Questions and Answers
Which perspective emphasizes the role of genetics in human development?
What concept suggests that human nature is influenced by both innate drives and environmental factors?
Which of the following is considered a protective factor in development?
Which of these theories primarily focuses on the impact of cultural context on human development?
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Which of the following best describes the lifespan perspective on development?
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What age range is identified as the second age in life-span development?
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Which of the following terms best describes factors that increase the likelihood of negative outcomes in development?
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At what stage do individuals typically enter the third age according to the four ages framework?
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What characteristic of development emphasizes that changes can occur in multiple areas simultaneously?
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Which of the following best describes a critical period in development?
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How can risk factors influence development?
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Which of the following is not considered a protective factor in development?
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What concept refers to the phenomenon where development in one domain affects development in another?
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What does the term 'nature' primarily refer to in development?
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Which concept questions whether personality traits remain stable throughout life or change?
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In the discussion of development, what is meant by 'continuity'?
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What is implied by the term 'active' in the context of developmental processes?
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What does 'universality' refer to in developmental processes?
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Which factor can be influenced by both nature and nurture according to the development theories?
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What is the key issue addressed by the term 'reactive' in development?
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What aspect is primarily assessed when discussing 'cultural influences on development'?
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Study Notes
Four Ages of Development
- Life-span development is categorized into four distinct ages:
- First Age: Childhood and adolescence
- Second Age: Prime adulthood (ages 20-59)
- Third Age: Ages 60-79
- Fourth Age: Ages 80 and older
Conception of Age
- Age can be viewed not just as a numeric value but through various developmental stages and transitions that occur throughout life.
Critical Factors Affecting Development
- Risk Factors: Conditions or variables that can lead to negative outcomes or hinder optimal development.
- Protective Factors: Attributes that help individuals cope with risk factors, promoting resilience and positive outcomes.
Critical/Sensitive Periods
- Specific times in development where certain factors/events significantly impact growth, exemplified by experiences such as imprinting.
Multidimensional Development
- Development affects multiple domains, including physical, cognitive, and psychosocial aspects. Changes in one domain can influence others.
Multidirectionality of Development
- Development often progresses in multiple directions, particularly prominent among older adults and people with disabilities.
Multiple Perspectives in Human Development
- Understanding of human development integrates insights from various fields like genetics, neuroscience, anthropology, sociology, economics, and medicine, supported by developmental psychology.
Nature vs. Nurture Debate
- Nature: Involves genetics, heredity, and biological factors.
- Nurture: Encompasses environmental influences such as learning, culture, and social contexts.
- The interaction between nature and nurture is essential for understanding human development.
Recurring Issues in Development
- Stability vs. Change: Do early personality traits remain consistent throughout life or change significantly over time?
- Continuity vs. Discontinuity: Is development a smooth process or marked by distinct stages?
- Quantitative vs. Qualitative Changes: Consider whether observed changes are measurable or involve shifts in type or quality.
- Universality vs. Context Specificity: Are developmental processes the same for everyone worldwide, or do they differ across cultural contexts?
- Reactive vs. Active Development: Are individuals passive recipients of their environment or do they actively shape their own developmental path?
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Description
Explore the concept of life-span development as outlined by life-span developmentalists. This quiz focuses on the four distinct ages: childhood and adolescence, prime adulthood, third age, and fourth age. Test your understanding of milestones and transitions in adult development and aging.
