The Propaganda Movement Presentation PDF

THE PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT OBJECTIVES: 1.Reflect on Rizal’s view of education 2.Familiarize Rizal’s involment in the Propaganda Movement 3.Experience campaigning for reforms in the society. ◦ The march towards liberation from Spaniards is cloaked with intense and dramatic...

THE PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT OBJECTIVES: 1.Reflect on Rizal’s view of education 2.Familiarize Rizal’s involment in the Propaganda Movement 3.Experience campaigning for reforms in the society. ◦ The march towards liberation from Spaniards is cloaked with intense and dramatic struggle, requiring a tasking reflection over the events that unfolds to the present Philippine society. The exploitative and oppressive intrusion made the lower-class, liberal nationalist and conservative upper- class Filipinos to ponder that reforms are impossible and that the only way out to the atrocities and maladies is by declaring dismay and disgust openly. The lower-class Filipinos express their hatred by turning their bolos used for farming into weapons, bamboos into spikes and javelins, and their babaylans into war seer and tasked them to hurl spiritual forces to guide and protect them as they plunge in rage to the abusive Spaniards. The liberal nationalists armed themselves with education and cast their despair in the characters of their books, poems, essays and in forming associations. ◦ Realizing the danger of fighting for their cause on the home front, the sons of wealthy and the well-to-do Filipino families migrated to Europe to breathe a free atmosphere. There, they initiated a sustained campaign for reforms. In the homeland, Filipino's intellectuals secretly collaborated with those in Spain and founded nationalistic societies. Despite the limits on native Filipino education, a selected few to these Filipinos formed an intellectual based which to theorize independence (Constantino, 1975). Not everyone who went abroad was in the Propaganda Movement, some of them were there to study in the hope that they would someday become successful professionals and businessmen. ◦The campaign for reform in the Philippines was known as the Propaganda Movement. The propagandist referred simply to all the activists as Ilustrados, Filipinos who were educated from the universities of Europe, rather than the derogatory connotations that is modern English translation acquired. The propagandist in the Philippines and abroad maintained communication by sending information and materials that are useful in their quest for liberation from the tyrannical regime of Spain (Schumacher, 1964). The Propaganda Movement campaigned for reform with the following demands and Rizal’s position in such campaign (“Jose Rizal: Political and Historical Writings.” 2011): Restoration of Philippine Representation in the Spanish Cortes ◦The Philippines first gained representation by the virtue of the Constitution of 1812 but lost it when the Constitution was abolished. Political developments in Spain in 1821 and in 1837 favored her and again she was allowed to send deputies, but the representation was soon after withdrawn. With a spokesman in that legislative body, Rizal believed that the abuses committed in the Islands could be easily exposed and stopped, thus improving the colonial administration and Spanish relations. ◦The Cortes is the most powerful governmental institution of the state. It is made up of a lower house, the Congress of Deputies, and an upper chamber, the Senate.... It is also the body that is responsible, if necessary, for accusing the prime minister or his ministers of treason or of crimes against the state. ◦ DID YOU KNOW: Spanish Cortes ◦ 12:30 AM January 26, 2017 ◦ The reestablishment of the Cortes (legislative body) of Spain and the restoration of the Constitution of 1812 were proclaimed on March 1821 by King Ferdinand VII. On Jan. 26, 1821, Governor-General Mariano Fernandez de Folgueras and Archbishop Luis de Arejola of the Manila government issued the order for the election of Filipino deputies to the Cortes.—Marielle Medina, Inquirer Research ◦ Read more: https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/865483/did-you-know-spanish-cortes#ixzz7EobHtaUb Follow us: @inquirerdotnet on Twitter | inquirerdotnet on Facebook Extension and improvement of primary education. ◦ Since the promulgation of the Educational Decrees of 1863, some semblance of primary instruction had been given to boys and girls in the town; In Rizal’s opinion, based on his personal observation, it was inadequate to meet the need of the country for useful citizens, and moreover, it was not adapted to Filipino children. He would make the vernacular the language of instruction, and for textbooks he would use booklets on practical subjects, like farming and carpentry. ◦ Vocational education. Schools of arts and trades should be opened in provincial capitals with a population of more than 16,000. Rizal was a strong advocate of vocational education to make the youth useful citizens. He would instill in their minds the dignity of manual labor to eradicate the prevalent notion that it was degrading unbecoming a gentleman. ◦ Reforms in all the branches of the government. There was an urgent need for a sweeping reform of the administration which was riddled with bureaucratic practices that exasperated everyone who had to deal with the government. He would moralize the whole administration. ◦ Equal division of government posts between Filipinos and Spaniards. Rizal demanded that an equal number of Filipinos and Spaniards should fill government positions. It was a very fair demand, from any point of view, and it would assuage the frustration of educated Filipinos who could find no employment after the completion of an expensive education. ◦ ◦In a letter to Bluementritt on January 31, 1889, Rizal explained how to achieve the needed reforms for the Philippines saying that. "we want the happiness of the Philippines, but we want to obtain it through noble and just means, for right is on our side and therefore we ought not to do anything bad. ◦ In a letter to Marcelo H. Del Pilar on June 22, 1889, he also expressed approach to reforms and that using force was a last resort by saying,” we asked nothing for ourselves, we sacrifice everything for the common good, what we have we to fear? We are not revolutionaries, neither do we want blood, nor do we hate anyone, and we shall resort to force only when we have exhausted every other means, when they drive us to the wall, to fight or to die, when God gives every man the right to defend himself as best, he can. The campaign for reform led by patriotic Filipinos in Spain and in the Philippines failed! ◦The possible failures of the movement were the following; ◦1. Spanish officials were busy in their affairs which were deemed more important than the Philippine struggle for recognition; ◦2. Reformist in Spain and in the Philippines were financially constraint, due to scarce source of monetary support; ◦3. Reformist themselves were divided, ◦4. Friars and officials in the Philippines had an influence in Spain’s bureaucracy. ◦In 1889 Graciano Lopez-Jaena, sensing the necessity of a newspaper to promote the interest of the Philippines, he founded the newspaper, La Solidaridad. Aims: 1. To fight reaction; 2. To stop all efforts to keep the Philippines a backward country; 3. To extol liberal ideas 4. To defend progress. The Soli, as refrred to by reformists, became the mouthpiece of the Filipinos in Spain. It published not only news but also essays and articles about the Philippines and Filipinos. In writing for the newspaper, contributors used pen names for security purposes. a. Rizal- Dimasalang and Laong Laan; b. Ponce- Tikbalang, Nuning and Kalipulak; c. Luna- Taga-Ilog; d. Del Pillar - Plaridel ◦La Solidaridad ◦Knowledge acquired by reason will dispel ignorance and thus destroy the greatest evil-fear, whose source is superstition. -Hanna Arendt, The Human Condition Rizal’s articles that appeared in the La Solidaridad were the following (Philippines, 2011) ◦ 1. A la Defensa appeared on April 30, 1889. written in reply to an anti-Filipino article written by Spanish author, Patricio de la Escosura. The article at the end argues that “hatred of the friars will ruin the Philippines. La Solidaridad maintains that Spain must not and cannot cover with her beautiful flag certain rascality to the prejudice of her sons’ overseas. ◦ 2. La Verdad Para todos (The Truth for all) appeared on May 31, 1889. The article was written in defense to the claim that Filipinos officials were ignorant against the claim of La Voz de Espana. It banked on the notion that the sins of the few were attributed to the entire race and the mistaken idea about the Filipino people. ◦ 3.Vicente Barrantes Teatro Tagal, published on June 15, 1889. Rizal exposed the Spanish writer’s ignorance on Tagalog theatrical art, particularly the four articles entitled “ The Tagalog theater” in La Illustracion Artistica of Barcelona by Vicente Barrantes. ◦ 4. Una Profanacion (A Profanation) an article which attacked friars in Calamba for denying a Christian burial to Rizal’s brother-in-law Mariano Herbosa and Isidro Alcala due to cholera on 23 May 1889. ◦ 5.Crueldad (Cruelty, August 15, 1889) Rizal’s defense to the attackers of Professor Blumentritt written written by the pseudonym Manuel de Veras (Manuel Rincon, real name) and published in Manila. Rizal considered the attacks as personal rather than argumentation and reasonable. ◦ As Rizal decided to exclude himself from the propaganda movement, he also stopped writing articles for La Solidaridad, inspite of his friends’ pleading to continue writing and M.H del Pilar’s asking for forgiveness. Rizal pay no heed saying that, “I need to work on my book, EL Filibusterismo; I wanted other Filipinos to work also, and I considered it very important to the party that there be unity in the work ; and you are already at the top, and I also have my own ideas, it is better to leave you alone to direct the policy such as you understand it, and I do not meddle in it. This has two advantages: it leaves both of us free, and it increases your prestige, which is necessary, inasmuch as men of prestige are needed in our country….