PRELIMS: Sustainable Tourism PDF

PRELIMS: SUSTAINABLE TOURISM COLLEGE OF INTERNATIONAL TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT​ Prepared by Sir Mark Ren-Ren Apolinar INTRODUCTION: SUSTAINABLE TOURISM: Striving to optimize advantageous impacts Three key pillars form the foundation of whilst...

PRELIMS: SUSTAINABLE TOURISM COLLEGE OF INTERNATIONAL TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT​ Prepared by Sir Mark Ren-Ren Apolinar INTRODUCTION: SUSTAINABLE TOURISM: Striving to optimize advantageous impacts Three key pillars form the foundation of whilst mitigating detrimental ones on the sustainable tourism: economic, environment, society, and economy is socio-cultural, and environmental the essence of sustainable tourism. It is an sustainability. It encompasses all aspects idea that is gaining widespread of the tourism experience, from enhancing recognition worldwide. visitors' experiences to attending to the requirements of host communities and As per certain institutions, sustainable taking into account economic, social, and tourism is the kind that attends to the environmental challenges. needs of travelers, the travel industry, the environment, and host communities, while completely considering its current and future economic, social, and environmental ramifications. Destinations that engage in genuinely sustainable and responsible tourism should enhance the living and visiting circumstances for individuals. Figure 2. Three main pillars of sustainable tourism SUSTAINABLE TOURISM, DEFINED Striving to maximize positive effects while Figure 1. Suyac Island, a 15.6-hectare minimizing negative ones on the gem within the 32,000-hectare, environment, society, and economy 29-year-old Sagay Marine Reserve in embodies the concept of enduring Barangay Taba-ao, has earned another tourism. Multiple organizations explain it as follows: prestigious accolade: the Association of Southeast Asian Nations' sustainable "Tourism that fully recognizes its community-based tourism award, set to be current and future economic, social, presented in Johor Bahru, Malaysia, on and environmental effects, addressing Monday, January 20. the needs of visitors, the industry, the environment, and host communities" is how the UN Environment Program and UN World Tourism Organization define sustainable tourism (GSTC, retrieved November 06, 2023). 1 PRELIMS: SUSTAINABLE TOURISM COLLEGE OF INTERNATIONAL TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT​ Prepared by Sir Mark Ren-Ren Apolinar "Tourism that thoroughly considers its economic sustainability, and it requires the current and future economic, social, informed participation of all pertinent and environmental effects, addressing stakeholders and strong governmental the needs of visitors, the industry, the support to promote widespread environment, and host communities" is engagement and consensus building. This how the World Tourism Organization paradigm shift is necessary to address the defines sustainable tourism [sdgs.un.org, challenges of a changing world, including accessed November 06, 2023]. digital advancements that are revolutionizing the tourism industry. To achieve sustainable tourism in the Philippines, it is essential to prioritize Therefore, sustainable tourism is not just a regulations that emphasize the triple trend, but an imperative that seeks to bottom line-people, planet, and profit — strike a balance between fulfilling tourists' surpassing the generation of arrivals that interests and protecting natural habitats, overlook carrying capacity constraints. preserving cultural heritage, and ensuring the economic well-being of local The Department of Tourism (DOT) is populations (Huter, 1997, Mihalic, Abbasi enthusiastic about expanding sustainable & David, 2021; linkedin.com, retrieved sightseeing in the nation through the November 06, 2023). restoration of tourist destinations and the endorsement of sustainable sightseeing FUNDAMENTAL PILLARS OF practices. Eco-friendly hotels in the SUSTAINABLE TOURISM: Philippines are already employing sustainable activities such as organic farming, tree planting, rainwater recycling, 1.​ ENVIRONMENTAL solid waste segregation, composting, and SUSTAINABILITY coastal clean-up. The focus of sustainable sightseeing in the Philippines is the This pillar is about minimizing the harm management and preservation of tourism tourism causes to the environment and resources for just development and the encouraging the preservation of natural benefit of future generations. Furthermore, resources. It involves managing cultural the sustainable tourism paradigm in the heritage, reducing water and carbon Philippines places a strong emphasis on emissions, and improving waste the necessity of collaboration between management and resource efficiency. suppliers of tourism-related goods and services at every point of the visitor 2.​ SOCIO-CULTURAL journey to promote sustainable tourism. SUSTAINABILITY This pillar encompasses advancing social A PARADIGM SUSTAINABLE justice, bolstering economic development, TOURISM: and maintaining cultural variety. Its main objective is guaranteeing that tourism operations respect and benefit local The concept of sustainable tourism is a communities and cultural heritage. broad paradigm that encompasses economic, social, and environmental 3.​ ECONOMIC SUSTAINABILITY dimensions, as well as the management and preservation of tourism resources for This pillar includes fostering local economic just development and the benefit of future development, generating employment generations. opportunities, and supporting small and It is characterized by the three main pillars medium-sized businesses to ensure that of socio-cultural, environmental, and 2 PRELIMS: SUSTAINABLE TOURISM COLLEGE OF INTERNATIONAL TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT​ Prepared by Sir Mark Ren-Ren Apolinar tourism activities are financially feasible and ancillary; these principles direct the creation contribute to the destination's long-term and administration of tourism-related economic growth. activities to guarantee their sustainability and mutual benefit to all parties involved. 4.​ ATTRACTION This pillar is all about creating experiences that are authentic and one-of-a-kind, POLLUTION highlighting the value of cultural and natural heritage, and offering top The concept of pollution encompasses 5.​ ACCESSIBILITY various types, including air, water, soil light, noise, plastic, and radioactive This pillar involves developing accessible pollution. infrastructure, offering reasonably priced Pollutants can originate from natural or transportation, and encouraging universal synthetic sources and are considered design to guarantee that tourism activities harmful when they reach levels that cause are available to all travelers, irrespective of adverse effects on the environment or their financial situation or physical public health. Pollution not only affects the capabilities. quality of air, water, and land but also has far-reaching consequences, such as contributing to climate change, hindering 6.​ AMENITIES economic growth, and exacerbating poverty and inequality. For instance, water The purpose of this pillar is to guarantee pollution can lead to eutrophication and that tourism-related activities offer top-notch the creation of "dead zones." impacting services and amenities to tourists. These aquatic life and human well-being. services and amenities offer safe and pleasant lodging, excellent food and drink Similarly, air pollution, particularly from selections, and other amenities that hazardous air pollutants, poses significant health risks. Furthermore, the improve the vacation experience. contamination of natural resources, such as air and water, jeopardizes all life on 7.​ ANCILLARY Earth. Therefore, addressing pollution is crucial for safeguarding the environment This pillar is all about making sure that and public health, as well as ensuring the tourism activities help other economic wellbeing of current and future sectors, like manufacturing, transportation, generations (Webster, 2014; worldbank. and agriculture. It involves encouraging org, retrieved November 2023; Molina, local businesses, fostering connections Retana, & Zabala, 2019; between the tourism industry and other economic sectors, and sourcing goods and services locally. DIFFERENT TYPES OF POLLUTION: To summarize, the core principles of Numerous factors, such as natural sustainable tourism comprise occurrences and human activity, contribute environmental, socio-cultural, and economic to the diverse types of pollution. According sustainability; additional pillars include attraction, accessibility, amenity, and 3 PRELIMS: SUSTAINABLE TOURISM COLLEGE OF INTERNATIONAL TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT​ Prepared by Sir Mark Ren-Ren Apolinar to the search results, the many forms of A kind of pollution that is brought on by pollution are as follows: excessive noise, which is bad for both animal and human health. 1.​ AIR POLLUTION When dangerous materials are released into the atmosphere, contamination of this 6.​ PLASTIC POLLUTION kind results. This type of pollution is caused by the Lead, particle pollution, ground-level ozone, accumulation of plastic waste in the nitrogen oxides, and sulfur oxides are the environment, particularly in the oceans. six main air contaminants. Ecosystems and marine life may be harmed. Toxic air pollutants, commonly referred to as hazardous air pollutants, have been 7.​ RADIOACTIVE POLLUTION linked to cancer and other severe health consequences as well as detrimental This type of pollution is caused by releasing environmental repercussions. Among the radioactive substances into the dangerous air contaminants include environment. Both the environment and methylene chloride, perchloroethylene, and human health may be harmed. benzene. Air pollution, water pollution, land pollution, 2.​ WATER POLLUTION light pollution, noise pollution, plastic pollution, and radioactive contamination are In the Philippines, untreated home and the various sorts of pollution, to sum up. industrial wastewater is the primary cause There are negative consequences of 58% of groundwater contamination, associated with each kind of pollution for making water pollution a severe the ecosystem, human health, and other environmental concern. The things that living things. pollute water include sewage, oil spills, industrial waste, and runoff from agriculture. 3.​ LAND POLLUTION SOME POLLUTION ISSUES IN THE PHILIPPINES: This kind of pollution is brought about by the infiltration of toxic materials into the soil. Non-biodegradable plastics, heavy metals, Numerous pollution-related problems that and persistent organic pollutants like PCBs impact the environment, human health, are a few examples of land pollutants. and other living things are present in the Philippines. The following are a few of the 4.​ LIGHT POLLUTION Philippines pollution problems: A kind of pollution brought on by the 1.​ AIR POLLUTION improper or excessive usage of artificial light. It may have detrimental effects on the An estimated 66,000 deaths per year in environment, wildlife, and human health. the Philippines are attributed to air pollution, making it a serious issue. 5.​ NOISE POLLUTION Transportation, manufacturing, and energy generation are the primary causes of air pollution. Another issue is household air pollution, which is more prevalent in rural regions where cooking is done with solid fuels. 4 PRELIMS: SUSTAINABLE TOURISM COLLEGE OF INTERNATIONAL TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT​ Prepared by Sir Mark Ren-Ren Apolinar 2.​ WATER POLLUTION heed the lessons learned from successfully operating EPR systems like In the Philippines, untreated home and Korea's, they can accomplish industrial wastewater is the primary cause considerable reductions in polluting plastic of 58% of groundwater contamination, waste and meaningful improvements in making water pollution a severe the waste management system. environmental concern. The things that pollute water include sewage, oil spills, 2.​ NATIONAL PLAN OF ACTION industrial waste, and runoff from ON MARINE LITTER: agriculture. Through a number of intersecting policy 3.​ LAND POLLUTION interventions, the Philippines is working toward its overarching goal of "zero waste Litter, agricultural runoff, and industrial to Philippine waters by 2040" through the waste are the leading causes of land implementation of Its National Plan of pollution. With an estimated 2.7 million Action on Marine Litter. Marine plastice tons of plastic trash generated annually, pollution is being addressed by a number the Philippines is experiencing a plastic of government ministries and agencies, waste crisis. such as the Environmental Management Bureau (EMB) and the Department of The Philippines must continue to prioritize Environment and Natural Resources climate action to build a more sustainable (DENR). and resilient future. Although the government has put laws and initiatives in 3.​ CLIMATE & CLEAN AIR place to deal with these pollution-related COALITION: problems, more must be done to guarantee everyone lives in a cleaner and The Philippines is active in waste healthier environment. management, heavy-duty vehicle programs, agriculture, and national planning. It became a member of the coalition in 2015. SOME GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES TO MITIGATE POLLUTION: 4.​ ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION: The Philippine government has taken a number of steps to reduce pollution. The The United States and the Philippine following are a few government initiatives: governments have a robust, multi-decade relationship in environmental 1.​ TAKING CARE OF PLASTIC conservation. To lessen ocean plastic WASTE: pollution, the Philippine government is collaborating with the U.S. Agency for In 2023, the Philippines passed a International Development (USAID). significant national law that expands the legal framework to tackle plastic waste. 5.​ CLEAN AIR ACT: Under the "Extended Producer Responsibility" (EPR) law, companies with The 1999 Clean Air Act of the Philippines assets greater than P100 million are describes the steps the government is required to engage in EPR. Additionally, taking to lessen air pollution and provide smaller enterprises are encouraged by environmental protection. The Philippines' legislation to voluntarily join the program. health professionals are spearheading the The implementation of these levies will campaign against polluted air. provide funding for upgraded waste management facilities. If policymakers 5 PRELIMS: SUSTAINABLE TOURISM COLLEGE OF INTERNATIONAL TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT​ Prepared by Sir Mark Ren-Ren Apolinar In conclusion, the Philippine government 5.​ TRANSPORTATION has taken several steps to reduce pollution, such as tackling plastic pollution, Using fossil fuel-burning cars for enacting the Clean Air Act, joining the transportation is one way that transportation Climate & Clean Air Coalition, and contributes to air pollution. implementing a National Plan of Action on Marine Litter. It has also collaborated with the U.S. government on environmental conservation. The Philippines' environmental conservation and pollution reduction are the goals of these programs. GENERAL SOLUTIONS FOR POLLUTION: CAUSES OF POLLUTION AND SOLUTIONS TO MITIGATE POLLUTION: 1.​ RENEWABLE ENERGY The most straightforward strategy to reduce A serious environmental issue that impacts air pollution is to switch from fossil fuels to human health and the health and welfare of renewable energy sources like other living things is pollution. The following hydroelectricity, wind, and solar power. are some basic sources of pollution and their remedies: 2.​ ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING HARMFUL ACTIVITIES THAT CAUSES Developmental planning ought to start with POLLUTION: environmental planning. Therefore, a study to assess the environmental implications 1.​ FOSSIL FUEL BURNING: should be carried out before beginning any project. When fossil fuels, such as coal and oil, are burned to generate electricity or fuel for 3.​ CLEAN ENERGY PRODUCTION transportation, air pollutants like sulfur and nitrogen oxides are released into the Using clean energy and renewable fuels atmosphere. can help reduce air pollution. 2.​ INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES: 4.​ WASTE REDUCTION Industrial processes can potentially Reducing waste by recycling and using discharge contaminants into the soil, water, appropriate waste management techniques and air, hence exacerbating contamination will lessen pollution on land. of these environments. 5.​ GOVERNMENT POLICIES & 3.​ AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES REGULATIONS Agricultural practices can potentially Limiting the amount of pollutants that discharge contaminants into the industries can discharge and encouraging atmosphere and water, hence exacerbating the use of clean and renewable energy pollution of both. sources are just examples of the policies and regulations governments can 4.​ POOR WASTE MANAGEMENT implement to reduce pollution. Poor waste management can cause pollution of the air, water, and land. 6