise rules and regulations for the implementation of the provisions of sections fifteen to twenty-four, inclusive. Chapter 19A: Section 26 Powers and responsibilities of other departments or agencies Section 26. Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to be a limitation of the powers and responsibilities assigned by law to other departments or agencies. 8  Psychology Jurisprudence Book Disabled Persons Protection Commission Chapter 19C, sections 1-13 GENERAL LAWS OF MASSACHUSETTS CHAPTER 19C. DISABLED PERSONS PROTECTION COMMISSION. Chapter 19C, Section 1. Definitions. Chapter 19C, Section 2. Establishment of disabled persons protection commission. Chapter 19C, Section 3. Powers and duties. Chapter 19C, Section 4. Referral of abuse reports. Chapter 19C, Section 5. Investigation, evaluation and disclosure of abuse reports; case findings and recommendations; reports of deaths. Chapter 19C, Section 6. Protective services. Chapter 19C, Section 7. Petitions for findings of incapacity; emergency orders. Chapter 19C, Section 8. Abuse of disabled persons under state care; investigations and hearings. Chapter 19C, Section 9. Completion of hearings; reports; referrals. Chapter 19C, Section 10. Reporters of abuse; liability; privileged communications. Chapter 19C, Section 11. Retaliation for reporting abuse. Chapter 19C, Section 12. Scope of chapter; delay or deferral of investigation. Chapter 19C, Section 13. Report of death of disabled person. Chapter 19C: Section 1. Definitions. Section 1. As used in this chapter, the following words shall, unless the context requires otherwise, have the following meanings: "Abuse", an act or omission which results in serious physical or emotional injury to a disabled person; provided, however, that no person shall be considered to be abused for the sole reason that such person is being furnished or relies upon treatment in accordance with the tenets and teachings of a church or religious denomination by a duly accredited practitioner thereof. "Caretaker", a disabled person's parent, guardian or other person or agency responsible for a disabled person's health or welfare, whether in the same home as the disabled person, a relative's home, a foster home or any other day or residential setting. "Commission", the disabled persons protection commission established pursuant to section two. "Disabled person'', a person between the ages of eighteen to fifty-nine, inclusive, who is a person with an intellectual disability as defined by section 1 of chapter 123B, or who is otherwise mentally or physically disabled and as a result of such mental or physical disability is wholly or partially dependent on others to meet his daily living needs. "General counsel" or "counsel", the general counsel of the executive office of health and human services. "Mandated reporter", any physician, medical intern, hospital personnel engaged in the examination, care or treatment of persons, medical examiner, dentist, psychologist, nurse, chiropractor, podiatrist, osteopath, public or private school teacher, educational administrator, guidance or family counselor, day care worker, probation officer, social worker, foster parent, police officer or person employed by a state agency within the executive office of health and human services as defined by section sixteen of chapter six A, or employed by a private agency providing services to disabled persons who, in his professional capacity shall have reasonable cause to believe that a disabled person is suffering from a reportable condition. 9  Psychology Jurisprudence Book Disabled Persons Protection Commission Chapter 19C, sections 1-13 "Recommendations", a statement or statements contained in an investigation report prepared pursuant to this chapter and based upon a conclusion that abuse has occurred which sets forth specific action or actions intended by the investigator to remedy said abuse, protect the particular disabled person or persons who are the subject or subjects of the report from further abuse and which responds to the specific protective needs of said disabled person or persons or group of disabled persons similarly situated. "Reportable condition", a serious physical or emotional injury resulting from abuse, including unconsented to sexual activity. "State agency", any agency of the commonwealth that provides services or treatment to disabled persons, including private agencies providing such services or treatment pursuant to a contract or agreement with an agency of the commonwealth. Chapter 19C: Section 2. Establishment of disabled persons protection commission; membership; terms; compensation; annual report Section 2. There is hereby established a commission for the protection of disabled persons, to be known as the disabled persons protection commission. The purpose of the commission shall be to provide for the investigation and remediation of instances of abuse of disabled persons in the commonwealth. The commission shall consist of three members to be appointed by the governor, one of whom he shall designate as chairman. Members of the commission shall serve for terms of no more than five years. No person shall be appointed to more than one full five-year term on the commission. The term of any commissioner shall not be coterminous with that of another. Members of the commission may be removed by the governor for gross misconduct, substantial neglect of duty, inability to discharge the powers and duties of office, or conviction of a felony. Any vacancy occurring on the commission shall be filled within ninety days by the original appointing authority. A person appointed to fill a vacancy occurring other than by expiration of a term of office shall be appointed for the unexpired term of the member he succeeds, and shall be eligible for appointment to one full five-year term. Any member whose term has expired shall continue to serve until such member's successor has been duly appointed and qualified. Members of the commission shall be compensated for work performed for the commission at such rate as the secretary of administration and finance shall determine and shall be reimbursed for their expenses. The commission shall annually report to the general court and the governor concerning the action it has taken; the names and salaries and duties of all individuals in its employ and the money it has disbursed; and shall make such further reports on matters within its jurisdiction as may appear necessary. Subject to the provisions of clause (a) of section three, the commission shall employ an executive director and a general counsel. The executive director shall be responsible for the administrative operation of the commission and shall perform such other tasks as the commission shall determine. The general counsel shall be the chief legal officer of the commission. Chapter 19C: Section 3. Powers and duties. Section 3. The commission shall have the following powers and duties:-- (a) to employ, subject to appropriation, such staff as shall be necessary to carry out its duties pursuant to this chapter; provided, however, that the commission shall establish written standards for the position of investigator and shall hire investigators whose education and training qualifies them for the position pursuant to the standards established by said commission; and provided 10  Psychology Jurisprudence Book Disabled Persons Protection Commission Chapter 19C, sections 1-13 further, that the commission shall take such steps as are necessary to ensure that the conduct of each investigator meets or exceeds such standards. For the purposes of determining the standards established under this section, the commission shall confer with the district attorneys and the attorney general. Such staff shall serve at the pleasure of the commission and shall not be subject to the provisions of chapter thirty-one; (b) to promulgate, pursuant to the provisions of chapter thirty A, rules and regulations to carry out the purposes of this chapter, including rules governing the conduct of hearings conducted pursuant to section eight; (c) to provide for the investigation of alleged abuse of disabled persons initiated pursuant to section four; (d) to designate other state agencies within the executive office of health and human services for the furnishing of protective services in accordance with the provisions of section six; (e) to issue reports, including findings of facts and recommendations, upon concluding an investigation, and to refer matters upon which investigations have been completed pursuant to section nine; (f) to take appropriate measures to notify state agencies, disabled persons and other interested parties of the provisions of this chapter; (g) to maintain files, records of investigations and reports which shall be retained and made available in accordance with the provisions of chapters sixty-six and sixty-six A; (h) to develop standards for deferral of investigations to the executive office of health and human services and to agencies within the executive office of health and human services under section twelve and in consultation with the secretary of the executive office of health and human services. (i) to establish within the commission a special investigative unit, which shall have sole responsibility for the initial investigation of all reports of abuse received by the commission in connection with which there is an allegation of criminal conduct. The colonel of the state police shall assign not fewer than five state police officers to the special investigative unit. The commission shall promulgate rules and regulations establishing procedures to exclude personally identifiable information regarding the subjects of investigations and to carry out the responsibilities of this chapter in such a way as to disclose as little personally identifiable information as possible. Chapter 19C: Section 4. Referral of abuse reports. Section 4. Upon receipt of a report of abuse of a disabled person, the commission shall:-- (a) refer immediately any such reports which allege the occurrence of abuse that is subject to the provisions of sections fourteen to twenty-six, inclusive, of chapter nineteen A, sections seventy-two F to seventy-two L, inclusive, of chapter one hundred and eleven, or sections fifty-one A to fifty-one F, inclusive, of chapter one hundred and nineteen to the appropriate agency for the implementation of measures provided in said sections. 11  Psychology Jurisprudence Book Disabled Persons Protection Commission Chapter 19C, sections 1-13 (b) refer immediately any such reports, which allege the occurrence of abuse to a disabled person whose caretaker is a state agency, to an investigator of the commission and the general counsel of the office of the secretary of health and human services, or his designee, within such office and to the department within the executive office of human services which provides or which has contracted for the provision of services to the disabled person. As determined by the commission, either the commission or said department, subject to the oversight of the commission, shall investigate such abuse as provided in section 5. In all cases where a commission investigation is being conducted, the department shall take reasonable steps to avoid unnecessary unwarranted or counterproductive duplication between any internal investigation or inquiry by the department and the commission's investigation, by utilizing the commission's investigation in lieu of an internal investigation conducted by said department. (c) refer immediately any such reports which allege the occurrence of abuse to a disabled person whose caretaker is other than a state agency to the general counsel or to the department of mental health, in those cases where the disabled person is a person with an intellectual disability or otherwise mentally disabled, or to the Massachusetts rehabilitation commission, in those cases where the disabled person is physically disabled and said counsel or the department of mental health or the department of public health shall immediately, upon such referral, designate an investigator who shall investigate such abuse as provided in section five. Upon receipt of a report of abuse of a disabled person where the screener, in accordance with written standards established by the commission, determines that the report may contain allegations of criminal conduct, the screener shall immediately refer such report to the special investigative unit which shall conduct an initial evaluation and investigation of the alleged criminal conduct and, upon completion of such evaluation and investigation, shall report the results of such evaluation and investigation to the commissioners who shall, if the special investigative unit has determined that there is reason to believe that a criminal offense has been committed, immediately refer such report, together with any relevant information obtained in such initial investigation, to the attorney general or a district attorney for the county wherein the alleged criminal offense occurred. Upon receipt of such report, the attorney general or district attorney for the county wherein the alleged criminal offense occurred shall contact the commission in order to coordinate the investigation of the matters giving rise to the report. As part of such coordination, the attorney general or the district attorney may request that the commission delay or defer its investigation of the noncriminal matters giving rise to the report; provided, however, that such request shall be granted only where the commission determines that the health and the safety of clients of state agencies or of contract providers shall not be adversely affected thereby and that the commission's or department's ability to conduct a later investigation shall not be unreasonably impaired by such delay or deferral. In all cases including, but not limited to, those in which the commission agrees to delay or defer its investigation, the attorney general or district attorney shall keep the commission informed of the status of the criminal investigation and the commission shall provide to the attorney general or the district attorney any and all information that may be relevant to the criminal investigation. In cases in which the commission agrees to delay or defer its investigation, it shall monitor the progress of the criminal investigation and shall determine, after consultation with such law enforcement agencies, when or whether the commission's investigation should be initiated or resumed. Chapter 19C: Section 5. Investigation, evaluation and disclosure of abuse reports; case findings and recommendations; reports of deaths. 12  Psychology Jurisprudence Book Disabled Persons Protection Commission Chapter 19C, sections 1-13 Section 5. Upon receipt of a report of abuse of a disabled person, an investigator designated by the commission, the general counsel, or a department within the executive office of health and human services shall: (1) Investigate and evaluate the information reported in said reports. Said investigation and evaluation shall be made within twenty-four hours if the commission, counsel or department of mental health or department of public health determines that there is reasonable cause to believe the disabled person's health or safety is in immediate danger from further abuse and within ten calendar days for all other such reports. The investigation shall include a visit to the disabled person's residence and day program, if any, an interview with the disabled person allegedly abused, a determination of the nature, extent and cause or causes of the injuries, the identity of the person or persons responsible therefor and all other pertinent facts. Such determinations and evaluations shall be in writing and shall be immediately forwarded to the commission, to the general counsel and to the department of mental health and the department of public health. If requested in writing by the commission or by any agency it designates, any mandated reporter required to make a report pursuant to section ten, shall disclose such documents relevant to any investigation being conducted pursuant to this chapter to the commission or to the agency. For the purposes of this section the word "documents" shall include, but not be limited to, any records, charts, reports, reviews, assessments, papers, correspondence and any other data or material. Any privilege created by statute or common law relating to confidential communications or any statute prohibiting the disclosure of information shall neither preclude the disclosure of such documents to the commission or its designated agency nor prevent the admission of such documents in any civil or disciplinary proceeding arising out of the alleged abuse or neglect of the disabled person; provided, however, that absent the written consent of an individual to whom the requested documents relate, any information which is protected by the attorney-client privilege, the psychotherapist-client privilege, or the clergy-penitent privilege shall not be subject to such disclosure. Any party required to provide documents in compliance with the provisions of this section shall not be liable in any civil or criminal action for providing such documents to the commission or any designated agency. (2) Evaluate the environment of the facility named in the report, if any, and make a written determination of the risk of physical or emotional injury to any other residents or clients in the same facility. (3) Forward to the commission, the general counsel, the department of mental health and the department of public health within a reasonable time after a case is initially reported pursuant to section four, a summary of the findings and recommendations on each case. (4) If there is reasonable cause to believe that a disabled person has died as a result of abuse, immediately report said death to the commission, the general counsel, the attorney general, the district attorney for the county in which such death occurred, and to the medical examiner as required by section six of chapter thirty-eight. (5) Not less than ten days prior to the issuance of a report containing a finding that there is reason to believe that misconduct has occurred, the commission shall provide written notice thereof to the 13  Psychology Jurisprudence Book Disabled Persons Protection Commission Chapter 19C, sections 1-13 person or persons alleged to have committed such misconduct and afford such person or persons the opportunity to respond in writing prior to the issuance of said report; provided, that, as determined by the commission, such notice of misconduct will not place the alleged victim at risk of further abuse. Upon receipt of a report of abuse of a disabled person, or upon receipt of a written determination and evaluation prepared and forwarded to the commission pursuant to the provisions of this section, the commission, notwithstanding any provisions of chapter sixty-six A regarding personal data to the contrary, shall immediately report such conditions and forward said investigation and evaluation report, together with any other material or information which the commission has obtained or received and which is relevant to the alleged abuse, to the district attorney for the county in which the abuse is alleged to have occurred if there is reasonable cause to believe that any of the following conditions exist: (a) a disabled person has been sexually abused or raped, or assaulted or battered, as set forth in chapter two hundred and sixty-five; (b) a disabled person has suffered brain injury, loss or substantial impairment of a bodily function or organ, or substantial disfigurement; or (c) a disabled person has suffered serious bodily injury as a result of a pattern of repetitive actions or inactions by a caretaker. No person providing notification or information to a district attorney or providing testimony in court pursuant to the provisions of this section, shall be liable in any civil or criminal action by reason of such action. Chapter 19C: Section 6. Protective services. Section 6. The commission, acting through state agencies within the executive office of human services designated by the commission, for the purpose of furnishing protective services, the general counsel acting through state agencies within the executive office of health and human services designated by the secretary of health and human services for the purpose of furnishing protective services, the department of mental health and the department of public health shall, as necessary to prevent further abuse in cases investigated by said commission, counsel or department: (1) furnish protective services to a disabled person either with his consent or with the consent of his current guardian; (2) petition the court for appointment of a conservator or guardian or for issuance of an emergency order for protective services as provided in section seven; or (3) furnish protective services to a disabled person on an emergency basis as provided in section seven. Chapter 19C: Section 7 Petitions for findings of incapacity; emergency orders; warrants Section 7. (a) If the commission, the general counsel, the department of mental health or the department of public health, has reasonable cause after initiation of an investigation to believe that a disabled person is suffering from abuse and lacks the capacity to consent to the provision of protective services, such commission, counsel or department may petition the court for a finding that the disabled person is incapable of consenting to the provision of protective services. Said petition shall set forth the specific facts upon which said commission, counsel or department relied in making such determination. The court shall hold a hearing on the matter within fourteen days of the filing of the petition. The court shall give notice to the disabled person who is the subject of the petition at least five days prior to the date set for 14  Psychology Jurisprudence Book Disabled Persons Protection Commission Chapter 19C, sections 1-13 the hearing. The disabled person who is the subject of the petition shall have the right to be present, be represented by counsel, present evidence, and examine and cross-examine witnesses. If the disabled person who is the subject of the petition is indigent, the court shall appoint counsel to represent such disabled person. If the court determines that the disabled person lacks the capacity to waive the right to counsel, the court shall appoint a guardian ad litem to represent the interests of such disabled person. If, after hearing, the court determines, based upon a preponderance of the evidence, that such disabled person has been abused, is in need of protective services and lacks the capacity to consent and no other person who is authorized to consent is available or willing to consent, the court may appoint a conservator, guardian, or other person authorized to consent to the provision of protective services; provided, however, that the court shall establish the least restrictive form of fiduciary representation that will satisfy the needs of such disabled person. In addition to or in the alternative, the court may issue an order requiring the provision of services. The order shall contain a specific description of the services to be provided and insure that the least restrictive alternatives are utilized. (b) If an emergency exists and said commission, counsel or department, a member of the immediate family or a caretaker has reasonable cause to believe that a disabled person is suffering from abuse and lacks the capacity to consent to the provision of protective services, said commission, counsel or department, member of the immediate family or caretaker may petition the court for an emergency order of protective services. The court shall give notice to the disabled person who is the subject of the petition at least twenty-four hours prior to the hearing. The court may dispense with notice upon finding that immediate and reasonable foreseeable physical harm to the individual or others will result from the twenty-four hour delay and that reasonable attempts have been made to give such notice. If after the hearing, the court determines, based upon a preponderance of the evidence, that the disabled person has been or is being abused, that an emergency exists, and that the disabled person lacks the capacity to consent to the provision of services, the court may order the provision of protective services on an emergency basis. The court shall order only those services necessary to remove the conditions creating the emergency and shall specifically designate the authorized services in its order. The order for emergency protective services shall remain in effect for a period not to exceed seventy-two hours. Said order may be extended for an additional seventy-two hour period if the court finds that such extension is necessary to remove the emergency. (c) The court shall not order an institutional placement or change of residence unless it finds that no less restrictive alternative will meet the needs of the disabled person. No disabled person may be committed to a mental health facility pursuant to this section. The disabled person or his court appointed representative, said commission, counsel or department may petition to have any order issued pursuant to subsection (a) or (b) set aside or modified at any time. (d) The courts of the commonwealth are hereby authorized to issue warrants for access to a disabled person upon application of the commission or any state or local law enforcement officer, where there is reasonable cause to believe that a disabled person is subject to abuse and access to such disabled person has been denied unreasonably to the commission or such law enforcement officers for the purpose of investigating the allegation of abuse. Chapter 19C: Section 8. Abuse of disabled persons under state care; investigations and hearings. Section 8. If, upon completion of investigation of a report of abuse of a disabled person whose caretaker is a state agency there is reasonable cause to conclude that such abuse did occur, or whenever, upon its own motion, the commission determines that a formal hearing is necessary to 15  Psychology Jurisprudence Book Disabled Persons Protection Commission Chapter 19C, sections 1-13 ascertain the scope and remedy of such abuse of disabled persons whose caretaker is a state agency, the commission may, upon a majority vote, initiate a formal investigation, including a hearing, to determine the nature and the extent of such abuse and what recommendations, if any, should be made with respect to such occurrence. Testimony in commission proceedings may, in the discretion of the commission, be recorded and taken under oath. The commission may, in its discretion, permit any party to testify, to call and examine witnesses, to introduce evidence or to cross-examine witnesses. Before testifying, all witnesses shall be given a copy of the regulations governing the commission proceedings. Each witness shall be entitled to be represented by counsel and may refuse to submit evidence or give testimony if such evidence or testimony could tend to incriminate him. All proceedings of the commission shall be public unless the commission votes to go into executive session. Any person whose name is mentioned during a proceeding under this section and who may be adversely affected by any action of the commission under section nine shall have the right to appear personally, to be represented by counsel in connection with the proceedings, to call and examine witnesses, to introduce evidence or to cross-examine witnesses. Chapter 19C: Section 9. Completion of hearings; reports; referrals. Section 9. Upon the completion of any formal investigation, the commission shall:-- (a) issue a written report and refer the same to the appropriate state agency. Such report shall contain findings of fact concerning the alleged occurrence of abuse that was the subject of the investigation, together with a finding as to whether or not such abuse did occur and, if so, what actions are necessary to remedy the causes of such abuse or to prevent its reoccurrence; (b) refer any matters for which there is reason to believe that a crime has been committed to the attorney general, the United States attorney or a district attorney for the county wherein such crime was committed; (c) refer any matters for which there is reason to believe that employee misconduct has occurred to the state agency employing such person for imposition of disciplinary measures in accordance with the requirements of any applicable law, regulation or collective bargaining agreement; or (d) refer any matters for which there is reason to believe that misconduct has occurred by a contractor with a state agency or by such contractor's agent, to the state agency contracting with such party for termination of such contract or for such other action as may be deemed appropriate by such state agency. Chapter 19C: Section 10. Reporters of abuse; liability; privileged communications. Section 10. Except when prevented by the constraints of professional privilege as hereinafter provided, mandated reporters shall notify the commission orally of any reportable condition immediately upon becoming aware of such condition and shall report in writing within forty-eight hours after such oral report. Mandated reporters who have reasonable cause to believe that a disabled person has died as a result of a reportable condition shall immediately report such death, in writing, to the commission, to the district attorney for the county in which such death occurred and to the medical examiner as required by section six of chapter thirty-eight. 16  Psychology Jurisprudence Book Disabled Persons Protection Commission Chapter 19C, sections 1-13 Any person may file report if such person has reasonable cause to believe that a disabled person is suffering from abuse or has died as a result thereof. No mandated reporter shall be liable in any civil or criminal action by reason of submitting a report. No other person making a report shall be liable in any civil or criminal action by reason of submitting a report if such report was made in good faith; provided, however, that no person who abuses a disabled person shall be exempt from civil or criminal liability by reason of their reporting such abuse. No privilege established, by sections one hundred and thirty-five A and one hundred and thirty-five B of chapter one hundred and twelve, by section twenty or twenty B of chapter two hundred and thirty-three, by court decision or by professional code relating to the exclusion of confidential communications and the competency of witnesses may be invoked to prevent a report by a mandated reporter or in any civil action arising out of a report made pursuant to this chapter; provided, however, that a mandated reporter need not report an otherwise reportable condition if the disabled person invokes a privilege, established by law or professional code, to maintain the confidentiality of communications with such mandated reporter. Any person required by this section to make oral and written reports, who fails to do so, shall be punished by a fine of not more than one thousand dollars. Chapter 19C: Section 11. Retaliation for reporting abuse. Section 11. No person shall discharge or cause to be discharged or otherwise discipline or in any manner discriminate against or thereafter take any other retaliatory action against any employee, client or other person for filing a report with the commission or testifying in any commission proceeding or providing information to the commission, the general counsel or the secretary of health and human services or any department, office, commission or other agency within the executive office of health and human services in the course of an investigation of alleged abuse of a disabled person. Any person who willfully violates this section shall be punished by a fine of not more than $1,000 or by imprisonment for not more than 1 year, or both. In addition, any person who takes such prohibited action against an employee, client or other person may be liable to that employee, client or other person for treble damages, costs and attorney's fees. A violation of an employee's rights under this section shall constitute a prohibited retaliatory action under subsection (b) of section 185 of chapter 149 if the employee is an employee for purposes of said section 185. The institution of a private action in accordance with this section by any such employee shall be deemed a waiver by the employee of the rights and remedies available to that employee under said section 185, and the institution of such an action under said section 185 shall be deemed a waiver of the rights and remedies available to that employee under this section. A person who willfully files a false report of abuse with the commission or willfully testifies falsely or willfully provides the commission or any designated investigating agency with false information in the course of an investigation or any other commission proceeding shall not be afforded the protections of this section. Upon receiving a report or other information pursuant to this section, the commission shall inform the person providing the report, testifying or providing information of that person's rights under this section and under section 185 of chapter 149 in writing. The commission may seek enforcement of the criminal provisions of this section. 17  Psychology Jurisprudence Book Disabled Persons Protection Commission Chapter 19C, sections 1-13 Chapter 19C: Section 12. Scope of chapter; delay or deferral of investigation. Section 12. Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to be a limitation of the powers and responsibilities assigned by law to other departments or agencies, nor shall this chapter be construed to relieve any such department or agency of its obligations to investigate and respond appropriately to alleged incidents of abuse. If the commission determines that a formal investigation under section eight, or an investigation under sections four and five, would duplicate or interfere with an ongoing investigation by law enforcement officials concerning possible criminal conduct arising out of the same conduct, it may, in consultation with the secretary of health and human services, delay or defer such formal investigation. The commission may, in consultation with the secretary of health and human services, delay or defer a formal investigation during the pendency of an investigation of the alleged abuse by the state agency at whose facility or program such abuse was alleged to have occurred. Such investigations may be delayed or deferred by the commission only after it has determined: that the health and the safety of clients of state agencies will not be adversely affected thereby; that the commission's ability to conduct a later investigation will not be unreasonably impaired and that the investigation of the incident by another official or agency will be conducted in good faith by an impartial, qualified investigator. The commission shall monitor the progress of such other investigations in order to determine when or whether the commission's investigation of the alleged incident of abuse should be initiated or resumed. Chapter 19C: Section 13. Report of death of disabled person. Section 13. Upon the death of any disabled person whose caretaker was a state agency or an agency of any subdivision of the commonwealth or a private agency contracting with the commonwealth, said caretaker agency shall immediately orally notify the commission and local law enforcement officials of such death, and shall forward to the commission and local law enforcement officials a written report of such death within twenty-four hours of the death. Said report shall contain the name of the disabled person, the name of the facility in which that person resided, and the facts and circumstances of the death. The commission shall take all appropriate measures regarding the report pursuant to its authority under this chapter, including investigating the death, and shall determine whether the cause of death is related to abuse. If it is determined that the death is related to abuse, the commission shall conduct further investigation, or shall oversee further investigation, pursuant to the provisions of this chapter. 18  Psychology Jurisprudence Book Duty to Provide Records Chapter 112, section 12CC GENERAL LAWS OF MASSACHUSETTS Chapter 112: Section 12CC Health care providers; inspection of records A health care provider who maintains records for a patient treated or examined by such provider shall permit inspection of such records by such patient or an authorized representative of the patient, and upon request a copy of such patient's record shall be furnished upon payment of a reasonable fee, as defined in section 70 of chapter 111 available to such patient or such representative except that no health care provider shall charge a fee any applicant, beneficiary or individual representing said applicant or beneficiary for furnishing a health record to such patient or such representative if the record is requested for the purpose of supporting a claim or appeal under any provision of the Social Security Act or any federal or state financial needs-based benefit program. A health care provider shall furnish a health record requested pursuant to a claim or appeal under any provision of the Social Security Act or any federal or state financial needs-based benefit program within thirty days of the request. Any person for whom no fee shall be charged shall present reasonable documentation at the time of such records request that the purpose of such request is to support a claim or appeal under any provision of the Social Security Act or any federal or state financial needs-based benefit program. For purposes of this section, "health care provider'' shall mean a person or entity providing medical care or services, including but not limited to, physicians and surgeons, therapists, dentists, nurses, optometrists, chiropractors, psychologists, and podiatrists. For purposes of this section, in the case of a psychotherapist the term "records'' in this section shall mean, at the discretion of the psychotherapist, the patient's entire record maintained by such psychotherapist or a summary of the patient's record. If in the reasonable exercise of his professional judgement, the psychotherapist believes providing the entire record would adversely affect the patient's well-being, in such instances, the psychotherapist shall make a summary of the record available to the patient. If a patient requests the entire record, notwithstanding a determination that providing said record is deemed to adversely affect the patient's well-being, the psychotherapist shall make the entire record available to either the patient's attorney, with the patient's consent, or to such other psychotherapist as designated by the patient. For the purpose of this section the word "psychotherapist'' shall mean any person defined as such by section twenty B of chapter two hundred and thirty-three or licensed pursuant to section eighty-four of chapter thirteen. 19  Psychology Jurisprudence Book Registration and Licensing of Psychologists Chapter 112, sections 118-129 GENERAL LAWS OF MASSACHUSETTS Chapter 112, Section 118. Definitions. Chapter 112, Section 119. Application for license as psychologist; contents and requirements. Chapter 112, Section 120. Examination of applicants; health service provider certification. Chapter 112, Section 121. Issuance of license without examination. Chapter 112, Section 122. Unauthorized practice or use of title; punishment. Chapter 112, Section 123. Penalties; exemptions. Chapter 112, Section 124. Temporary licenses. Chapter 112, Section 125. Exclusion of other professions or occupations from applications of licensing or registration requirements. Chapter 112, Section 126. Fees. Chapter 112, Section 127. Term of license; renewal. Chapter 112, Section 128. Investigations; revocation, suspension, or cancellation of license; notice, hearing, order, review. Chapter 112, Section 129. Reinstatement of license. REGISTRATION AND LICENSING OF PSYCHOLOGISTS. Chapter 112: Section 118. Definitions. Section 118. As used in sections one hundred and eighteen to one hundred and twenty-nine A,inclusive, the following words, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, shall have the following meanings: "Board", the board of registration of psychologists. "Doctoral degree in psychology", a doctoral degree from a recognized educational institution from a program in psychology as defined by the rules and regulations of the board. "Health service", the delivery of direct, preventive, assessment and therapeutic intervention services to individuals whose growth, adjustment, or functioning is actually impaired or may be at risk of impairment. "Health service training program", supervised experience at a site where health services in psychology are normally provided which is part of an organized integrated training program as defined by the rules and regulations of the board. "Psychologist", an individual who by training and experience meets the requirements for licensing by the board and is duly licensed to practice psychology in the commonwealth. "Recognized educational institution", a degree-granting college or university which is accredited by a Regional Board or Association of Institutions of higher education approved by the Council on Post Secondary Education of the United States Department of Education, or which is chartered to grant doctoral degrees by the commonwealth. Such institutional accreditation shall exist at the time that the doctoral degree is granted or within two years thereafter. "Supervised health service experience", training at a site where health services in psychology are normally provided, with which the applicant has a formal relationship, and where the applicant is supervised at least one hour for every sixteen hours of training, at least half of which is provided by a 20  Psychology Jurisprudence Book Registration and Licensing of Psychologists Chapter 112, sections 118-129 psychologist licensed by the board who is a member of the staff of the training site. At least twenty-five per cent of the applicant's time shall be in direct client contact. "The practice of psychology", rendering or offering to render professional service for any fee, monetary or otherwise, to individuals, groups of individuals, organizations or members of the public which includes the observation, description, evaluation, interpretation, and modification of human behavior, by the application of psychological principles, methods and procedures, for the purpose of assessing or effecting changes in symptomatic, maladaptive or undesired behavior and issues pertaining to interpersonal relationships, work and life adjustment, personal effectiveness and mental health. The practice of psychology includes, but is not limited to, psychological testing, assessment and evaluation of intelligence, personality, abilities, attitudes, motivation, interests and aptitudes; counseling, psychotherapy, hypnosis, biofeedback training and behavior therapy; diagnosis and treatment of mental and emotional disorder or disability, alcoholism and substance abuse, and the psychological aspects of physical illness or disability; psychoeducational evaluation, therapy, remediation and consultation. Psychological services may be rendered to individuals, families, groups, and the public. For purposes of this definition, the practice of psychology does not include the teaching of psychology, the conduct of psychological research, or the provision of psychological consultation to organizations, unless such teaching research or consultation involves the delivery or supervision of the types of direct services described above, to individuals or groups of individuals. Chapter 112: Section 119. Application for license as psychologist; contents and requirements. Section 119. Each person desiring to obtain a license as a psychologist shall make application to the board upon such form and in such manner as the board shall prescribe and shall furnish evidence satisfactory to the board that such person: (a) is of good moral character; (b) has received a doctoral degree in psychology from a recognized educational institution; (c) has engaged for the equivalent of at least two years full time, at least one year of which was before his receiving the doctoral degree, in psychological employment, teaching, research or professional practice under the supervision of or in collaboration with a licensed psychologist, or one clearly eligible for licensure in the opinion of the board; and (d) conducts his professional activities in accordance with accepted standards such as the Ethical Standards of Psychologists of the American Psychological Association. (Amended by 1987, 734, Sec. 2.) Chapter 112: Section 120. Examination of applicants; health service provider certification. Section 120. Upon satisfaction of requirements specified in section one hundred and nineteen, the applicant shall pass an examination administered by the board. Examinations shall be conducted at least once a year at a time and place to be designated by the board. Examinations shall be written, oral or both as the board deems advisable. An applicant shall be held to have passed an examination upon the affirmative vote of at least five members of the board. Any person who shall have failed an examination conducted by the board may not be admitted to a subsequent examination for a period of at least six months. 21  Psychology Jurisprudence Book Registration and Licensing of Psychologists Chapter 112, sections 118-129 Any licensed psychologist who independently provides or offers to provide to the public, health services, shall be certified as a health service provider by the board. The board shall certify as a health service provider applicants who shall demonstrate that they have at least two years full time of supervised health service experience, of which at least one year is before receiving the doctoral degree and at least one year of which is in a health service training program. Chapter 112: Section 121. Issuance of license without examination. Section 121. Notwithstanding the provisions of section one hundred and twenty, the board may issue a license without examination to an applicant who presents evidence that he has been licensed or certified as a psychologist by a similar board of another jurisdiction whose standards, in the opinion of the board, are not lower than those required in the commonwealth; or that he holds a diploma from a nationally recognized board or agency approved by the board. Chapter 112: Section 122. Unauthorized practice or use of title; punishment. Section 122. Any person not licensed to practice psychology who holds himself out to be a psychologist or who uses the title "psychologist" or engages in the practice of psychology shall be punished by a fine of not more than five hundred dollars, or by imprisonment of not more than three months, or both such fine and imprisonment. Chapter 112: Section 123. Penalties; exemptions. Section 123. The penalties in section one hundred and twenty-two shall not apply to: (a) persons eligible for licensure under section one hundred and nineteen who provide consultative services for a fee no more than one day a month; or (b) students of psychology, psychological interns or persons preparing for the practice of psychology under qualified supervision in a recognized training institution or facility; provided, however, that they are designated by such titles as "psychological intern", "psychological trainee" or other title clearly indicating such training status. Chapter 112: Section 124. Temporary licenses. Section 124. The board may grant a temporary license for a period not to exceed one year to a psychologist with legal residence outside the commonwealth to practice within the commonwealth provided he registers with the board and practices in consultation with, or under the supervision of, a licensed psychologist or possesses qualifications acceptable to the board. Chapter 112: Section 125. Exclusion of other professions or occupations from applications of licensing or registration requirements. Section 125. Nothing in sections one hundred and eighteen to one hundred and twenty-nine A, inclusive, shall be construed to prevent qualified members of other professions or occupations such as physicians, teachers, members of the clergy, authorized Christian Science practitioners, attorneys-at-law, social workers, guidance counselors, clinical counselors, adjustment counselors, speech pathologists, audiologists or rehabilitation counselors from doing work of a psychological nature consistent with the accepted standards of their respective professions, provided, however, that they do not hold themselves 22  Psychology Jurisprudence Book Registration and Licensing of Psychologists Chapter 112, sections 118-129 out to the public by any title or description stating or implying that they are psychologists or are licensed to practice psychology. Nothing in sections one hundred and eighteen to one hundred and twenty-nine A, inclusive, shall be construed to prevent school psychologists certified by the department of education from practicing and functioning within the scope of their employment in public or private schools or performing as certified school psychologists at any time in private practice or the public sector; provided, however, that they use the title Certified School Psychologists. Chapter 112: Section 126. Fees. Section 126. The following fees shall be determined annually by the commissioner of administration under the provision of section three B of chapter seven and shall be collected by the board: (a) application fee; (b) initial license fee; (c) temporary license fee; and (d) biennial renewal fee. Chapter 112: Section 127. Term of license; renewal. Section 127. Licenses shall be valid for two years and shall be renewed biennially. On or before April fifteenth every two years the secretary of the board shall forward to each licensed psychologist an application form for renewal. Upon the receipt of the completed form and the renewal fee on or before June first, the secretary shall renew the license for two years commencing July first. Any application for renewal of a license which has expired shall require the payment of a new application fee. Pursuant to the renewal, the applicant shall present to the board documented evidence of the completion of twenty hours of continuing education programs designed to improve the professional competence of the licensee. Such programs shall be completed during the licensed period immediately prior to renewal. In order to qualify, a program shall be approved by the American Psychological Association or such other accreditation program that the board may designate as appropriate. Chapter 112: Section 128. Investigations; revocation, suspension, or cancellation of license; notice, hearing, order, review. Section 128. The board shall investigate all complaints relating to the proper practice of psychology by any person licensed under sections one hundred and eighteen to one hundred and twenty-nine A, inclusive. The board may, after a hearing in accordance with the provisions of chapter thirty A, revoke, suspend or cancel the license, or reprimand, censure or otherwise discipline a psychologist licensed under said sections one hundred and eighteen to one hundred and twenty-nine A, inclusive, upon proof satisfactory to a majority of the board that said psychologist: (a) fraudulently procured said license; (b) is guilty of an offense against any provision of the laws of the commonwealth relating to the practice of psychology or any rule or regulation adopted thereunder; (c) is guilty of conduct that places into question the psychologist's competence to practice psychology, including but not limited to gross misconduct in the practice of psychology or of practicing psychology fraudulently, or beyond its authorized scope, or with gross incompetence, or with gross negligence on a particular occasion or negligence on repeated occasions; 23  Psychology Jurisprudence Book Registration and Licensing of Psychologists Chapter 112, sections 118-129 (d) is guilty of practicing psychology while the ability to practice was impaired by alcohol, drugs, physical disability or mental instability; (e) is guilty of being habitually drunk or being or having been within a reasonable period of time addicted to, dependent on, or a habitual user of narcotics, barbiturates, amphetamines, hallucinogens, or other drugs having similar effects; (f) is guilty of knowingly permitting, aiding or abetting an unlicensed individual to perform activities requiring a license for purposes of fraud, deception or personal gain, excluding activities permissible under any provision of laws of the commonwealth or rules or regulations of the board; (g) has been convicted of a criminal offense which reasonably calls into question his ability to practice psychology; or (h) is guilty of violating any rule or regulation of the board governing the practice of psychology. The board shall, after proper notice and hearing, adopt rules and regulations governing the practice of psychology in order to promote the public health, welfare, and safety and to implement the provisions of this section. No person filing a complaint or reporting or providing information pursuant to this section or assisting the board at its request in any manner in discharging its duties and functions shall be liable in any cause of action arising out of the receiving of such information and assistance; provided, however, that the person making the complaint or reporting or providing said information or assistance does so in good faith and without malice. If the psychologist is found not to have violated any of the provisions set forth in this section, the board shall forthwith order a dismissal of the charges. Notice in writing of a contemplated revocation or suspension of a license, or the cause therefor in sufficient particularity, and of the date of hearing thereon, shall be sent by registered or certified mail to the licensee at his last known address at least fifteen days before the date of such hearing. The psychologist against whom a charge is filed shall have a right to appear before the board in person or by counsel, or both, may produce witnesses and evidence on his behalf, and may question witnesses. No license shall be revoked or suspended without such hearing, but the nonappearance of the licensee, after notice, shall not prevent such hearing. All matters upon which the decision is based shall be introduced in evidence at the proceeding. The licensee shall be notified in writing of the board's decision. The board may make such rules and regulations as it deems proper for the filing of charges and the conduct of hearings. After issuing an order or revocation or suspension the board may also file a petition in equity in the superior court in a county in which the respondent resides or transacts business, or in Suffolk county, to ensure appropriate injunctive relief to expedite and secure the enforcement of its order, pending the final determination. Any decision the board makes pursuant to this section shall be subject to review in superior court in accordance with the provisions of chapter thirty A. Chapter 112: Section 129. Reinstatement of license. 24  Psychology Jurisprudence Book Registration and Licensing of Psychologists Chapter 112, sections 118-129 Section 129. After three years from the date of revocation, an application for reinstatement may be made to the board, which may, upon the affirmative vote of at least five of its members, grant such reinstatement. 25  Psychology Jurisprudence Book Registration and Licensing of Psychologists Chapter 112, section 129A, 129B, 65A GENERAL LAWS OF MASSACHUSETTS Chapter 112: Section 129A. Confidential communications. Section 129A. All communications between a licensed psychologist and the individuals with whom the psychologist engages in the practice of psychology are confidential. At the initiation of the professional relationship the psychologist shall inform the patient of the following limitations to the confidentiality of their communications. No psychologist, colleague, agent or employee of any psychologist, whether professional, clerical, academic or therapeutic, or a graduate of, or student enrolled in, a doctoral degree program in psychology at a recognized educational institution as that term is defined in section 118, who is working under the supervision of a licensed psychologist, shall disclose any information acquired or revealed in the course of or in connection with the performance of the psychologist's professional services, including the fact, circumstances, findings or records of such services, except under the following circumstances: (a) pursuant to the provisions of section twenty B of chapter two hundred and thirty-three or any other law; (b) upon express, written consent of the patient; (c) upon the need to disclose information which protects the rights and safety of others if: (1) the patient presents a clear and present danger to himself and refuses explicitly or by his behavior to voluntarily accept further appropriate treatment. In such circumstances, where the psychologist has a reasonable basis to believe that a patient can be committed to a hospital pursuant to chapter one hundred and twenty-three, he shall have a duty to seek said commitment. The psychologist may also contact members of the patient's family or other individuals if in the psychologist's opinion, it would assist in protecting the safety of the patient; or (2) the patient has communicated to the psychologist an explicit threat to kill or inflict serious bodily injury upon a reasonably identified person and the patient has the apparent intent and ability to carry out the threat. In such circumstances the psychologist shall have a duty to take reasonable precautions. A psychologist shall be deemed to have taken reasonable precautions if said psychologist makes reasonable efforts to take one or more of the following actions: (a) communicates a threat of death or serious bodily injury to a reasonably identified person; (b) notifies an appropriate law enforcement agency in the vicinity where the patient or any potential victim resides; (c) arranges for the patient to be hospitalized voluntarily; (d) takes appropriate steps to initiate proceedings for involuntary hospitalization pursuant to law. (3) the patient has a history of physical violence which is known to the psychologist and the psychologist has a reasonable basis to believe that there is a clear and present danger that the patient will attempt to kill or inflict serious bodily injury upon a reasonably identified person. In such circumstances the psychologist shall have a duty to take reasonable precautions. A psychologist shall be deemed to have taken reasonable precautions if said psychologist makes reasonable efforts to t