Principles of Ethics PowerPoint Presentation
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Suez Canal University
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Dr. / Zainab Mohamed Hassan
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This presentation outlines the principles of ethics in nursing practice, including topics such as accountability, beneficence, fidelity, non-maleficence, veracity, and justice. It also addresses challenges in applying ethical principles and offers strategies for overcoming them.
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Principles of Ethics By Dr /Zainab Mohamed Hassan :Learning Objectives By the end of this topic, the student will be able to: 1. List goals of ethics education 2. List fundamental principles of ethics 3. Identify the most common challenges you will face while applying the e...
Principles of Ethics By Dr /Zainab Mohamed Hassan :Learning Objectives By the end of this topic, the student will be able to: 1. List goals of ethics education 2. List fundamental principles of ethics 3. Identify the most common challenges you will face while applying the ethical principles in nursing and how to overcome them Introduction Principles are complementary and interrelated. Each principle is to be considered in the context of the other principles, as appropriate and relevant in the circumstances. This complementarity is a requirement to reach harmony. When reflecting on an issue, the principles that form the basis of the reflection may well be different and sometimes conflicting, but the essence of bioethics is to assemble the Goals of Ethics Education To appreciate يرفعthe ethical dimensions of patient care. To understand ethical principles of medical profession. To have competence in core ethical behavioral skills (Obtaining informed consent, assessing decision-making capacity, discussing resuscitation status and use of life sustaining treatments, advanced care planning, breaking bad news and effective communication) To know the commonly encountered ethical The Fundamental Principles of Ethics 1- Accountability: Professional accountability, one of the important ethical principles in nursing is defined as "being answerable to oneself and others for one's own actions." Nurses are accountable for their actions when caring for patients and must accept the personal and professional The Importance of Accountability in Nursing Practice Accountability build stronger nurse-patient relationships based on increased trust and reduced fear. Accountable nurses demonstrate higher quality job performance, which benefits patients, peers, organizations, and the profession. Nurses who act with a high level of accountability are more likely to succeed in their roles. As a nurse, if you take personal responsibility for your actions, right or wrong, employers and peers appreciate you and your efforts, increasing your chance for success. An Example of How Accountability Is ?Applied in Nursing Practice The scope of practice describes the care and services a qualified health professional is competent to perform and permitted to accept within the terms of their professional license. Each state's legislature (government) passes a "Nurse Practice Act." Regulatory bodies then create and implement The Consequences of Lack of Accountability in Nursing Practice Nurses must understand their roles and perform within their scope of practice to prevent risks to patients, themselves, and their organization. The following are a few examples of the far-reaching consequences of nurses failing to be accountable. Poor nurse-patient relationships: Patients expect nurses to provide quality, professional care to promote their well-being and improve their health. Nurses who do not demonstrate accountability lack Reprimand دد#مهat work and/or loss of job: Depending on the level of unaccountability, nurses could face a reprimand from management or risk losing their jobs. Loss of nursing license: Serious cases of lack of accountability resulting in patient harm may lead to disciplinary action through the state board of nursing or loss of licensure. Beneficence -2 Is defined as charity (aid) and kindness and is demonstrated by nursing actions that benefit others. The ethical principle of beneficence is a quality requiring nurses to act with genuine care, concern, and generosity regarding the welfare of others, acting with the best interest of patients in The Importance of Beneficence in Nursing Practice Beneficence in nursing practice ensures the nurse considers the individual circumstances of each patient, recognizing that what is good or helpful for one patient may not be the best option for another. The principle of beneficence requires nurses to provide nursing care to the best of their ability, Example of How Beneficence Is ?Applied in Nursing Practice The most common acts of beneficence involve simple acts of kindness, such as holding a patient's hand, offering to sit with a loved one, or ensuring privacy for patients and loved ones as they say their final goodbyes. The Consequences of Lack of Beneficence in Nursing Practice A lack of beneficence can be leading to: Increased Risk to Patient Safety: Safety events may include medication errors, not using the most appropriate equipment, or failure to chart vital information. Poor Nurse-Patient Relationships: Unfortunately, poor nurse-patient relationships tend to have a snowball effect, resulting in a lack of compliance on the patient's part and a risk of poor patient outcomes. Fidelity(Loyalty) -3 Fidelity is the act of being faithful (true)and keeping one's promises. It is demonstrated by offering support and loyalty to a person, cause, or belief. The Importance of Fidelity in Nursing Practice In nursing practice, fidelity supports fulfilling professional commitments and being trustworthy. Fidelity in nursing is associated with more positive patient outcomes, increased patient satisfaction scores, and more trusting relationships. An Example of How Fidelity Is Applied ?in Nursing Practice Nurses demonstrate the ethical principle of fidelity by meeting the reasonable expectations of their role and the nursing profession. Simple acts such as following up on medication or treatments or delegating a job to appropriate staff are ways to show fidelity in nursing practice. The Consequences of Lack of Fidelity in Nursing Practice Lack of fidelity in nursing practice leading to: Poor Nurse-Patient Relationships: Failure to demonstrate fidelity in nursing leaves patients questioning whether the nurse is dedicated to their care or has their best interests at heart, negatively impacting nurse- patient relationships. Patient Non-Compliance: When patients feel a lack of trust in their nurses, it leads to non-compliance with treatment plans, which negatively impacts patient outcomes. Individual Responsibility and -4 :Autonomy Individual Responsibilities: The nurses' responsibility is to care for the patient. Nurses must take responsibility for their nursing acts because they are ultimately in charge of the patient's care. Autonomy: Nurses require more autonomy because they are not the doctor's servant. They should be permitted to make common The Importance of Autonomy in Nursing Practice The following are a few reasons why autonomy is important in nursing practice. Autonomy helps nurses strengthen their critical thinking and decision-making skills. Nurses who practice with autonomy typically have more An Example of How Autonomy Is ?Applied in Nursing Practice Any time a nurse acts within their scope of practice and knowledge to perform a patient care task independently, this is considered an act of autonomy in nursing practice. Nurses can demonstrate autonomy by administering PRNوفG الموصmedications, delegating tasks to appropriate personnel, and checking vital signs when a patient's condition concerns them. The Consequences of Lack of Autonomy in Nursing Practice The following are a few consequences of lack of autonomy in nursing practice. Nurse burnout: Nurses who experience a lack of autonomy, whether it is related to their choice not to exercise autonomy or because of employer restrictions, experience burnout at a much higher rate than nurses who have higher levels of autonomy. Depersonalized patient care: The absence of autonomy in nursing often leaves nurses feeling their knowledge and skills underappreciated. Unfortunately, this can lead Non-maleficence -5 عدم االذي Non-maleficence is one of the ethical principles in nursing that means to do no harm to others. This principle involves actions by which a positive effect is intended and expected, and any risk of harm is outweighed by the likelihood that no harm will come to the patient or nurse. The Importance of Non-maleficence in Nursing Practice No maleficence in nursing is a vital part of safe, effective, and high-quality patient care. Intentionally exercising no maleficence helps the nurse ensures every possible effort is made to protect patient safety and improve patient outcomes. Example of How No maleficence is ?applied in Nursing Practice No maleficence in nursing may include measures such as withholding a medication until a patient’s allergies are confirmed, stopping a medication that is causing adverse reactions, or discontinuing a treatment strategy that seems to be causing more harm than good to the patient. the Consequences of Lack of no maleficence in Nursing Practice Here are a few examples of what happens when there is a lack of no maleficence in nursing. Increased Risk to Patient Safety: When nurses fail to practice non-maleficence, the risk of medication errors and other safety risks increase. Loss of Job or License: Failure to be careful to act with non-maleficence in every nursing action, resulting in patient or employee harm, could cause severe consequences for the nurse, including loss of job or loss of nursing license if the harm is severe. Veracity(truth).6 المصداقية The principle of veracity requires nurses to be completely honest with patients. It means telling the truth, even if the truth may cause the patient distress The Importance of Veracity in Nursing Practice It helps bind and strengthen nurse- patient relationships, which are essential in developing treatment plans and establishing attainable goals. Veracity in nurses helps promote patient An Example of How Veracity Is Applied ?in Nursing Practice Mr. Douglas has congestive heart failure and lung cancer that has metastasized to his spine. After the doctor leaves, Mrs. Douglas questions the nurse stating, "As soon as we get him home, the hospice people will take good care of him. He will be better in no time, right?" The nurse understands that Mrs. Douglas is grasping for hope and wants the nurse to give her something to cling to. However, the principle of veracity demands the nurse to explain what the doctor said to Mrs. Douglas without giving her false hope. The Consequences of Lack of Veracity in Nursing Practice A lack of veracity in nursing practice can cause more problems than good. Ineffective Nurse-Patient Communication: When nurses are dishonest with patients and family members, it creates barriers to effective communication, which complicates patient care even more. Poor Nurse-Patient Relationships: Poor nurse-patient relationships make it difficult to communicate patient needs and care plans, and non-compliance leads to poor patient outcomes. 7. Justice Justice is one of the ethical principles in nursing concerned with the act of being fair or impartial. Nurses must make impartial decisions about patient care without showing partiality due to a patient's age, ethnicity, economic status, religion, or sexual orientation The Importance of Justice in Nursing Practice The ethical nursing principle of justice is centered on achieving and maintaining equity, obligation, and fairness in nursing by applying moral rules, principles, and standards. An Example of How Justice Is Applied in Nursing Practice? Applying justice in nursing practice means treating patients fairly. Fairness means providing the same quality of care for all patients. The Consequences of Lack of Justice in Nursing Practice A few examples of what could happen if nurses do not apply justice in their practices. Not Prioritizing Care: Justice in clinical practice involves acting fairly and requires nurses to utilize critical thinking and decision- making skills. Without utilizing those skills to implement justice, it is possible that treatment for patients requiring priority care could be delayed. Patients May Feel Rejected: Without justice, nurses may show partiality to one patient or population over another. Informed Consent -8 Informed consent is the process in which a health care provider educates a patient about the risks, benefits, and alternatives of a given procedure or intervention. Truth-Telling.9 Truth-telling is a vital component in a nurse-patient relationship; without this component, the nurse loses the trust of the patient. An autonomous patient has not only the right to know (disclosure) of his/her diagnosis and prognosis, but also has the option to forgo this disclosure. However, the nurse must know which of these 2 options the patient prefers. Example: The sad consequences of not telling the truth regarding a cancer include depriving the patient of an opportunity for completion of important life-tasks: giving advice to, and taking leave of loved ones, putting financial affairs in order…; Providing full information, with tact and sensitivity, to patients who want to know should be the standard. Privacy and confidentiality.10 The privacy of the persons concerned and the confidentiality of their personal information should be respected. Privacy has been defined as the control of a situation, freedom of choice, mutual interaction, avoidance of communication and an unreachable area. Additionally, privacy may be defined as a restriction put by an individual on access to his/her bodily and mental integrity. Information privacy is defined as the client’s right to control how their personal health :Confidentiality Indicates that people have a right to expect that information given to a healthcare professional is only used for the reason it was given but also that it will not be disclosed without permission. Lack of/ Breaching Confidentiality and Privacy A breach occurs when a client’s personal health information is disclosed to a third party without their consent. This includes: Sharing information with others who are not part of the healthcare team caring for the client. Accessing client records at the request of another health care provider who is not currently a member of the client’s health care team. Accessing client records of family or friends, when the nurse is not a member of the client’s health care team. Equality and equity -11 Equality : Equality is the state of being equal, especially in status, rights and opportunities. Equality means each individual or group of people is given the same resources and opportunities, regardless of their circumstances. Equity: Health equity is achieved when everyone has a fair and just opportunity to be as healthy as possible. Nurses have the potential to reshape the landscape of health equity over the next decade by expanding their roles, working in new settings and in new ways, and markedly expanding efforts to partner with communities and other sectors. Non-discrimination and Non-.12 stigmatization Non-discrimination: The concept of nondiscrimination is a social as well as a legal concept of long standing within human rights law. It requires the equal treatment of an individual or group irrespective of their particular characteristics. Non-Stigmatization: Stigmatization of patients exists in nursing and results in less than optimal nursing care and poor patient outcomes. It is also a violation of our code of ethics. Devoting attention to and reframing normative behavioral expectations, eliminating labelingاتGGG طبق, developing empathyاسGG حس, focusing on relationships, and cultivating ethical comportment and moral maturity during nursing formation may reduce the stigmatization of patients by nurses. Respect for Cultural Diversity and.13 Pluralism االختالفات Cultural diversity refers to the presence of diverse cultures in a society where people from different community irrespective of caste, creed, language, religion and race live together. Respecting cultural diversity is to appreciate and value the diverse culture in a society. We should have a proper knowledge and understanding of the cultures which is not ours because it is necessary in order Cultural pluralism is a term used when smaller groups within a larger society maintain their unique cultural identities, whereby their values and practices are accepted by the dominant culture, provided such are consistent with the laws and values of the wider society. most common challenges you will face while 5 applying the ethical principles in nursing and how to overcome them Challenge #1: Knowing where to draw the line between autonomy and beneficence What is it? The challenge arises when the patient's wishes and what the nurse feels is best for the patient do not agree. How to Overcome: If the patient's wishes conflict with what medical professionals feel is in the patient's best interest, nurses and other healthcare workers should make every effort to educate the patient and ensure his understanding of the implications of their decisions. However, if the patient is competent and of legal age, his wishes must be upheld. Challenge #2: “Veracity” Deciding whether to withhold information or be honest about a patient’s status or prognosis How to Overcome: Nurses are obligated to be honest with patients, even if the outcome of truthfulness leads to distress or sadness. It may be easier to approach difficult conversations or situations if you have a charge nurse with you. Also, if the patient has a family member or loved one who can be present with them, it may make it easier for them to deal with the situation. Challenge #3: Supporting Autonomy Related to Informed Consent Challenges to patient autonomy may arise related to informed consent. How to Overcome: Nurses can overcome this challenge by asking the patient and/or family questions about the education they received and offering them opportunities to ask questions and clarify any information. The nurse should ensure the patient understands details of the treatment plans, benefits and risks, and expected outcomes. This allows the patient to Challenge #4: “Fidelity” Keeping Promises When Your Circumstances Change What is it? Nurses may face challenges with fidelity for several reasons. For example, if the nurse promises to follow up or check on a patient and they are suddenly transferred to another department unless proper follow-through occurs, the patient can feel neglected. How to Overcome: If you give your word to do something for a patient, family member, or team member, it is best to keep your word if possible. However, if circumstances are beyond your control, you can still uphold fidelity by notifying you're the Challenge #5: Determining if Non- maleficence Overrules a Patient’s Right to Privacy What is it? For example, if a patient poses a threat to himself or others, the nurse’s priority is to ensure the safety of the patient and others. If the patient does not give consent to share his information, the nurse faces the dilemma of choosing between non-maleficence and the patient’s right to privacy. How to Overcome: Nurses must weigh the benefits against the risks of any nursing intervention. If the patient Thank you