Emotional Intelligence Presentation (2024/2025) PDF

‫معتمدة‬ Emotional Intelligence Prepared by G (1) Under supervision Prof. Dr/ Mawaheb Mahmoud Zaki Professor of Psychiatric & Mental Health Nursing...

‫معتمدة‬ Emotional Intelligence Prepared by G (1) Under supervision Prof. Dr/ Mawaheb Mahmoud Zaki Professor of Psychiatric & Mental Health Nursing Faculty of Nursing / Benha University Assist Prof. Dr/ Rehab Elsayed Mohamed Assistant professor of Psychiatric & Mental Health Nursing Faculty of Nursing / Benha University A.L / Abeer Abdelaziz Afifi Assistant lecturer of Psychiatric & Mental Health Nursing Faculty of Nursing / Benha University 1st Term / Fourth year 2024/2025 1  Outlines Of Emotional Intelligence 1. Introduction to Emotional Intelligence 2. Definitions 3. Importance of Emotional Intelligence 4. Theoretical Foundations of Emotional Intelligence 5. The Science Behind Emotional Intelligence Brain and Emotions Primary and Secondary Emotions 6. Components of Emotional Intelligence 7. Factors influencing emotional processing 8. Models of Emotional Intelligence 9. Developing Emotional Intelligence 10. Applications of Emotional Intelligence In Leadership In Education In Relationships 11. Challenges to Emotional Intelligence 2  Emotional intelligence (EI), also known as emotional quotient (EQ), refers to the ability to identify, understand, manage, and influence emotions in oneself and others. Unlike traditional measures of intelligence (IQ), which focus on cognitive abilities, EI emphasizes interpersonal and intrapersonal skills. The concept, popularized by Daniel Goleman in the 1990s, highlights the role emotions play in leadership, personal relationships, decision-making, and overall success. Typically divided into five key areas, self-awareness, self-regulation, motivation, empathy and social skills. Definitions Emotion refers to feelings, emotions, our likes, and dislikes, give our individual lives meaning and cause us to be happy or unhappy, satisfied or dissatisfied. Intelligence is the ability to acquire and apply knowledge and skills. Emotional intelligence is the ability to deal with other people successfully. By understanding one`s own feelings they can understand and evaluate others. Emotional intelligence is the ability to recognize, understand and manage your own emotions as well as being able to understand and influence the emotions of others. It involves being aware that emotions drive behaviors and impact people either positively or negatively. The importance of emotional intelligence: A. The benefits of emotional intelligence in personal development: Improved relationships: Emotionally intelligent individuals are better able to understand and manage their own emotions, which allows them to have more positive and fulfilling relationships with others. Greater self-awareness: Emotional intelligence helps individuals to understand their own emotional states, which in turn allows them to make better decisions and take appropriate actions. 3  Better decision-making: Emotionally intelligent Individuals are better able to evaluate their options and make sound decisions. They can consider not only the facts and logic, but also the emotional impact of their choices. They can understand the emotions that are driving their decision-making, which allows them to make choices that align with their values and priorities. Increased resilience: Emotionally intelligent individuals are better equipped to cope with life's challenges, both big and small. They can manage stress and maintain a positive outlook even in difficult situations. Enhanced communication: Emotionally intelligent individuals possess the ability to communicate effectively and convey their emotions in a way that is understood by others. They can read the emotional cues of others, adapt their communication style, and build trust and understanding with others. B. The benefits of emotional intelligence in professional development: Improved leadership Emotionally intelligent leaders possess the ability to understand and manage emotions of their team members, which allows them to lead more effectively. They are able to create a positive and motivating work environment. Enhanced problem-solving and conflict resolution: Emotionally intelligent individuals are able to solve problems and resolve conflicts in the workplace. They are able to understand emotions of others, which allows them to find creative and effective solutions to problems. 4  Increased job satisfaction: Emotionally intelligent individuals are more satisfied with their jobs, as they are better able to manage stress and navigate the demands of the workplace. They are able to maintain a positive outlook, even in challenging situations. Better teamwork: Emotionally intelligent individuals are better able to work in teams, as they possess the skills to communicate effectively, navigate conflict, and build strong relationships. They are able to create a positive work environment, which leads to more effective teamwork and better outcome Greater influence and negotiation skills: Emotionally intelligent individuals are better able to influence others and negotiate effectively. They are able to read the emotions of others, adapt their communication style, and build trust and understanding. Theoretical foundations of emotional intelligence Several theories have contributed to the development of El, with key perspective originating from psychology, neuroscience, and social sciences. Here are some of the main theoretical foundations: 1. Thorndike's Social Intelligence (1920s): The concept of El can be traced back to Edward Thorndike's idea of social intelligence, which he defined as "the ability to understand and manage people and act wisely in human relations." It laid the groundwork for the later development of emotional intelligence emphasizing the role of understanding social interactions. 2. Ability model: Peter Salovey and John D. Mayer introduced the term "emotional intelligence “in 1990. Their model conceptualized El as a set of skills related to the processing of emotional information, which includes: Perception of emotions: Recognizing emotions in oneself and others. Use of emotions: Harnessing emotions to facilitate cognitive activities like problem-solving. 5  Understanding emotions: Comprehending emotional language and signals Management of emotions: Regulating emotions in oneself and in social interaction 3. Bar-One's Model of Emotional-Social Intelligence (1997) Reuven Bar-On developed a model of emotional-social intelligence that focuses on the ability to effectively understand oneself and others, relate well, and adapt to the surrounding environment. His model comprises five main components: Intrapersonal skills: Self-awareness and self-expression. Interpersonal skills: Social awareness and relationships. Adaptability: Flexibility in coping with change. Stress management: Emotional regulation and impulse control. General mood: Optimism and happiness. 4. Emotional Intelligence and Neuroscience Neuroscientific research has provided insights into the biological underpinnings of emotional intelligence, particularly the role of the amygdala (emotion al processing center) and the prefrontal cortex (decision-making and regulation). This understanding supports the notion that El involves not just psychological skills but also physiological processes. 5. Trait Model Proposed by Petrides and Furnham (2003), this model focuses on emotional self- perceptions and dispositions. It emphasizes the measurement of emotional traits rather than abilities 6. Mixed Models These models combine emotional skills with personality traits. Bar-On's (2006) model, for example, includes components like self-awareness, self-regulation, motivation, empathy, and social skills. The science behind emotional intelligence Emotional intelligence refers to the ability to recognize, understand, manage, and influence one's own emotions and the emotions of others. It has become a critical concept in psychology, especially in relation to interpersonal skiIls and emotional well-being. 6  A. Brain and Emotions: How the Brain Processes Emotions The brain processes emotions through a complex interplay between several regions: 1. The Limbic System: The amygdala is the primary brain structure involved in emotional processing. It helps detect and respond to emotional stimuli, particularly those related to fear, anger, and survival instincts. It plays a crucial role in emotional memory, attaching emotional significance to experiences. The hippocampus, which is closely connected to the amygdala, plays a role in forming emotional memories and linking them to context. It helps in recognizing similar experiences and modulating emotional responses. The hypothalamus regulates autonomic responses, such as increased heart rate or sweating, during emotional arousal. 7  2. Prefrontal Cortex: The prefrontal cortex helps regulate and control emotional responses by allowing for rational thought and decision-making. It helps in emotional regulation, impulse control, and understanding the consequences of actions. Damage to this area can result in poor emotional regulation and decision-making. 3. Anterior Cingulate Cortex This region helps with attention and emotional regulation. It is involved in processing conflicting emotions and is linked to the ability to detect errors and regulate responses. 4. Insula: The insula helps monitor the body's physiological state and produces subjective feelings based on these sensations. It plays a role in processing emotion s related to pain, empathy, and social interactions. The brain processes emotions rapidly, often bypassing higher cognitive centers (as in the case of fear) to produce an immediate reaction. However, more complex emotional understanding requires feedback from the prefrontal cortex to modulate and regulate these responses, leading to emotional intelligence. B. Primary and Secondary Emotions 1. Primary Emotions: Primary emotions are considered innate, universal, and rooted in evolution. They are typically automatic and emerge in response to specific stimuli. These emotions are experienced similarly across cultures and species and include: Fear Anger Happiness Sadness Surprise These emotions are usually short-lived, occurring immediately in response to A trigger. They are seen as basic survival mechanisms that help humans react To their environment. 8  2. Secondary Emotions: Secondary emotions are more complex, often resulting from a combination of primary emotions and influenced by individual experiences, socialization, and cognitive processes. They are shaped by cultural and social norms and can vary between individuals. Examples of secondary emotions include: Guilt Shame Embarrassment Pride Jealousy Gratitude These emotions tend to last longer and are often influenced by personal interpretation and context. They require higher-order thinking and the ability to reflect on one's emotions, which links them closely to emotional intelligence. Components of Emotional Intelligence 9  A. Self-Awareness: Recognizing and understanding your own emotions. B. Self-Regulation: Managing and controlling your emotions, especially in stressful situations. Essential for staying calm, making rational decisions, and maintaining professionalism, especially under pressure. C. Self Motivation : Being driven to achieve goals and stay positive, even when things get tough. Encourages perseverance, focus, and resilience, which are critical for long-term success. D. Empathy: Understanding and caring about the feelings of others Fosters stronger relationships and enhances the ability to respond to others with sensitivity and understanding. E. Social skills: This involves relating to the people around us seeking not only to benefit our selves, but also to benefit others. Factors Influencing Emotional Processing * Genetics: Our genetic makeup can influence our emotional responses and sensitivity. * Past Experiences: Past experiences, both positive and negative, can shape our emotional responses. * Cultural Factors: Cultural norms and values can influence how we express and interpret emotions. * Individual Differences: Individual differences in personality, temperament, and cognitive style can also affect emotional processing. 10  Models of emotional intelligence In 1997, Mayer and Salovey proposed their four-branch model of emotional intelligence, specifying four areas of problem-solving about emotions: (1) Perceiving and expressing emotion, (2) using emotion to benefit thought, (3) Understanding and reasoning about emotion, and (4) Managing emotion in one's self and in other people (Mayer and Salovey 1997). 1) The branches of the model are arranged according to the sequence in which they develop across the life span and the cognitive complexity required to perform them. The first branch, considered the most psychologically basic, is the perception, appraisal, and expression of emotion. This area concerns recognizing emotional signals and accurately interpreting them, as well as communicating emotion effectively. If a child appears distressed, her emotionally intelligent father may accurately interpret that she is worried about something. 2) The second branch, using emotion to facilitate thought, represents an increased level of cognitive complexity. This branch concerns assisting intellectual processing through the use of emotional information. For example, imagining the way he feels when he is worried may help this dad find a way to comfort this daughter. 3) Understanding emotions is the third branch in the model, and it concerns linking feelings to other feelings and to situations. Realizing that the first day of school is 2 days away, the emotionally intelligent father in our example may reason that his daughter is worried about the first day of school. Moreover, his daughter's silence and upset expression may alert the father that she is hesitant to discuss the issue. 4) Managing and regulating emotions in oneself and others is the fourth and most cognitively advanced branch of the MSC model. The ability to attend to helpful emotions and to diffuse problematic ones is the focus of this area. For example, when talking with his daughter, the emotionally intelligent father m ay choose a setting such as hiking in nature that is likely to burn up energy and help her manage her stress. 11 How to Develop the Emotional Intelligence: * Become emotionally literate; Label your feelings, rather than labeling people or situations. (Say "I feel" instead of "I know"). * Distinguish between thoughts and feelings. * Take more responsibility for your feelings. * Use your feelings to help make decisions. * Use feelings to set and achieve goals. * Feel energized, not angry * Validate other people's feelings. * Use feelings to help show respect for others. * Don't advise, command, control, criticize, judge or lecture to others. * Avoid people who invalidate you. Applications of Emotional Intelligence A. In Leadership Emotional Intelligence (El) is a critical competency for effective leadership. Leaders who possess high El can better understand and manage their own emotions, as well as those of their team members, leading to enhanced performance and a positive organizational culture. 1. Enhanced Communication Leaders with high El excel in both verbal and non- verbal communication. They are adept at conveying ideas clearly, listening actively, and interpreting the emotions behind team member s' words and actions. This fosters an environment of openness and trust. 2. Effective Conflict Resolution Emotionally intelligent leaders can navigate conflicts by understanding the underlying emotions and perspective s of all parties involved. They employ empathy and active listening to mediate disputes and find mutually acceptable solutions. 3. Empathy and Employee Engagement Empathy allows leaders to connect with their employees on a personal level, recognizing their needs, motivations, and concerns. This connection boosts. 12 4. Adaptability and Change Management Leaders with high El are better equipped to handle change and uncertainty. They can remain calm under pressure, adapt their strategies as needed, and support their teams through transitions, ensuring smoother implementation of new initiatives. 5. Decision-Making El contributes to balanced decision-making by integrating emotional insights with rational analysis. Leaders consider the emotional impact of their decisions on stakeholders, leading to more thoughtful and sustainable outcomes. 6. Building a Positive Organizational Culture Emotionally intelligent leaders cultivate a positive work environment by promoting values such as respect, trust, and collaboration. This positive culture enhances employee satisfaction and productivity. 7. Motivating and Inspiring Teams Leaders with high El can inspire and motivate their teams by recognizing individual and collective emotions, setting meaningful goals, and providing appropriate support and recognition. B. In Education Emotional Intelligence (El) plays a crucial role in education by fostering a positive and productive learning environment. 1. Improved Teacher-Student Relationships: Teachers with high El are better able to understand their students' emotions, respond empathetically, and create a more supportive classroom atmosphere. 2. Enhanced Classroom Management: Educators who manage their own emotions effectively can model emotional regulation for students, leading to fewer disruptions and more positive classroom interactions. 3. Social - Emotional Learning (SEL): Many schools incorporate SEL programs that focus on building students' emotional intelligence. These programs help students develop self-awareness, empathy, emotional regulation, and decision-making skills, which are essential for academic and personal success. 13 4. Conflict Resolution: Emotional intelligence helps students and educators navigate conflicts more effectively by fostering empathy, understanding different perspectives, and using problem-solving strategies to resolve issues in a peaceful manner. C. In Relationships Emotional intelligence (El) plays a crucial role in fostering healthy and fulfilling relationships, both personal and professional. Here are several key applications of emotional intelligence in relationships: 1. Enhanced Communication: Active Listening: Emotionally intelligent people listen to understand rather than just respond. This fosters open and honest communication, reducing misunderstanding. Non-Verbal Cues: Recognizing and responding to non-verbal signals (body language, facial expressions) enhances mutual understanding. 2. Conflict Resolution Managing Emotions: Being able to regulate your emotions helps you avoid reacting impulsively during conflicts. Emotionally intelligent individuals can remain calm and composed in tense situations. Empathy: El fosters the ability to see things from the other person's perspective, helping to find common ground and resolving disagreements with compassion 3. Building Trust Authenticity: Emotionally intelligent individuals are often more transparent and genuine, creating a foundation of trust in relationships Consistency: Regularly displaying emotional maturity builds trust over time, as it shows reliability and emotional stability. 4. Strengthening Empathy Understanding Emotions: El enhances the ability to perceive and understand others' emotions, which helps you support your partner or friends when they are going through difficult times. 14  Supporting Emotional Needs: By recognizing emotional cues, you can respond in ways that meet the emotional needs of others, strengthening bonds. 5. Improved Self-Awareness Identifying Personal Triggers: Emotionally intelligent individuals recognize their own emotional triggers and can manage them, preventing unnecessary conflicts. Personal Growth: Awareness of one's own emotional patterns leads to continuous personal development, which positively impacts relationships. 6. Encouraging Emotional Safety Creating a Safe Space: Emotional intelligence helps in creating an environment where others feel safe expressing themselves without fear of judgment. Fostering Vulnerability: El enables both partners to be vulnerable with one another, which deepens intimacy and connection. Effective Parenting and Family Dynamic. 7. Effective parenting and family dynamic Teaching Emotional Regulation: Parents with emotional intelligence can model and teach their children how to handle emotions constructively. Healthy Boundaries: El supports the setting of appropriate emotional boundaries, fostering respect and healthier family dynamics. 8. Mutual Support and Growth Providing Encouragement: Emotionally intelligent partners are better equipped to offer the right kind of encouragement, knowing when to challenge and when to support. Adapting to Change: El helps couples and friends navigate changes, such as job transitions, family dynamics, or personal growth, with resilience and adaptability. 15  Challenges to Emotional Intelligence: A) Misconceptions 1) Emotional intelligence is all about being emotional: One of the biggest misconceptions is that emotionally intelligent people are overly emotional or sensitive. Emotional intelligence is about understanding and managing emotions in yourself and others. This understanding helps you make more sound, rational decisions (which is totally the opposite of being emotional). 2) It's a fixed trait: Some people believe that emotional intelligence is something you are born with and cannot be developed. However, research has shown that EQ can be learned and improved through self-awareness, intentionality, and practice. B) Cultural Differences Cultural context can influence how individuals perceive their own emotional intelligence. In particular, self-rated ei may be influenced by which emotions are most desirable to express in a given culture For example, someone who is very emotionally expressive and outgoing may rate themselves as lower in expressive control if they live in a culture that values emotional suppression and a reserved demeanor. However, if the same outgoing person were to live in a culture that prized emotional expression, they may view themselves as high in expressive control, because their tendencies align well with display rules and cultural norms. C) Emotional Triggers Emotional triggers always stir up our own emotional response. For example, if we almost always react with extreme discomfort when someone else cries, then crying is an emotional trigger. If we're usually calm when someone else is angry, then anger isn't a trigger. Triggers are connected to our thoughts, experiences and memories. We connect a previous interaction with a similar emotional trigger to the current situation at hand. 16 Example of emotional triggers: Passive- aggression -Whining -Crying Blaming Criticizing or judging Frustration or irritation Worry or nervousness Anger Victim mentality Entitlement Aggression or hostility Always needing to please Silent treatment Being ignored or not listened to. Manipulation Deceit or lying Sadness or moping Unhappiness or misery Sarcasm Arrogance Conceit. 17  References Keiling, H. (2024): What Is Emotional Intelligence? Definition, Key Elements and Examples, Available at: https://www.indeed.com/career-advice/career- development/emotional-intelligence#:~:text=like%20a%20vague-,or,- complex%20concept%2C%20there, Retrieved on: 23 October 2024 Inclusion Geeks, (2023): Misconceptions About Emotional Intelligence, Available at: https://www.inclusiongeeks.com/articles/8-misconceptions-about-emotional- intelligence/ , Retrieved on: 23 October 2024 O’Connor, P. J., Hill, A., Kaya, M., & Martin, B. (2019): The measurement of emotional intelligence: A critical review of the literature and recommendations for researchers and practitioners. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 1116. Moawad, H. (2017): How the Brain Processes Emotions. Available at: https://www.neurologylive.com/view/how-brain-processes-emotions Mayer, J.D., Salovey, P., & Caruso, D. R. 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