Psychology Unit 2: Part 1: The Brain and Biology PDF

Psychology Unit 2: Part 1: The Brain and Biology NATURE or NURTURE What are the effects of biochemistry on behavior? Color & Label the Neuron Synapse Color these areas lightly with colored pencil YouTube Playlist for this unit http://www...

Psychology Unit 2: Part 1: The Brain and Biology NATURE or NURTURE What are the effects of biochemistry on behavior? Color & Label the Neuron Synapse Color these areas lightly with colored pencil YouTube Playlist for this unit http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list= PLEjDvHx5AbWjlTUqXfpzbx0ln4i4oyl NH Intro video:  Central Nervous System (CNS) Consists of the brain and spinal cord Processes and Distributes info throughout the body  Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) All of the branches of nerves that branch out from the spinal cord Connect the CNS to the rest of the body  Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) Autonomic NS: Self-regulated actions of internal glands and organs Somatic NS: Voluntary Muscle contractions  Sympathetic NS: Stress: flight or fight Parasympathetic NS: Peace: calming, establishes homeostasis  NEURONS Long, thin cells of nerve tissue along which messages travel to and from the brain The Neuron (stop at 2:32) http://youtu.be/C4Gt322-XxI ▪Neuron ▪a nerve cell ▪the basic building block of the nervous system  Neural Communication Parts of the Neuron: ▪ Dendrite (Tree ) ▪ the bushy, branching extensions of a neuron that receive messages and conduct impulses toward the cell body ▪ SOMA (Body )—the cell body of the neuron that contains the cell nucleus and much of the chemical machinery common to most cells. Produces neurotransmitters  Neural Communication ▪ Axon ▪ the extension of a neuron, ending in branching terminal fibers, through which messages are sent to other neurons or to muscles or glands ▪ Myelin [MY-uh-lin] Sheath ▪ a layer of fatty cells segmentally encasing the fibers of many neurons [Made of GLIAL CELLS] ▪ enables vastly greater transmission speed of neutral impulses [2mph to 267mph!!] ▪ Nodes of Ranvier: The gaps in between the Myelin Sheath ▪ Terminal Buttons/bulbs/knobs ▪ small knobs that secrete chemicals called NEUROTRANSMITTERS ; The Terminal Sacs or Vesicles manufacture the Neurotransmitter chemicals Neural Communication (parts of the Neuron) ▪ Synapse [SIN-aps] ▪ junction between the terminal of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron ▪ tiny gap at this junction is called the synaptic gap or cleft *SENDING CHEMICAL SIGNALS TO OTHER CELLS ▪ Terminal buttons at the end of the sending neuron [presynaptic neuron] release neurotransmitters; these chemical molecules attach to receptor sites on the receiving neuron [postsynaptic neuron] Color & Label the Neuron Synapse Neural Communication Synapse Let’s draw a Neuron!!!  Silly Neuron dance (parts of a Neuron)  HOW DO NEURONS FIRE? 1)ALL or NONE Fire at full strength or not at all 2)ELECTRO-CHEMICALLY As the messages travels through the neuron this is ELECTRICAL, in the synapse the impulse is transmitted Chemically  Neural Communication Neuron Firing (start at 2:32)  NEUROTRANSMITTERS Chemicals released by neurons which determine the rate at which other neurons fire 2 Types of Excitatory: These Neurotransmitters: neurotransmitters open chemical locks or excite the receptors, telling the next neuron to fire. [PUZZLE PIECES; Keys in a Lock] Inhibitory: The neurotransmitters can can stop/inhibit the next neuron from transmitting Examples of Neurotransmitters *Endorphins *Dopamine *Acetylcholine *Serotonin *Norepinephrine (Definitions are on the next slides.)  Neurotransmitters ▪ Acetylcholine [ah-seat-el-KO-leen] ▪ a neurotransmitter that, among its functions, triggers voluntary muscle contraction, helps memory & learning ▪Too much = convulsions or excess shaking ▪Too few= Alzheimer's disease, paralysis  Neurotransmitters ▪ Endorphins [en-DOR-fins] ▪ “Runners’ High” is due to Endorphins... ▪ Endorphins are released when doing physical activity (exercise, dancing, etc) ▪ “morphine within” ▪ natural, opiate-like neurotransmitters ▪ pain control ▪ Common for athletes to not feel pain during exercise or performance/competition ▪ Too much= Slows neural system, heart, breathing  Neurotransmitters Dopamine – Contributes to control of voluntary movement, learning, attention, pleasurable emotions—euphoria Too much= Schizophrenia Too few= Parkinson’s disease  Neurotransmitters Norepinephrine (aka Noradrenaline) – Resembles the hormone Adrenaline – Alertness & arousal (Fight or Flight chemical) Too much= fear and anxiety  Neurotransmitters Serotonin – Mood, hunger, sleep, arousal, perception Too much = tremors, headaches Too few= depression, eating disorders, alcoholism, aggression  Neurotransmitters GABA – major inhibitory neurotransmitter – GABA is released when taking depressants (sleeping pills, alcohol, etc. Benzodiazepines increase the functioning of GABA receptors.) Too much = lethargy Too few seizures, tremors, insomnia, possibly linked to anxiety disorders  Neurotransmitters Glutamate – major excitatory neurotransmitter. Involved in learning & memory – (Foods with MSG increase glutamate levels; packaged and processed foods, fast food, etc.) Too much = migraines, seizures Too few: correlated with adult schizophrenia Brain stuff starts here:  (6:00-11:30) Crash Course: Getting to Know your Brain  THE BRAIN Not ONE mass, but Criss cross made of many organization different parts “Feeling Brain” & Roughly 3lbs. In an “Thinking Brain” adult human Develops from the Every part has back forward evolved in a certain way for a specific reason The Areas of the Brain: The Broca’s Area→ allows for the articulation of speech (located in the Frontal Lobe) Wernicke’s Area→allows for the comprehension of speech (In the Left Hemisphere)  Cerebral Cortex A thin mantle of gray matter about the size of a formal dinner napkin covering the surface of each cerebral hemisphere.  Gabby Giffords Nueroplasticity  Lobes Song (To the tune of Row Row Row Your Boat) Let’s start with the Parietal lobe: taste and frontal lobe, touch. personality. Occipital lobe, your sight. Concentration, Temporal Lobe: auditory, movement, Broca’s get the faces right. ‘ticulate speech  Videos Girl with half a brain Submit Coloring Book Mnemonic to memorize brain