PSY 4 - Introduction to Lifespan Approach PDF

THE STUDY OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT PSY 4 – Developmental Psychology Overview of the Discussion 01 Introduce the study of human development 02 Discuss some of the recurring issues 03 Outline the principles of the lifespan approach to development 04 Understand the basic concepts of human deve...

THE STUDY OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT PSY 4 – Developmental Psychology Overview of the Discussion 01 Introduce the study of human development 02 Discuss some of the recurring issues 03 Outline the principles of the lifespan approach to development 04 Understand the basic concepts of human development  THE BOGOTA TWINS A true story of identical twins swapped and raised apart.  ACCIDENTALLY SWAPPED Two pairs of identical twins who were mixed up soon after they were born in 1988 and grew up apart William Jorge Carlos Wilber  ACCIDENTALLY SWAPPED Two pairs of identical twins who were mixed up soon after they were born in 1988 and grew up apart William Wilber Carlos Jorge Rural/Countryside Urban/Affluent  A CHANCE ENCOUNTER Twenty-five years later, a friend of William encountered Jorge, whom she mistakenly believed to be William. Upon realizing that Jorge was not William, she took a picture of him and sent it to William. William Wilber Carlos Jorge  25 YEARS LATER William Wilber Jorge Carlos Had similar taste and hobbies William became an engineer and Jorge worked in manual labor Jorge was more tech-savvy and friendly; but William was more practical Jorge was more outgoing and confident than William; but they are more talkative and less formal than the other pair  What influenced Had similar size/build and interests in cultural events Both had a tendency to look at their phones during conversation each pair of twin to Both are quieter, do not like banter, have a quicker temper, and take more care of their develop similarities looks despite being raised Carlos became a businessman while Wilbur worked in labor-intensive jobs apart? Carlos was more tech-savvy and had more social connections William Wilber Jorge Carlos Had similar taste and hobbies William became an engineer and Jorge worked in manual labor Jorge was more tech-savvy and friendly; but William was more practical Jorge was more outgoing and confident than William; but they are more talkative and less formal than the other pair  Had similar size/build and interests in cultural events Both had a tendency to look at their phones during conversation What led to their Both are quieter, do not like banter, have a quicker temper, and take more care of their differences in terms looks of their careers? Carlos became a businessman while Wilbur worked in labor-intensive jobs Carlos was more tech-savvy and had more social connections William Wilber Jorge Carlos Had similar taste and hobbies William became an engineer and Jorge worked in manual labor Jorge was more tech-savvy and friendly; but William was more practical Jorge was more outgoing and confident than William; but they are more talkative and less formal than the other pair  What about the Had similar size/build and interests in cultural events similarities that Both had a tendency to look at their phones during conversation manifested between Both are quieter, do not like banter, have a quicker temper, and take more care of their the brothers who were looks Carlos became a businessman while Wilbur worked in labor-intensive jobs raised together but Carlos was more tech-savvy and had more social connections unrelated by blood? William Wilber Jorge Carlos Had similar taste and hobbies William became an engineer and Jorge worked in manual labor Jorge was more tech-savvy and friendly; but William was more practical Jorge was more outgoing and confident than William; but they are more talkative and less formal than the other pair  Had similar size/build and interests in cultural events How did nature and Both had a tendency to look at their phones during conversation nurture interact that Both are quieter, do not like banter, have a quicker temper, and take more care of their led to these looks Carlos became a businessman while Wilbur worked in labor-intensive jobs observations? Carlos was more tech-savvy and had more social connections William Wilber Jorge Carlos Had similar taste and hobbies William became an engineer and Jorge worked in manual labor Jorge was more tech-savvy and friendly; but William was more practical Jorge was more outgoing and confident than William; but they are more talkative and less formal than the other pair  THESE ARE SOME OF THE QUESTIONS THAT CONTEMPORARY DEVELOPMENTAL RESEARCHERS ARE TRYING TO ANSWER THE STUDY OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT A BRIEF HISTORY RUNDOWN OF THE PERSPECTIVES MULTIPLE PERSPECTIVES? Most of them are products of individuals bringing their respective theories, whose inquiries and interpretations are inevitably influenced by their own values and experience. And most of them were made at the time that psychology was still in its infancy. MULTIPLE PERSPECTIVES? Our current understanding about human development draws on multiple disciplines such as genetics, neuroscience, evolution, anthropology, sociology, economics, and medicine. That includes our very own subfield, DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY. THERE HAVE BEEN RECURRING ISSUES ON THE SUBJECT MATTER  MOST PROMINENT ISSUE NATURE NURTURE Has been conceptualized in different ways: Emphasized the role of the environment, soul, innate ideas/drives/urges, divine learning, experience, culture, and social intervention, pre-determinisim, contexts genetics/heredity Extremists in this side were called People who consider that nature Empiricists (Locke’s Tabula Rasa) or determines everything are called Nativists Environmentalists (Role of the outside (some, Innatists) world or sociocultural contexts) Early thinkers wanted to know what constitutes human nature, what drives behavior, and how people acquire knowledge, which led to the debate; further perpetuated by scientific ideas like Darwinism, mendelian genetics, individual differences, and moral/ethical issues.  MOST PROMINENT ISSUE NATURE NURTURE Has been conceptualized in different ways: Emphasized the role of the environment, soul, innate ideas/drives/urges, divine learning, experience, culture, and social intervention, pre-determinisim, contexts genetics/heredity Extremists in this side were called People who consider that nature Empiricists (Locke’s Tabula Rasa) or determines everything are called Nativists Environmentalists (Role of the outside (some, Innatists) world or sociocultural contexts) What motivates each side in the nature vs. nurture debate? What would be the implications and applications if one side were proven right?  MOST PROMINENT ISSUE NATURE NURTURE Has been conceptualized in different ways: Emphasized the role of the environment, soul, innate ideas/drives/urges, divine learning, experience, culture, and social intervention, pre-determinisim, contexts genetics/heredity Extremists in this side were called People who consider that nature Empiricists (Locke’s Tabula Rasa) or determines everything are called Nativists Environmentalists (Role of the outside (some, Innatists) world or sociocultural contexts) We know that nature and nurture interact to shape who we are. Can you share some examples of behaviors, traits, or experiences that you think is a result from this interaction? MOST PROMINENT ISSUE NATURE NURTURE As a result of multidisciplinary scientific knowledge, we now know that both deeply interact during our development. Within our context as a scientific field, we constitute nature with heredity and genetics; while nurture with everything outside these aspects (experience/environment). We have a NATURE that requires NURTURE And our environment and experience is shaped by this NATURE which NURTURES it back!  OTHER RECURRING ISSUES Stability vs Change Continuity vs Discontinuity Does development occur in a Do our early personality traits smooth, gradual process persist throughout life (stability), or (continuity), or through distinct do we change significantly over stages (discontinuity)? time (change)? Quantitative & Qualitative Changes Based on your observations around Universality vs Context the people around you, Reactive vs Active Specificity what are your thoughts Are individuals passive recipients of Are certain developmental environmental influences (reactive), about each issue? processes and stages the same for or do they actively shape their own everyone worldwide (universality), development (active)? or do they vary depending on Mechanistic & Organismic / Determinism vs Free Will cultural and contextual factors (context-specificity)? QUESTIONS SO FAR?  CHECKPOINT! Can someone briefly summarize what we have talked about so far? WE NEED AN INTEGRATIVE APPROACH  LIFE-SPAN PERSPECTIVE  LIFE-SPAN PERSPECTIVE LIFELONG MULTICAUSAL MULTIDIMENSIONAL MULTIDIRECTIONAL PLASTIC CONTEXTUAL  DEVELOPMENT IS LIFELONG  PERIODS OF DEVELOPMENT  PERIODS OF DEVELOPMENT  PERIODS OF DEVELOPMENT Can you think of other concepts or phenomena that, like developmental stages, seem very “real” but are actually socially constructed?  PERIODS OF DEVELOPMENT What do you think are the benefits or advantages of dividing development into periods?  THE FOUR AGES Life-span developmentalists who focus on adult development and aging increasingly describe life-span development in terms of four “ages” (Baltes, 2006; Willis & Schaie, 2006): First age: Childhood and adolescence Second age: Prime adulthood, ages 20 through 59 Third age: Approximately 60 to 79 years of age Fourth age: Approximately 80 years and older  CONCEPTION OF AGE  MILESTONES AND TRANSITIONS  DEVELOPMENT IS MULTICAUSAL  GENE AND ENVIRONMENT  GENE AND ENVIRONMENT CRITICAL FACTORS AFFECTING DEVELOPMENT Risk Factors Protective Factors conditions or variables that conditions or attributes that help increase the likelihood of a shield individuals from the negative negative outcome or hinder optimal effects of risk factors and promote development resilience. Critical/Sensitive Periods Can you think of any critical periods in a specific time when a certain development? Provide examples of what factor/event, or its absence, has a huge impact on development you think are risk and protective factors (e.g. imprinting) during that period?  DEVELOPMENT IS MULTIDIMENSIONAL  DEVELOPMENT IS MULTIDIMENSIONAL Can you think of examples where development in one domain (physical, cognitive, or psychosocial) affects development in another?  DEVELOPMENT IS MULTIDIRECTIONAL  DEVELOPMENT IS MULTIDIRECTIONAL This is common among older people or even PWDs. Do you know of someone who strives to maintain, regulate, or compensate their declining functioning?  DEVELOPMENT IS PLASTIC  DEVELOPMENT IS CONTEXTUAL  DEVELOPMENT IS CONTEXTUAL Can someone provide further examples for each?  CHECKPOINT! What are the key principles of the lifespan approach to development?  THE BIG PICTURE  SO… ANY QUESTIONS? Let’s have an online quiz via E-learn. Just wait for my announcement thru our FB page. For next week, please read the R#1 Chapter 2 and R#3 Chapter 2. THANK YOU FOR YOUR PARTICIPATION! CLASS DISMISSED ☺