Psy405 Exam 3 Content PDF

**[Depression and other related disorders:]** Diagnostic overview of Major Depressive Episode: (can last 8 months or so if not treated) - - - - - - - - - - - - - Diagnostic Criteria for Dysthymic Episode: (low level depression, but chronic) - - - - - -...

**[Depression and other related disorders:]** Diagnostic overview of Major Depressive Episode: (can last 8 months or so if not treated) - - - - - - - - - - - - - Diagnostic Criteria for Dysthymic Episode: (low level depression, but chronic) - - - - - - - - - - Diagnostic overview of Persistent Depressive Disorder: - - - Diagnostic Overview of Prolonged Grief Disorder: - - - - - - - - - - - - Gender differences: - - - - Depression and Stressful Life Events - - - - - - - - - Psychological theories of depression: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Psychological theories: Lewisohn's Behavioral Theory of Depression - Behavioral view: - - - - Etiology of MDD: Cognitive theories - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Biological Theories of Depression: 1. 2. 3. 4. Depression and cortisol dysregulation - - - - How does stress cause depression: - - - - Life events interact with serotonin transporter gene to predict symptoms of depression Example of gene-environment interaction \*\*\*this will be tested on the next exam The length of a transporter gene interacts with the number of stressful life events that the indiv may have experienced between age 21 and 26 Blue line - if you have a long/long allele and you have 3 stressful life events (say the election, someone t-boned your car, and someone died - you are still relatively low for depression symptoms Psychological treatments for major depression - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Etiology of mood disorders: Major Depressive Disorder: - - - - Etiology of mood disorders: Major Depressive Disorder: Neurobiological factors: - - - - Melancholic depression: (this is a subtype of depressive disorder) - - - - - - - Biological interventions for Major Depression 1. a. i. ii. 1. 2. 3. iii. iv. v. vi. vii. 4. 5. b. viii. ix. c. x. 6. xi. xii. d. xiii. 7. xiv. 8. xv. e. xvi. 9. xvii. f. xviii. xix.  2. g. h. xx. xxi. xxii. i. j. k. l. m. n. 3. o. xxiii. p. q. r. s. t. u. 4. 5. 6. Biology of depression: - - - - Seasonal affective disorder: - - - - - Options for treatment resistant depression: - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Mood Disorders Bipolar and Related Disorders: - - - - Diagnostic Overview of Manic Episode - - - - - - - - - Diagnostic overview of Hypomanic Episode: - LESS SEVERE/less intense - - - - - - - - - Symptoms of a Manic Episode: - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - IMPORTANT: Low grade depression and hypomania = cyclothymia Major depression and hypomania = bipolar II Major depression and mania = bipolar I In order of increasing severity: Cyclothymia → bipolar II → bipolar I Bipolar Disorders - - - - - - - - - - - Diagnostic criteria for Bipolar I - - - Diagnostic overview of Bipolar II Disorder: - - - - - Diagnostic overview of Cyclothymic Disorder: - - - - - Epidemiology and Consequences - - - - - - - - - - - - Social and Psychological Factors in Bipolar Disorder - - - - - - - - Treatment of Bipolar Mood Disorder: - - - - - - - - - - - -  - - - Psychological Treatment of Bipolar Disorders - - - - - - - - - - - - Treatment of Mood Disorders - - - - - Comparing Depressive and Bipolar Disorders (pg 202) **[Schizophrenia: a disorder of the mind and brain]** Diagnostic overview of schizophrenia: - - - - - - - - - Dementias vs schizophrenia - - - - - - Schizophrenia is primarily a cognitive disorder and mood disorders are primarily affective disorders Schizophrenia: - - - - - - - - - - - The symptoms: - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Disorganized symptoms: - - - - - - - - - Negative symptoms: behavioral deficits - - - - - - - - - - - - Movement symptoms - - - - - - - - - - Schizophrenia: - - - - - - - - variable men women ------------------------------------------------------------------ ---------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------- Age of onset Earlier (18-25) Later (25-35) Premorbid (before the onset of disorder) functioning; adjustment Poor social functioning; more schizotypal traits Good social functioning; fewer schizotypal traits Typical symptoms More negative symptoms; more withdrawn and passive More hallucinations and paranoia; more emotional and impulsive Course More often chronic; poorer response to treatment Less often chronic; better response to treatment Related: - - - - - - - - - - - Diagnostic Overview of Schizophreniform Disorder: - - - - - - - - Diagnostic Overview of Schizoaffective Disorder: - - - - - - - - - - - Diagnostic Overview of Brief Psychotic Disorder: - - - - - - - - Schizophreniform disorder and brief psychotic disorder SIMILARITIES - - - - Diagnostic overview of Delusional Disorder: - - - -  The genetics of schizophrenia: - - - - General pop: 1% Child of one with schizo: 10%-13% Sibling: 9% MZ twin: 17% (epigenetic factors, growing up at the same time) Family Studies of Schizophrenia: - - Twin Studies of Schizophrenia: - - - Etiology of Schizophrenia: Genetic factors - - - - - - - - - - - - - -  MZ twins, one who expressed the genetic diathesis for schizophrenia, one did not express schizophrenia: Both sets of kids have the same risk of developing schizophrenia (because they both have the genetic diathesis) DZ twins, one who expressed the genetic diathesis for schizophrenia, one did not express schizophrenia: the normal twin's kids have a VERY low chance of developing schizophrenia while the schizophrenic twin's kids have a higher chance SHOWS DIFFERENCES IN PHENOTYPES AND GENOTYPES From genotype to phenotype: what is transmitted? - - Gene-Environment Interaction (G x E) - -  Lighter grey: abstained from cannabis Darker grey: used cannabis (started at ages 13-18) Cannabis use = environmental stressor; Val allele = genotype sensitivity Etiology of Schizophrenia: NTs - - - - - - - - - -  Etiology of Schizophrenia: Brain Structure and Function - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -  Gooding believes schizophrenia will eventually turn into an umbrella term for dif types (like dementia) Each type (Sporadic genetic type; early onset; genetic familial type; etc) Equifinality: many events leading to 1 disorder Treatment of schizophrenia: Medications - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Treatment of Schizophrenia: Medications (con't) - - - - - - - - Treatment of Schizophrenia: Psychological Treatments - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Extrapyramidal Symptoms: - - - - - Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome: - - - What is the prognosis for schizophrenia patients? - - - - - - **[Personality Disorders]** **[Personality disorder = inflexible]** Personality - - - - - Personality disorders: - - - -  "Odd" personality disorders: - - - Essential features of Cluster A, "odd and eccentric" personality disorders - - - - - - - - - - Diagnostic criteria of Paranoid Personality Disorder: - - - - - - - - - - - Diagnostic criteria of Schizoid Personality Disorder - - - - - - - - - - - Diagnostic criteria for Schizotypal Personality Disorder: (genetically related to schizophrenia - a risk factor for later development of schizophrenia) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Essential features of Cluster B, "Dramatic, Emotional, and Erratic" personality disorder - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Diagnostic overview of antisocial personality disorder: - - - - - - - - - - - - - Diagnostic Overview of Borderline personality disorder: - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Borderline personality disorder: - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Diagnostic Criteria for Histrionic (theatrical) Personality disorder: - - - - - - - - - - - - Diagnostic Criteria of Narcissistic Personality Disorder: - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Narcissistic resembles histrionic Histrionic diagnosed more in women - wants concern (show helplessness), goes to therapy bc they get attention narcissistic diagnosed more in men - wants to be admired (have too much pride to show helplessness), goes to therapy because they are ordered to (im gonna divorce you if you don\'t go to therapy) Essential features of Cluster C, "Anxious and Fearful" personality disorders - - - - - - - - - - - - Diagnostic criteria for Avoidant Personality Disorder - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Diagnostic criteria for Dependent Personality Disorder - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Diagnostic criteria for obsessive-compulsive personality disorder - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -