Chemistry Investigatory Project: Rayon from Filter Paper

Project Title

• Chemistry Investigatory Project
• Preparation of Rayon Thread from Filter Paper

Submitted By

• Student's Name: [missing]
• Class: [missing]
• Section: [missing]
• Session: 2023-2024
• AISSCE Roll No: [missing]

Certificate

• The project was carried out during 2023-2024.
• The data collection and project were completed satisfactorily.
• The project is titled "Preparation of Rayon thread from filter paper using Cuprammonium process."
• Completed by a student in class XII Science, [missing student data]
• Reviewed by the External Examiner (Chemistry Teacher) and the Principal

Acknowledgement

• Success of the project depended on guidance from teachers and laboratory staff.
• Deep gratitude to chemistry teacher Mr. S.K. Maity and lab attendant Mrs. Susmita Naskar for guidance and support.
• Valuable guidance, support, and supervision from both are appreciated.
• Thanks to parents and friends for their support and encouragement

Contents

• Aim of the experiment: Page 1
• Materials required: Page 2
• Abstract: Page 3
• Introduction: Pages 4-5
• Procedure: Page 6
• Observation: Page 7
• Precautions: Page 8
• Conclusion: Page 9
• Bibliography: Page 10

Aim of the Experiment

• To prepare rayon thread from filter paper using the Cuprammonium process

Materials Required

• Chemicals:
  • Copper sulfate (CuSO4)
  • Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution
  • Ammonia solution (Liquor ammonia)
  • Dilute sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
  • Distilled water (H₂O)
• Apparatus:
  • Conical flask (250 ml)
  • Funnel
  • Glass rod
  • Beaker (250 ml)
  • Water bath
  • Filter paper (Whatman or ordinary filter paper)

Abstract

• Rayon is a man-made fiber from regenerated cellulose.
• It has a similar structure to cellulose.
• It imitates natural fibers like silk, wool, cotton, and linen.
• Rayon was developed in the late 19th century as a synthetic alternative to silk.
• The process involves converting cellulose into a liquid compound, extruding it and reconverting it back to a fiber-like form.
• Early methods used nitric acid.

Introduction

• Rayon production can be continuous or in batches.
• Batch process is more flexible for varied rayon types.
• Uniformity across batches is challenging with batch process.
• Continuous process is the main method.
• Three methods of rayon production: viscose, cuprammonium, and saponified cellulose acetate.
• Viscose rayon is important in nonwoven fabrics.
• Rayon characteristics include high absorbency, softness, comfort, easy dyeing, and good drapability.

High Tenacity Rayon

• Higher strength and lower stretch than regular rayon.
• Four main methods: nitrocellulose, viscose, cuprammonium, and saponified.

Cuprammonium Process

• One of the earliest rayon methods.
• Less cost-effective than some newer methods.
• Involves cellulose conversion to a soluble compound using copper and ammonia.
• Rayon is initially known as artificial silk or wood silk.
• Cellulose is transformed into a liquid compound and back into a fiber form.
• The process dissolves cellulose in an ammoniacal copper sulfate solution.

Procedure (A, B, and C)

• (A) Preparation of Schweitzer’s Solution:* Details involving copper sulfate, distilled water, sulfuric acid, ammonia, precipitation and dissolving of cupric hydroxide. This forms the Schweitzer's solution.
• (B) Preparation of Cellulose Material:* Preparing cellulose from filter paper and dissolving it in the Schweitzer’s solution for a specific duration.
• (C) Formation of Rayon Thread:* Further steps including filling the syringe, immersion in acid, fiber formation and washing.

Observation

• Weight of filter paper
• Weight of rayon filament obtained
• Maximum length of the filament

Precautions

• Avoid excess ammonia addition.
• Filter paper should not contain any particles as it can clog the syringe.
• Handle ammonia carefully in a fume hood to prevent dizziness.
• Use a thick syringe needle for fiber extraction.

Conclusion

• Rayon was successfully produced using the Cuprammonium method.
• Observed 3–4 days after the solution was prepared.

Bibliography

• Various sources are listed. (Specific titles and URLs are included in the provided OCR text). These are academic articles, books, and websites.

This project explores the preparation of rayon threads from filter paper using the cuprammonium process. The investigation highlights the chemical processes involved and aims to provide insights into the synthesis and properties of rayon. The project was completed as part of the Class XII Science curriculum during the 2023-2024 academic session.