Process-of-Communication.pptx

COMMUNICATION  OBJECTIVE S At the end of this lesson, you should be able to: define communication; understand communication process and; differentiate verbal from nonverbal communication. Communication is the transmission of ideas and emotions b...

COMMUNICATION  OBJECTIVE S At the end of this lesson, you should be able to: define communication; understand communication process and; differentiate verbal from nonverbal communication. Communication is the transmission of ideas and emotions between or among persons with the use of verbal and nonverbal cues. Communication is a two-way process of connecting to both living and non- living things. It is also a means of sharing and exchanging messages, information, ideas, and feelings for mutual understanding (Gregoriom, J.C., 2015). The word communication comes from the latin word communis, which means "common." To be common means to come together or to share something in common together. Communication helps people to adapt to or survive in the place they live in. Let us further define communication using the two key terms stated above, "message” and “understand”. 1. Communication is a message understood. Unless a message is understood, we cannot say that communication has taken place. Let us send a message to someone and say, “where came first”. The person who gets this message would wonder what it means, for the arrangement of the words does not make any sense. The message is sent but the receiver does not understand it. Therefore, for communication to take place, we have to consider two conditions. First, there should be a clear message. Second, the message must be understood by the receiver for whom it is meant. 2. Communication is social interaction through messages. Think of someone telling, “It is very warm today.” In this case, we are communicating what ‘we experience’. The weather being warm is what we feel or experience physically. In this scenario, we are sharing our feeling or experience with someone else. Thus, we may say that “communication is a sharing of experience.” In our society, we all interact with messages. Without interactions, a society cannot survive. Social interaction is always through messages.  VERBAL COMMUNICATION Verbal communication, also called spoken communication, is the process or act of conveying one's thoughts or ideas using speech. Sounds and language are used for relaying the message that one needs others to know.  EXAMPLES Telephone conversations Job interviews Speeches Classroom Teaching Casual Conversations  NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION Nonverbal communication refers to the use of wordless cues in order to convey a message. These cues include facial expressions, hand gestures, body language, and the tone, pitch, and volume of voice. Even when one is using words, there is also nonverbal communication involved.  EXAMPLES Shaking your head Smiling Blank stare  PROCESS OF COMMUNICATION The communication process starts with a stimulus, an idea or a concept that is activated by the sender. The sender encodes the message into words and expresses his thoughts in proper sequence. The message is then heard and interpreted or decoded by the receiver. After that, the receiver provides feedback and becomes a sender. The first sender then receives the feedback and decodes its message to provide feedback. As the communication transaction continues, the sender and receiver may exchange roles until understanding is achieved. Barriers to communication sometimes block the transmission of the message thereby creating misunderstanding. Through this process, we are able to understand that communication is systematic. In the advent of technology, the exchange of information and messages in society has advanced and has been a subject of many studies. QUESTIONS???  OBJECTIVE S At the end of this lesson, you should be able to: define communication; understand communication process and; differentiate verbal from nonverbal communication. COMMUNICATION MODELS A. Linear Model The linear communication model presents communication as a one- way activity in which information flows from the sender to the receiver. This process shows only a passive receiver. Feedback is not a requirement, and the role of the receiver is only to accept information. Shannon-Weaver Model An example of linear type of communication is the Shannon-Weaver model (1949). It is also considered as the mother of all communication models. It has a one-way process starting from a source (producer of message); passing through a channel (signals adapted for transmission) which may at times be interrupted by noise (barrier) to a receiver (decoder of message from the signal). The process stops after the message has arrived at its destination.  Examples: 1. listening to the radio 2. watching the news on television B. Interactive Mode The interactive communication model shows a two-way activity. The sender and the receiver have the same role in the activity: either one comes up with an idea, sends a message, and reacts to a concept. The model involves feedback, an element missing from the linear communication model. It may also include noise, an element that affects the interpretation of the message. Schramm Model Schramm (1954) visualized the process of communication as an exchange of thoughts and ideas. Feedback was added to the Shannon- Weaver model. The recipient of the message decodes it and creates a feedback based on his understanding of the information sent and vice versa. The figure identifies the six elements of communication which are the sender, the message sent, the receiver and the feedback provided by the receiver and sent back as a response to the sender and the processes of encoding and decoding.  Examples: 1. Telephone Conversation 2. Interview 3. Casual Conversation C. Transactional Model The transactional model presents communication not only as a two-way process but also a simultaneous activity. Senders and receivers are called participants since they are both capable of sending or receiving messages anytime or at the same time. The noise and the environment are the other elements that affect the process. The noise is any distraction that affects the interpretation of the message. In this concept, the noise or barrier to communication is also taken into consideration for it may directly or indirectly affect the smooth flow of communication. In the event that the message was not clearly conveyed due to the barrier, the communication continues in order to clarify the intended meaning of the sender. Helical Model The helical model has basic elements that are similar to the other communication models. However, unlike those models, it promotes an upward and forward movement. It shows that knowledge increases as the interaction goes on. Also, the helical model proposes that communication starts at birth and evolves as one grows up, and that one's responses depend on past experiences. So, there is not only a forward movement in the process but also some looking back involved.  Example: 1. The learning of a new word QUESTIONS???  ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION  Participants The participants are the communicators who can be both senders and receivers. A sender transmits the information to the receiver, and the receiver decodes the message in order to formulate a response.  Context Context refers to the interrelated conditions affecting the message. These include physical, social, psychological, and cultural factors. Physical context refers to the place, time, environment, and distance between communicators. Social context refers to the relationship of the communicators, whereas psychological context refers to their moods and feelings. Cultural context includes the beliefs and norms of the participants.  Message The main point of having communication is the message. The message is the idea or information that the sender would like to convey to the receiver. It is thus important that the message is stated clearly and in a way that is understandable to the receiver.  Channel The channel is the means of delivering the message. It can be a face-to-face conversation, a letter, a phone call, an e-mail, or the social media.  Feedback The feedback is the response of the receiver. This helps the sender of the message to determine whether the message was understood by the receiver. If the participants of the conversation continue giving feedback, the flow of communication continues. QUESTIONS???