Communication Process PDF

NATURE & ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION PROCESS LEARNING OUTCOME: 1. Define what is communication; 2. Identify and explain the various communication modes and how they help in expressing one‘s communication intent; 3. Focus on the nature of verbal & nonverbal communication.  W...

NATURE & ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION PROCESS LEARNING OUTCOME: 1. Define what is communication; 2. Identify and explain the various communication modes and how they help in expressing one‘s communication intent; 3. Focus on the nature of verbal & nonverbal communication.  WHAT IS COMMUNICATION?  Latin word “Communis” - common Communicating becomes essential in the human civilization on exchanging of information, sharing thoughts, and expressing oneself.  Communication can be defined as the process of transmitting information and common understanding from one person to another (Keyton, 2011) Context is the circumstances or environment in which communication takes place. physical or actual setting, the value positions of a speaker/listener, relevance or appropriateness of a message conveyed  WHAT ARE THE ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION?  Sender Receiver Message Feedback Channel Encoding Decoding Noise  Humans’ capability to communicate using the inscribed words and use of sounds make us top of the hierarchy of all living creatures. What is Language?  What is Language? vehicle for communication It is a system of conventional spoken, manual, or written symbols by means of which human beings, as members of a social group and participants in its culture, express themselves Function of Language expression of identity, play, imaginative expression, and emotional release. When people use language, they can understand each other because they belong to the same speech community.  Language Acquisition - people acquire the languages used by those in the community. Mother tongue - acquired while growing up Second language – acquired for various reason Language learning - studying formally in school or informally on their own. TYPES OF COMMUNICATION according to mode use of words/speech in sharing information with other people. Verbal Communication TYPES OF COMMUNICATION according to mode Non-verbal Communication Transmitting messages without using words Conveyed as visual cues Body language and facial expression. What encompasses Nonverbal Communication?  What encompasses Nonverbal Communication? 1. Kinesics “body language”/affective displays Deals with physical movement, deals with posture in standing and sitting. Use of smiling, frowning and giggling. Associated with the use of emblems. 2. OCCULESICS Closely related to kinesics/sub-category. Deals with eye behavior as an element of communication. Difficult to predict its exact communication impact. 3. PROXEMICS refers to the study of how space and distance influence communication. Closeness between and among people when they speak. Deals with the effectiveness of space in a social setting. 3. Proxemics PUBLIC SPACE (12 feet) SOCIAL SPACE (4-12 ft) PERSONAL SPACE (18 inch. – 4 ft) INTIMATE SPACE (0-18 inch.) 4. HAPTICS Sense of touch It is also one of the most powerful of the types of non-verbal communication. Touch can comfort, encourage, dissuade, or aggravate. a. Mediterranean/Middle East and Latin American culture - employ much social touching called high contact: (embraces & hand-holding) b. North America & Northern Europe - Moderate-touch culture. - touching is used only occasionally (handshake, shoulder touching, back slapping) c. Asia & Northen Asia - Low contact culture. - But, people in the Philippines use a large amount of social touching in a conversation and social interaction. 5. VOCALICS Called “paralanguage” Deals with vocal cues, nonphonemic quality of language. (accent, loudness, tempo, pitch, tone). Vocal characterizers – laughing, crying and yawning. **Arab cultures speaking loudly connotes sincerity** 6. CHRONEMICS Deals with the use of time. Formal time = measured in minutes, hours, days. Informal time = measured relative to seasons, social customs, lunar cycle, Involves punctuality, emphasis on schedule and promptness, 7. OLFACTICS Deals with smells Include the use of perfumes and spices. Often associated with proxemics. The closer the people are in communication, the more likely that the smell will be relevant. TYPES OF COMMUNICATION according to MODE Visual Communication uses visuals to convey information and/or messages signs, symbol, imagery, maps, graphs, charts, diagrams, pictograms, photos, drawings or illustrations, and even various forms of electronic communication.  They should pay attention to graphic elements, such as position, color, size, shape and orientation as all these play an important role in the presentation of slides. Audience size should be considered as well when preparing slide presentations or other forms of visuals.  TYPES OF COMMUNICATION according to CONTEXT Intrapersonal Communication Latin prefixes intra- means within or inside. talking to oneself/self or inner talk, inner dialogue. include self-talk, acts of imagination and visualization, and even recall and memory (McLean, 2005)  GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION Know your purpose in communicating. Are you communicating basically: to inform, to entertain, or to persuade? 2. Know your audience Consider the age, educational background, profession, culture, and other salient features of your listeners or readers. 3. Know your topic You communicate essentially because you want to share something. In speaking situations, speakers are invited because they have something to share 4. Adjust your speech or writing to the context of the situation The environment in which your speech or writing is to be delivered determines the kind of language you will use 5. Work on the feedback given to you Once you receive comments from the listeners/readers, work on them. Take kindly to criticisms.