Army Public School Chemistry Project PDF

ARMY PUBLIC SCHOOL, KOLKATA CHEMISTRY INVESTIGATORY PROJECT PREPARATION OF RAYON THREAD FROM FILTER PAPER Submitted by- Name: Class: Sec: Session: AISSCE Roll No:  CERTIFICATE This is thereby to certify that the original and genuine investigation wor...

ARMY PUBLIC SCHOOL, KOLKATA CHEMISTRY INVESTIGATORY PROJECT PREPARATION OF RAYON THREAD FROM FILTER PAPER Submitted by- Name: Class: Sec: Session: AISSCE Roll No:  CERTIFICATE This is thereby to certify that the original and genuine investigation work has been carried out during the session 2023-2024, to investigate about the subject and the related data collection and have been completed solely, sincerely and satisfactorily by ______________________ of CLASS XII Science-1, AISSCE Roll No. __________________ of Army Public School, Kolkata regarding his project titled “ Preparation of Rayon thread from filter paper using Cuprammonium process.” _____________ External Examiner Chemistry Teacher _____________ Principal  ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The success and final outcome of this project required a lot of guidance and supervision from many people and I am extremely privileged to have got this all along the accomplishment of my project. All that I have done is only due to such assistance and help and I would not forget to thank them. I owe my deep gratitude to my chemistry teacher Mr. S. K. Maity and laboratory attendant Mrs. Susmita Naskar, who took keen interest in my project work and guided me all along, till the completion of the project by providing all the necessary information for developing it. Their valuable guidance, support, and supervision all through this project are responsible for attaining its present form. I am thankful and fortunate enough to get constant encouragement and support from my parents and friends too, which indeed helped me in successfully completing the work duly. Thank you  CONTENTS TOPIC PAGES Aim of the experiment 1 Materials required 2 Abstract 3 Introduction 4-5 Procedure 6 Observation 7 Precaution 8 Conclusion 9 Bibliography 10 AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT To Prepare Rayon thread from filter paper using Cuprammonium process 1  MATERIALS REQUIRED CHEMICALS- CuSO4 NaOH solution Liquor ammonia solution Dilute H2SO4 Distilled H2O APPARATUS - Conical flask (preferably 250 ml) Funnel Glass rod Beaker (preferably 250 ml) Water bath Filter paper (Whatman paper or ordinary filter paper sheets.) 2  ABSTRACT Rayon is a man-made fiber produced from regenerated cellulose obtained from natural sources like wood and related agricultural products. It shares a molecular structure with cellulose and comes in various forms, including different types and grades of viscose fibers and films. Certain variations mimic the tactile qualities of natural fibers like silk, wool, cotton, and linen. Those resembling silk are commonly referred to as artificial silk. Rayon is employed in the manufacturing of textiles for various applications, including clothing. In the late 19th century, rayon emerged as the initial synthetic fiber, designed as an alternative to silk. It is categorized as a regenerated fiber due to the process wherein cellulose, sourced from softwoods or the short fibers (linters) clinging to cottonseeds, undergoes conversion into a liquid compound. This liquid is then extruded through minute openings in a device known as a spinnerette before being reconverted into cellulose, taking the form of fiber. The early efforts to create such a fiber involved working with a highly combustible compound resulting from the treatment of cotton cellulose with nitric acid. 3  INTRODUCTION The process employed in manufacturing viscose can take the form of either a continuous or batch process. The batch process offers flexibility in producing a diverse range of rayons with extensive versatility. Rayon's adaptability arises from the fiber being chemically and structurally engineered, utilizing the properties of cellulose from which it originates. However, achieving uniformity between batches can be challenging, and the process demands significant labor involvement. In contrast, the continuous process is the primary method for rayon production. There are three distinct methods of production leading to different types of rayon fibers: viscose rayon, cuprammonium rayon, and saponified cellulose acetate. Among these methods, the viscose process is relatively inexpensive and holds particular significance in the production of nonwoven fabrics. Rayon fiber exhibits characteristics such as high absorbency, softness, comfort, ease of dyeing, and good drapability. 4 High tenacity rayons, possessing approximately twice the strength and two-thirds of the stretch of regular rayon, fall into a specific category of such fibers. An intermediate grade, known as medium tenacity rayon, is also manufactured, with strength and stretch characteristics falling between high tenacity and regular rayon. There are four main methods for manufacturing rayon: nitrocellulose processes, viscose processes, cuprammonium processes, and processes for making saponified rayon. The cuprammonium process, duplicated in this activity, represents one of the earliest methods for rayon production, although it is now less cost-effective than some alternative methods. This process involves converting cellulose into a soluble compound by combining it with copper and ammonia. Initially known as artificial silk or wood silk, rayon is classified as a regenerated fiber because cellulose is transformed into a liquid compound and then back into cellulose in the form of fiber. For instance, cuprammonium rayon is produced by dissolving cellulose in an ammoniacal copper sulfate solution. 5  PROCEDURE A. Preparation of Schweitzer’s Solution Copper sulphate (20g) was weighed and transferred to a beaker containing 100ml distilled water and 15ml of dilute H2SO4. The solution was stirred to obtain a clear solution. To this 11 ml of liquor ammonia was added drop by drop with stirring. The precipitate of cupric hydroxide is separated out and filtered and washed with water. The precipitate was dissolved liquor ammonia to obtain a deep blue solution of tetraamine cupric hydroxide. This is known as Schweitzer’s solution. B. Preparation of Cellulose material 2g of paper materials cut into small pieces and transferred to conical flask to this tetra-ammine cupric hydroxide solution was added. The flask was caped and kept for 15 days, during this period the paper is dissolved completely. C. Formation of Rayon Thread Distilled water (50ml) was taken in the beaker, to this 20ml conc. Sulphuric acid was added drop wise and the syringe (10ml) was filled with the solution. The beaker contained sulphuric acid, and was cooled in ice. The tip of the syringe was immersed in sulphuric acid solution and pressed gently. In an acid bath, the fiber formed slowly. The fiber was decolorized and became strong enough The solution was filtered and washed 6 with distilled water, to obtain rayon fiber.  OBSERVATION Weight of filter paper taken = ………. gm Weight of rayon filament obtained = ………. gm Maximum length of the filament = ………. cm 7  PRECAUTIONS Addition of excess NH should be avoided. Before taking the viscose in the syringe make sure that it does not contain any particles of paper otherwise it would clog the needle of the syringe. Addition of NH should be done in a fume cupboard and with extreme care. The fumes if inhaled may cause dizziness. Use a thick needle otherwise the fibers won’t come out 8  CONCLUSION Rayon was successfully formed by the Cuprammonium method. And observed 3-4 days after the solution was prepared. 9  BIBLIOGRAPHY G.T. Austin. Cyclic Intermediates and dyes, Shreve’s Chemical Process Industries V th Edition, McGraw Hill International editions, (1984) 772. J. Gordon Cook, Handbook of Textile fibers, II Manmade Fibers, 82. Preparation of rayon thread from filter paper by Cynthia Ruscotto, eHow contributor.http;//www.ehow.com/prin www.fibersource.com/ftutor/rayon.htm. Time-Life. Inventive Genius. New York, (1991) 52. http://en.wickipedia.org/wiki/viscose_r ayon. Viscose rayon the oldest manmade fiber- versatile fiber yarn http://www.swicofil.com/viscose.html. J. Lunenschloss, and W. Albrecht. Nonwoven Bonded Fabrics, (1985). http://picsedu4iit.files.wordpress.com/2 009/11/chemistry-projects-part- 1.pdf. Comprehensive Practical Chemistry XII Teachers 10