Problem 4 Part 1 2024 Exam - Cholinergic Drugs

Cholinergic Esters Alkaloids drugs Direct Cholinergic Cholinomimetics Indirect a...

Cholinergic Esters Alkaloids drugs Direct Cholinergic Cholinomimetics Indirect antagonists Lipid Lipid soluble insoluble receptors cholinergic & cholinomimetics cholinergic & antagonist I direct indirect ↓ esters alkaloid lipid lipid soluble insoluble 1  Cholinergic antagonists muse Nm – Neuromuscular blockers Muscarinic Nicotinic (Unit VIII) receptor receptor Nn – Ganglion blockers (Obsolete) antagonists antagonists in Ganglion both sympathetic and parasympathetic 2  Muscarinic receptor antagonists Plants , animals modified artificial Natural Semi-synthetic Synthetic Atropine Homatropine Tropicamide Hyoscine/ Ipratropium Cyclopentolate Scopolamine Tiotropium Glycopyrrolate Clidinium Dicyclomine Trihexyphenidyl antagonist of ach in muscarinic receptors 3  Atropine sulphate Hyoscine bromide Non-selective muscarinic blocker More potent anticholinergic More anticholinergic activity in activity in the eyes. the heart, bronchial smooth CNS depressant at low doses. muscles & secretory glands. Motion sickness I It's to block going mi , m2 , m3 hyosine used as transdermal to fasten heartrate patch for motion sickness givin - for emergency times - m2 : to increase R - m1 : stops salivation was m1 in suicidal girl exsesively stimulated thus she had lacrimation. then she was atropine givin 4  & stops the effects of muscurinic receptors Atropine is administered in cases of drugs/agents producing excess cholinergic activity. Organophosphate poisoning General anesthetics Increased secretions Bradycardia in the lungs Neostigmine uses: Atropine is used as a pre- Atropine blocks the anesthetic medication muscarinic receptors Atropine is used to block side effects of general anesthetics 5  Atropine as a mydriatic… Anticholinergics Duration of mydriasis Atropine 10-15 days Homatropine 6-48 hours Cyclopentolate 12 hours Tropicamide 6 hours - Atropine cause mydriasis blocks m3 receptor - 6 Expharm software https://heb-nic.net.in/Ex-Pharm/index.php Username: argu Password: argu01 ↑ rabbit eye expirement 7 True or False… Atropine sulphate activates M2 receptor. false , blocks The receptor blocked by atropine sulphate is a ligand-gated ion channel. false , g-protein Nicotinee ligand gated muscurinic - G Protein Atropine sulphate blocks Nn receptor. false , muscurinic Atropine sulphate is used for treating tachycardia. false , treats bradycardia by Increasing heartrate Atropine sulphate is a miotic. false , mydriatic Tropicamide is a long-acting mydriatic. false short , acting ↑ Its the shortest one - atropine longest 8 Drugs related to adrenergic system related to sympathetic nervous system 9  gurine retention eyes mydriasis al , inhibits < release of NT in heart 2 , Increase HR Bronchodilation bronchiole, bronchodilation Uterine relaxation Buterine relaxation 10  Drugs related to Noradrenaline synthesis HowIts taken back Sympathetic nT : NE NE is synthesised from tyrosine It's taken back (reuptake mechanism) Patient with depression have low NE 11  Adrenergic drugs Adrenergic Sympathomimetics antagonists ↑ produce effect to effects of simular antagonist of the sympathetic effect system 12  Mixed that have catecholamine agents catechcolamine ring : ones without ring = non-Catecholamine catecholamine have hydroxyl group , thus their lipophilicity is Poor , so cannot be given orally more llpophilicity = better absorption catecholamine have no lipophilicity So its give Parentally not orally 13  Sympathomimetics – Mechanisms of action Amphetamine, Unit IX Cocaine Ephedrine not for memoration Hypotension during spinal anesthesia 1 direct acting : receptor meant for will bind to noradrenalne Alpha , beta know this Inhibition of reuptake transporter acting :. 2 indirectly So NE will stay in Synapse , will have more effect on I Alpha , beta - med Student tookIt for weight-loss 3 : mixed acting ephedrine : -used to lower hypotension 14  Ephedrine exhibits tachyphylaxis Dose Dose · As dose increase , response increase then reach plater so however much is added there wont be Increase - increasing close to see same effect Tachyphylaxis is a medical term describing an acute, sudden decrease in response to a drug after its administration; i.e. a rapid and short-term onset of drug tolerance. It can occur after an initial dose or after a series of small doses. Increasing the dose of the drug may be able to restore the original response. 15  Bronchial asthma Inotrope Salbutamol Unit II Anti-hypertensives Dobutamine Unit III Nasal decongestants Isoprenaline Clonidine Unit III Vasopressors Xylometazoline, phenylephrine Unit II Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, Dopamine Unit II, III to know the names not expected non-selective alpha agonist are used as vasopressors Alpha one selective agonist used - as nasal decongestant - Alpha 2-antihypertension Beta 2 : bronchodilation-anti asthma drug - 16 Apa beta 17 Receptor selectivity of vasopressors Not useful in the treatment of ______ No Beta-2 but alpha-1, so will be a better __________ than epinephrine. - epinephrine works on every alpha beta norepinephrine works on all except B2 so - , won't administer It to asthma patients - norepinephrine is better for vasoconstriction , it can constrict and no dilitation. - Patient with hypotension is given horepinephrine 18  Adrenergic drugs Adrenergic Sympathomimetics antagonists 19  Unit III Unit III Unit IX the names - no need to memorize - but we have drugs that block alpha and beta blockers that end with beta drugs 101 are blockers - - beta blockers are good anti-anxiety drug 101 makes me social thus i laugh - : 20 Questions/Clarifications: Office @ 2-063; Student office hours: Sunday 8-10 AM. Email: [email protected] Telephone: 17239794 21