PRENATAL PROBLEMS AND MANAGEMENT.pptx

PRENATAL PROBLEMS AND MANAGEMENT  Fetal macrosomia Fetal macrosomia is the medical term for when a fetus is overly large prior to birth. Baby exceeds 8 pounds, 13 ounces at the time of birth is typically classified as macrosomic. The average birth weight is about seven po...

PRENATAL PROBLEMS AND MANAGEMENT  Fetal macrosomia Fetal macrosomia is the medical term for when a fetus is overly large prior to birth. Baby exceeds 8 pounds, 13 ounces at the time of birth is typically classified as macrosomic. The average birth weight is about seven pounds. Fetal macrosomia is even more common for pregnant mothers with  Maternal infections Group B Strep: Group B streptococcus (GBS) is a very commonly occurring type of bacteria. Rubella Chicken Pox (Varicella) Syphilis Toxoplasmosis Hepatitis B Listeriosis  Preeclampsia Preeclampsia causes the blood vessels to constrict. The result is high blood pressure and a reduced blood flow that can affect organs in the mother’s body, including her liver, kidneys, and brain.  Placental abruption Placental abruption (also called “placenta abruptio”) is an uncommon and potentially dangerous complication during pregnancy in which the placenta prematurely detaches from the uterus before birth.  Placenta accreta Abnormal placental attachment is classified as accreta, increta, or percreta based on how deep the placenta goes into the wall of the uterus.  Placenta brevia when the placenta is positioned abnormally and ends up covering the entrance to the cervix. The placenta is a fetal membrane structure that forms inside the mother’s uterus during pregnancy. The placenta connects to the baby via the umbilical cord and delivers vital oxygen and nutrients to the baby while also removing waste. In a normal pregnancy, the placenta is positioned at the top or side of the uterus so as not to obstruct the birth canal.  Polyhydramnios Polyhydramnios (also known as “hydramnios“) is the medical term for a pregnancy complication in which there is too much amniotic fluid inside the womb Polyhydramnios is a condition that occurs when the volume of amniotic fluid exceeds normal levels.  Oligohydramnios Oligohydramnios is the medical term for a condition occurring in some pregnancies in which the amount of amniotic fluid in the womb is too low.  chorioamnionitis Chorioamnionitis (also called intraamniotic infection) is a serious type of infection that can occur during pregnancy when bacteria from the mother’s body travel up the birth canal and infect the fetal membranes and/or amniotic fluid.  Cervical incompetency American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology’s (“ACOG”) defines an incompetent cervix as a “painless dilation and delivery in the second trimester” of pregnancy.  IUGR Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) is a common pregnancy complication that occurs when a fetus is not growing at the normal, expected rate during pregnancy.  Placental insufficiency Placental insufficiency is a serious abnormality that can occur during pregnancy when the placenta does not properly form or becomes damaged. This can cause the placenta to be unable to deliver enough nutrients and oxygen to the fetus.  Rhfactor incompatibility Rh factor is a specific type of protein that most people have on the outside surface of red blood cells in their body. People who have this protein on their red blood cells are considered “Rh positive” and those without are “Rh negative.” During pregnancy a mother’s Rh factor status becomes significant ,This occurs in cases where the mother is Rh negative and her baby is Rh positive.  Prematuriy The normal length of fetal gestation/pregnancy is 40 weeks. Anytime a baby is born before the end of the 37th week of pregnancy, they are classified as premature (commonly called “preemies”).  Abnormal cord insertion Normally, the umbilical cord attaches to the center of the placenta. Rarely, the umbilical cord does not attach, or “insert,” in the proper location. There are two types of cord insertions that raise concerns. The first is marginal cord insertion. A marginal umbilical cord insertion occurs when the cord attaches on the side of the placenta instead of in the middle at the central placental mass. The second is velamentous cord insertion which is associated with vasa previa, Vasa previa is a rare but potentially dangerous condition in which fetal blood vessels are present in the amniotic sac instead of being contained within the umbilical cord.  Gestational diabetes Gestational diabetes is unique form of diabetes that occurs during pregnancy.  Ectopic pregnancy In an ectopic pregnancy, the fertilized egg attaches itself somewhere outside of the uterus. The most common location that the egg incorrectly attaches is the fallopian tube.  Thyroid problems Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, the two most common thyroid conditions, are heavily associated with multiple types of pregnancy and birth complications. THANK YOU..