Prelim Reviewer RIZ101 PDF

RIZ101: Life and Works of Rizal WHEREAS, today, more than any other period of our English as well as other writings of Rizal shall be INTRODUCTION TO: R.A 1425 history, there is a need for a re-dedication to the ideals...

RIZ101: Life and Works of Rizal WHEREAS, today, more than any other period of our English as well as other writings of Rizal shall be INTRODUCTION TO: R.A 1425 history, there is a need for a re-dedication to the ideals of included in the list of approved books for required freedom and nationalism for which our heroes lived and reading in all public or private schools, colleges and The Rizal Law and Its Importance died; universities. The Board of National Education shall determine the adequacy of the number of books, Senate Bill No. 438 WHEREAS, it is meet that in honoring them, particularly depending upon the enrollment of the school, college or ▪ was submitted to the Senate Committee on the national hero and patriot, Jose Rizal, we remember university. Education on April 3, 1956. with special fondness and devotion their lives and works that have shaped the national character. SECTION 3. The Board of National Education shall April 17, 1956 cause the translation of the Noli Me Tangere and El ▪ the bill was sponsored and presented to the WHEREAS, the life, works and writing of Jose Rizal, Filibusterismo, as well as other writings of Jose Rizal into members of the Senate by the late Senator Jose P. particularly his novels Noli Me Tangere and El English, Tagalog and the principal Philippine dialects; Laurel. Filibusterismo, are a constant and inspiring source of cause them to be printed in cheap, popular editions; and patriotism with which the minds of the youth, especially cause them to be distributed, free of charge, to persons House Bill No. 5561 during their formative and decisive years in school, should desiring to read them, through the Purok organizations ▪ was filed by Congressman Jacobo Z. Gonzales to be suffused; and Barrio Councils throughout the country. the House of Representatives. WHEREAS, all educational institutions are under the SECTION 4. Nothing in this Act shall be construed as May 12 and 14, 1956 supervision of, and subject to regulation by the State, and amendment or repealing section nine hundred twenty- ▪ Senate Bill No. 438 and House Bill No. 5561 were all schools are enjoined to develop moral character, seven of the Administrative Code, prohibiting the both unanimously approved on the second reading personal discipline, civic conscience and to teach duties of discussion of religious doctrines by public school and in the Lower House. citizenship; teachers and other person engaged in any public school. June 12, 1956 ▪ the bill was signed into law by President Ramon SECTION 1. Courses on the life, works and writings of SECTION 5. The sum of three hundred thousand pesos Magsaysay, giving birth to Republic Act 1425 or the Jose Rizal, particularly his novel Noli Me Tangere and El is hereby authorized to be appropriated out of any fund Rizal Law. Filibusterismo, shall be included in the curricula of all not otherwise appropriated in the National Treasury to schools, colleges and universities, public or private: carry out the purposes of this Act. Fidel V. Ramos Provided, That in the collegiate courses, the original or ▪ directed CHED and DECS to fully implement the unexpurgated editions of the Noli Me Tangere and El SECTION 6. This Act shall take effect upon its approval. law through CMO No. 247 in 1994 and CMO No. 3 Filibusterismo or their English translation shall be used as was issued to enforce strictly the law in 1995. basic texts. Objectives of Rizal Law 1. Rededicate the lives of the youth to the R.A 1425 SECTION 2. It shall be obligatory on all schools, ideals of freedom and nationalism, for An act to include in the curricula of all public and private colleges and universities to keep in their libraries an which our heroes lived and died; schools, colleges and universities courses on the life, adequate number of copies of the original and 2. To play tribute to our national hero for works and writings of Jose Rizal, particularly his novels unexpurgated editions of the Noli Me Tangere and El devoting his life and works for shaping the Noli me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, authorizing the Filibusterismo, as well as of Rizal’s other works and Filipino character; printing and distribution thereof, and for other purposes. biography. The said unexpurgated editions of the Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo or their translations in  3. To gain an inspiring source of patriotism From this, positive effects took place as the industrial Polo y servicio thru the study of Rizal’s life, works, and revolution contributed many things to the people: 1. The ▪ a forced labor writings. Philippines was opened for world commerce. 19th Century Philippines as Rizal’s Context What do 2. Foreigners were engaged in manufacturing and Peninsulares you think are the changes in the 90s as compared to our agriculture. ▪ (pure blooded Spaniard born in the Iberian Peninsula present generation in terms of the following: 3. The Philippine economy became dynamic and such as Spain.) ▪ Storage for Files balanced. Insulares ▪ Methods/ used for doing research 4. There was rise of new influential and wealthy ▪ (pure blooded Spaniard born in the Philippines) ▪ Ways of note-taking during class discussion Filipino middle class. ▪ Mode of Communication 5. People were encouraged to participate in the Spanish Mestizo ▪ Famous past time trade. ▪ (one parent is Spanish, the other is a native or 6. Migration and increase in population were Chinese Mestizo; or one parent is Chinese, the other The Revolutions Galleon Trade encouraged. is native). ▪ when Gov. Gen. Jose De Basco y Vargas arrived in the Philipines, Galleon Trade was not yet in Principalia The Revolutions 1815 progress. The Spanish government continued trade ▪ (wealthy pure-blooded native supposedly relations with said countries and Manila became the ▪ the end of Galleon Trade. descended from the kadatoan class) center of commerce in the East. n 1565, the Spaniards 1834 closed the ports of Manila to all countries except ▪ Manila was open for world trade. Indio Mexico. Hence, the birth of the Manila-Acapulco ▪ Trade, more known as the “Galleon Trade.” Ilustrados (pure blooded native of the Philippines) ▪ belonged to the landed upper class, were Royal Philippine Company muchrespected in their own towns or pueblos but Chino Infiel ▪ an organization made by Gov. Gen. Basco that will were regarded as Filibusteros by the friars. ▪ finance both the agricultural and the new trade that (non-Catholic pure blooded Chinese) were being made between the Suez Canal Philippines and Spain and other Asian countries. ▪ opened on Nov. 17, 1860 and was built by Inquilinato system Ferdinand de Lesseps, a French Man. ▪ The process for the system was: somebody or Tobacco Industry someone, known as canon, will be renting a piece of ▪ was under the government control during Gen. Pacto de Retroventa land for a fixed amount for the year. Basco’s time. ▪ an agreement of sale guaranteeing that the hacienderos could buy the land back at the same price Education Industrial Revolution at which it was sold. ▪ was under the control of Friars during the 19th to ▪ The first among the revolutions which was about the mid-19th century. Fear of God and obedience to the inventions of steam engines and machines that were Inquilinos friars were the main lessons taught to students. used in the manufacturing sector in different cities of ▪ a laborer indebted to a landlord who allows him to Children in the schools were taught to instill in their Europe. form a farm in parts of his property and who, in minds that they were inferior to others and were exchange, works without pay from the landlord. only capable of doing manual work. The students’ Chineses Mestizos learning were measured based on how well they ▪ the intermarriage between Chinese and Indios. read without understanding it. Educational Decree of 1863 These kind of stories about the young Rizal dep ict ▪ requiring each town in the Philippines to him as a superhuman, with exceptional intelligence, establish one elementary school for both boys and kindness, and patriotism. girl. It also paved the way for the establishment of a regular school for the training of teachers to master However, these are myths that have been invented and the Spanish language, under the supervision of the circulated, which do not reflect the reality of his childhood. Jesuits. French Revolution II. From Pepe to Pepe ▪ the French governmental structure changed from ▪ To start the discussion on the life of Jose Protacio absolute monarchy, which gave privileges to the ▪ Meanwhile, around 300 subordinates from Spain, nobles and religious officials. It was an era of Spanish America, and the Philippines decided to form Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda, we must begin political disturbances which included some changes a liberal constitution in the Mediterranean port of with his birth. in the ministries, constitutions and parliaments. Cádiz in 1812, in the middle of the occupation of ▪ born on June 19, 1861, in Calamba, Laguna. almost all of the Iberian peninsula by the French American Revolution army. The constitutional monarchy that the The birthing process was not easy, as Rizal's mother ▪ There were thirteen (13) North American Constitution of 1812 tried to put in place did not struggled due to the size of his head. colonies that forcibly removed the British empire materialize because King Fernando VII declared it Fortunately, both the baby and his mother survived the from power and ignored the British government for invalid and restored absolutism in May of 1814. difficult birth. United States of America to become a sovereign Three days later, he was baptized in a Catholic nation. The American revolution has given the idea Church by the parish priest, Father Rufino Collantes. that the colonized people will have their I. Ang Batang Rizal ▪ The priest marveled at Rizal’s big head and advised independence from their colonizers in the 19th What comes to your mind when you hear the term century. his family to care for him. “Batang Rizal?” Bourbon Reforms It is likely that you're thinking that Rizal was already ▪ a set of economic and political laws that contributed a prolific writer as a child, and that he wrote the poem “Sa III. Welcome to the Mercado Family to the expansion of the gaps between the peninsulares Aking Mga Kabata.” But did you know that young Rizal and the creoles. did not write this poem? ▪ Jose Rizal was the seventh child of a well-off family ▪ Said reforms were aimed at the following: 1) to Historian Ambeth Ocampo says that the poem living on a tenant land in Calamba, Laguna. control over the American colonies; attributed to national hero Jose Rizal is not authentic, Francisco Mercado Rizal ▪ he was a man of 2) for the crown to obtain resources through as there is no original manuscript and it was only admirable qualities. exploitation; published after his death. ▪ Born on April 18, 1818, in Binan Laguna, Francisco Mercado Rizal studied Latin and Philosophy at the 3) to professionalize the army; Another lie about young Rizal is that he invented College of San Jose in Manila. 4) to subdivide New Spain into mayors; champorado and selflessly threw his slipper away in the ▪ He was a man of few words but great actions, with a 5) to diminish the viceroy’s political power; 6) river. strong body and a sharp mind. to prohibit the natives from participating in political ▪ He was not only beloved by the people of or ecclesiastical commands Calamba but also by his family.  Uncle Gregorio ▪ Pedro had the advantage in height, but since Rizal had ▪ His son, Jose Rizal, affectionately called him "a ▪ a learned scholar, instilled in Rizal a love for an uncle who taught him martial arts, he defeated him, model of fathers" in his student memoirs. education, emphasizing its importance and the value twisting him back. of hard work. ▪ Pedro wanted a rematch, but Jose refused because by ▪ In honor of his father, Jose even named his premature ▪ Gregorio encouraged Rizal to think critically, this time the teacher had awakened, and he was afraid son 'Francisco.' observe his surroundings attentively, and deepen his of any kind of punishment. curiosity and knowledge. ▪ Because of this fight, he made a name for himself ▪ Before his death, Jose Rizal wrote a letter to his among his classmates. brother Paciano, in which he said: "Tell our father I Manuel's guidance ▪ After class, a youngster called remember him, and how I remember my whole ▪ helped Rizal to develop proficiency in these areas, Andres childhood, of his affection and his love. Ask him to despite his previous weakness and undersized frame. Salandanan challenged him to a fist fist. forgive me for the pain that I have unwillingly caused ▪ As Rizal grew older, his parents acquired private tutors to prepare him for his formal education. ▪ Andres put up an arm; Rizal lost and almost broke his him." head against the sidewalk of a house. Leon Monroy ▪ In the following days, Jose was said to have had other Teodora Alonso Realonda y Quintos ▪ One of his tutors, a former classmate of Rizal's father, fights with Binan boys. Other than physical bullying, ▪ This is because in Jose's student memoir, he wrote: “ who lived with the Rizal family to teach the boy he also experienced verbal bullying from Binan boys Ah! Without her what would have been my faith. Spanish and Latin. After God the mother is everything to man.” Schools should be a safe haven and a playground for the ▪ Passed away after 5 months mind where young minds can explore and grow, rather ▪ was born on November 8, 1826, in Manila. ▪ Doña Teodora was already living a comfortable life Rizal to Binan than what he experienced, which can be likened to a before marrying Don Kiko, coming from a long line ▪ study latin dreaded torture chamber. of principalias. ▪ Her education and culture set her apart from most ▪ Rizal and his brother lived with their relatives during V. Exposure to Injustice women. this time. After Rizal's return to Calamba, his parents decided ▪ This made her a remarkable woman of refined that he should stay there and later go to Manila. ▪ Paciano acted as a father figure during his school culture, literary talent, business ability, and Spartan During this time, his uncle, Don Jose Alberto, also fortitude. days in Binan. returned from Europe. ▪ She taught her children to read, write, and pray, as What happened next is a scandalous story involving Rizal's well as values such as discipline, justice, and Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz family, comparable to a modern teleserye. compassion. ▪ who Rizal described as a tall, thin man with a long neck and a sharp nose. He knew Latin and Spanish ▪ Teodora Realonda y Alonso, Rizal's mother, was grammar by heart. suddenly arrested on a malicious charge that she and IV. Childhood and Early Education Uncle Jose ▪ On his first day, Rizal had a hard time. When he her brother, Jose ▪ an accomplished artist, nurtured in Rizal an entered the classroom, his teacher asked him appreciation for nature's beauty and taught him Alberto, tried to poison Jose Alberto’s wife. ▪ As a ▪ The teacher's son, Pedro, who was the worst boy in various art forms such as painting, sketching, and punishment, Teodora was forced to walk 50 km from the class, made fun of him, and they started to fight. sculpture. Calamba to Santa Cruz and forbidden from using any kind of vehicle.  human race resembles this way The other living beings introduced Pepe to his former teacher and left for Calamba. born in liberty. First School Brawl: Rizal’s Life:Family, Childhood and Early Education Rizal’s Childhood and Early Education On his first afternoon at school, Jose Rizal Whoever knows not how to love his native tongue Is encountered a bully named Pedro who had mocked him worse than any beast or evil smelling fish. To make our earlier in the day. Pepe, still upset challenged Pedro to a Name: Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado Y Alonzo language richer ought to be our wish The same as any fight, which Pedro readily accepted. Painting Lessons in Realonda Nickname: Pepe mother loves to feed her young. Tagalog and the Latin Binan: Birthdate: June 19, 1861 language are the same And English and Castilian and the Near the school was the house of an old painter, Birthplace: Calamba, Laguna angel’s tongue; And God, whose watchful care o’er all is called Juancho, who was the father-in-law of the school Baptized by: Father Rufino Collantes God flung, Has given us His blessing in the speech we claim. Father: Pedro Casañas teacher. Jose, lured by his love for painting, spent many Sa Aking mga Kababata leisure hours at the painter’s studio. Old Juancho freely Our mother tongue, like all the highest that we know gave him lessons in drawing and painting. He was ▪ Rizal’s first poem. Had alphabet and letters of its very own; impressed by the artistic talent of the Calamba lad. Daily Life in Biñan: Uncle Manuel Alberto But these were lost – by furious waves were overthrown Jose led in methodical life in Binan, almost Spartan ▪ teaches Rizal Physical skills Like bancas in the stormy sea, long years ago. in simplicity. Such a life contributed much to his Word of the day: future development. It strengthened his body and Uncle Jose ▪ taught Rizal to love the Nature ▪ Resilience The Hero’s First soul Teacher: Uncle Gregorio Best Student in School: The early education of Pepe began with his mother ▪ instilled in Rizal’s mind the the love for Pepe excelled in academic studies, surpassing all boys serving as his first teacher. As Rizal grew older, Education. in Biñan in subjects like Spanish, Latin, and others. private tutors were hired, including Maestro Celestino However, some older classmates harbored jealousy Famous Novels: Noli Me Tangere and El and Lucas Padua. Later, an elderly man named Leon towards his intellectual superiority. Ending of Biñan Filibusterismo Monroy became his tutor. Subsequently, Rizal’s Schooling: Animals named after Rizal: parent decided to enroll him in a private school in Biñan. Before Christmas in 1870, Jose Rizal received a letter Draco Rizali, Apogania Rizali, Rhacophorus Rizali from his sister Saturnina, announcing the arrival of Jose Goes to Biñan: the streamer Talim that would transpost him from Animal Pet of Rizal: Big black dog, and Pony Biñan to Calamba. ▪ On June 1869, Pepe left Calamba for To My Fellow Children Biñan with his brother Paciano. They rode in Abandonment of Mercantilism Whenever people of a country truly love The language, a carromata, and reached Biñan after 1 and a ▪ Before the 19th century, European practiced which by heaven they were taught to use That country half hour. They proceeded to their Aunt’s mercantilism – the country’s wealth and power can also surely liberty pursue As does the bird which soars to house where Pepe will stay for the rest of his be measured in its stock of gold and silver. freer space above. schooling. First Day In Biñan School: ▪ It also means that all trade should be conducted For language is the final judge and referee Upon the The next morning, Paciano took his younger brother within a certain country and its colonies. people in the land where it holds sway; In truth our to he school of Maestro Justiniaino Aquino Cruz. He  ▪ By 18th and 19th centuries, there was a shift towards Below the national government were the local government ▪ Primary education was not given attention despite the laissez faire or free market trade – countries and their units: establishment of parochial schools in many towns. colonies began trading with one another. 4. Alcaldias – Provinces ▪ Instructions centered on the teaching of fear of God ▪ Before, only Spaniards benefitted from the Galleon 5. Pueblos – Towns and obedience to priest. trade, with free trade, the growers and traders of the 6. Barrios - Barangays ▪ Filipino children were not able to develop self- Ph. Products gained wealth. confidence in their ability to learn. ▪ Middle Class families were able to send their ▪ The friars was the supervising representative of the ▪ By the end of the 19th century, only the UST was the children to acquire higher education Spanish government for all local affairs. existing higher education institution in the ▪ The opening of Suez Canal in 1869 brought Europe ▪ His approval was necessary on almost all acts of the Philippines. closer to the Philippines and the enlightenment ideas local officials. ▪ They offered courses in Medecine, Pharmacy, became more prevalent among middle class – ▪ Eventually, the friars became more powerful and Theology, Philosophy, as well as canon and civil law. became known as the illustrados or the “enlightened influential that even civil authorities feared them. ▪ The Spaniards also opened secondary school for boys ones”. ▪ Another institution feared in the Philipipnes then was like Colegio de Santo Tomas, Colegio de San Juan de the Guardia Civil – national police force. Letran and Ateneo Municipal. Administrative Organization ▪ The Spanish colonial government in the ▪ Secondary education for girls were provided by the Filibusteros following schools in Manila namely: Santa Isabel; La Philippines ran indirectly through the viceroy of the Spain in Mexico. ▪ enemies of the government Erehes Concordia; Santa Rosa, and Santa Catalina. ▪ The Governor-General, appointed by the Spanish ▪ enemies of the Catholic Church Although the Spanish government exerted efforts to monarch, was the head of the Spanish Colonial educate the Filipinos in the 19th century, the educational government. ▪ Philippine representation in the Spanish Cortes was system implemented in the country had serious ▪ He was the Vice Royal Patron – he could nominate abolished in 1837. weaknesses. priests for administration of the parishes. ▪ Spanish colonial administration was corrupt and 1. Over-emphasis on religion ▪ He is the president of the Royal Audiencia, he had inefficient. 2. Limited and irrelevant curriculum legislative powers. ▪ Another source of weakness and abuse of Spanish 3. Obsolete classroom facilities ▪ Laws enacted by the Governor-General were called government was the widespread selling of 4. Inadequate instructional materials actos acordados. government positions. 5. Absence of academic freedom ▪ The Gov.-Gen, had the power of cumplase – the ▪ The social structure of Spain was pyramidal due to 6. Racial prejudice against the Filipinos in power to decide which law or royal decree should be their adherence to the doctrine of Limpieza de school implemented or disregarded. Sangre. ▪ The social structure of Spain was pyramidal due to Different Socio-economic policies imposed by the The Governor-General, and other government officials their adherence to the doctrine of Limpieza de Spaniards Reduccion had so much power that it was commonly abused. To Sangre. ▪ this policy was implemented so that the investigate the abuses, there were bodies created: government and parish priest could easily monitor the Educational System 1. Residencia natives and for the easy conversion to Catholicism ▪ Up to the middle of the 19th century, schools were 2. Visitador under the control of the friars. 3. Royal Audiencia Bandala emphasizing values such as love for God, good First Poem of Rizal?: ▪ the natives are obliged to sell their products behavior, obedience, and respect for elders. Aside from his sketching and sculpturing talent, Rizal to the Spaniards. possessed a God-given gift for literature. Since early Calamba, The Hero’s Town: boyhood he had scribbled verses on loose sheets of ▪ Calamba was a hacienda town which belonged to the paper and on the textbooks of his sisters. His mother, Polo Y Servisios Dominican order, which also owned all the lands who was a lover of literature, noticed his poetic ▪ forced labor of all males Filipino from 16 – 60 around it. It is a picturesque town nestling on a inclination and encouraged him to write poetry. years old for 40 days. verdant plain covered with irrigated ricefields and sugar-lands Cedula ▪ male and female of 18 years old and above will First Drama by Rizal: pay every year. Earliest Childhood Memories: After writing the poem To My Fellow Children, In his infancy, Jose Rizal’s earliest memories were Rizal, who was then eight years old, wrote his first Sanctorum of joyful days in the family garden at the age of three. As dramatic work which was a Tagalog comedy. It is said a frail and sickly child,, he received tender care from his that it was staged in a Calamba festival and was ▪ tax for the church Tribute parents, with his father building a nipa cottage for him to delightfully applauded by the audience. ▪ it may be paid in cash or in kind. play in during the day. The Hero’s First Sorrow: The Rizal children shared strong bonds of love and Rizal as Boy Magician: The Rizal Home: companionship, raised by well- bred parents who Since early manhood Rizal had been interested in ▪ The house of Rizal family is where the national hero, instilled values of mutual love and asisstance. magic. With his dexterous hands, he learned various Rizal, was born. Among his siblings, Jose had a special affection for tricks, such as making coins appear or disappear in ▪ It was one of the distinguished stone houses in his younger sister, Concha. his fingers and making a handkerchief vanish in thin Calamba during Spanish times. air. He entertained his town folks with magiclantern ▪ It was two-storey building rectangular in shape, Devoted Son of the Church: exhibitions. This consisted of an ordinary lamp constructed with adobe stones and hard-woods. Born into a Catholic family and immersed in a casting its shadow on a white screen wholesome environment of Catholicism, Jose Rizal grew A Good and Middle-Class Family: up as a devout Catholic with an innate pious spirit. From Lakeshore Reveries: ▪ The Rizal family belonged to the principalia, a town the age of three, he actively participated in family prayers ▪ During the twilight hours of summertime Rizal, aristocracy in Spanish Philippines. taught by his devoutly Catholic mother. Pilgrimage to accompanied by his pet dog, used to meditate at the shore ▪ They were one of the distinguished families in Antipolo: of Laguna de Bay on the sad conditions of his oppressed Calamba. In June 1868, Jose Rizal embarked on his first people. Influences on the Hero’s boyhood: ▪ Rizal’s parents achieved a comfortable lifestyle pilgrimage to Antipolo with his father, fulfilling his through honest work, frugal living, and hard work. mother’s vow made at his birth. The trip involved a 1.Hereditary Influence from his Malayan ancestors, casco ride across Laguna de Bay. Rizal, evidently, inherited his love for freedom, his innate Home Life of the Rizals: desire to travel, and his indomitable courage. From his ▪ The Rizal’s family led a simple, content and Chinese ancestors, he derived his serious nature, frugality, disciplined life. Parents, Don Kiko and Doña Lolay, Artistic talents: patience, and love for children. From his Spanish lovingly raised their children without indulgence, Since his early childhood, Jose Rizal displayed a ancestors, he got his elegance of bearing, sensibility to natural talent for art, beginning to make sketches and insult, and gallantry to ladies. From his father, he inherited clay and wax objects at the age of five. a profound sense of self-respect, the love for work, and the Uncle Gregorio – instilled in Rizal’s mind the the and became a tenant-farmer in a Dominican-owned habit of independent thinking. And from his mother, he love for Education hacienda inherited his religious nature, the spirit of self-sacrifice, Famous Novels: Noli Me Tangere and El and the passion for arts and literature. Filibusterismo About: 2. Environmental Influence Animals named after Rizal: Draco Rizali, Apogania In Rizal’s memoir entitled Memorias de Un Estudiante de According to psychologist, environment, as well as Rizali, Rhacophorus Rizali Manila, he called him “a model of fathers” heredity, affects the nature of a person. Environmental Animal Pet of Rizal: Big black dog, and Pony Rizal hide under the pen name P. Jacinto. influence includes places, associates, and events. The scenic beauties of Calamba and the beautiful garden Rizal's Life: Family, Childhood and early Education DONYA TEODORA ALONSO REALONDA of the Rizal family stimulated the inborn artistic and (1826-1911) Introduction to Jose Rizal's Life Born: on November 8, 1826 in Manila. literary talents of Jose Rizal. Jose Rizal was a prominent Filipino nationalist and Died: August 16, 1911 in Manila at the age of 85. 3. Aid of Divine Providence polymath during the Spanish colonial period. His life and Parents: Lorenzo Alonso a municipal captain and Brijida Greater than heredity and environment in the fate of man is works had a profound impact on the Philippine de Quintos, the aid of Divine Providence. A person may have independence movement and continue to inspire Filipinos Education: College of Santa Rosa a well known college everything in life –brains, wealth, and power –but, today. for girls in the city. without the aid of Divine Providence, he cannot In Rizal’s memoir attain greatness in the annals of the nation. Rizal was he lovingly said of her, “My mother is a woman of more providentially destined to be the pride and glory of than ordinary culture; she knows literature and speaks his nation. God had endowed him with the versatile Spanish better than I. She corrected my poems and gave me gifts of a genius, the vibrant spirit of a nationalist, good advice when I was studying rhetoric. She is a and the valiant heart to sacrifice or a noble cause. mathematician and has read many books. Was married to Francisco Mercado at 20 years old, RIZ101: Life and Works of Rizal a native from Binan, Laguna. Together they Rizal’s Life:Family, Childhood and Early Education prospered in Calamba after involving themselves in business and agriculture. Rizal’s Childhood and Early Education known for being hardworking, intelligent, business Name: Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado Y Alonzo minded woman. Realonda DON FRANCISCO RIZAL MERCADO (1818-1898) Nickname: Pepe SATURNINA RIZAL (1850-1913) (Neneng) Birthdate: June 19, 1861 Of Chinese descent through Chinese immigrant Domingo Saturnina Mercado Rizal Hidalgo was born in 1850 and Birthplace: Calamba, Laguna Lameo(arrived 1690) and married Ines de la Rosa a was the eldest sister of Jose Rizal. Wife of Manuel T. Baptized by: Father Rufino Collantes Chinese Christian girl.Assume the surname Mercado in Hidalgo and died in the year 1913. God Father: Pedro Casaña 1731 Aking mga Kababata – Rizal’s first poem. Born: May 11, 1818 in Biñan,Laguna PACIANO RIZAL (1851-1930) Uncle Manuel Alberto – teaches Rizal Physical Died: January 5,1898 at the age of 80 in Manila General Paciano Mercado Rizal aka "Lolo Ciano" skills About: Studied Latin and Philosophy at College of San He is Rizal’s confidante Uncle Jose – taught Rizal to love the Nature Jose in Manila. Moved in Calamba after his parents death Attended Colegio de San Jose in Manila.  After Rizal’s execution, he joined in the Philippine She is a known recipient of Jose's many letters SOLEDAD RIZAL(Choleng) (1870-1929) Revolution became a combat General. during his lifetime. Soledad Rizal Quintero was born in 1870 making He had two children by his mistress Severina her the youngest of the Rizal siblings. Decena –a boy and a girl JOSE RIZAL (1861-1896) She married Pantaleon Quintero. After the revolution, he retired to his farm in Los Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda Baños where he lived as a gentleman farmer June 19, 1861-December 12, 1896 Died: April 13, 1930 as a bachelor aged 79 nickname: Pepe NARCISA RIZAL (1852-1939) ( Sisa) An intellectual, patriot, propagandist, novelist, polymath, She married Antonio Lopez who was a teacher from polyglot, teacher, physician, expert surveyor/engineer, Morong, Rizal ophthalmologist, scientist, inventor, farmer, artist, and a hero. After the Execution After two days she found the unmarked grave of her Baptized by: Father Rufino Collantes brother in Paco General Cemetery with a marker of R.P.J. God Father: Father Pedro Casañas After 1898 she’s able to exhume Rizal’s remains During his exile in Dapitan lived with Josephine Bracken Rizal’s body was brought to the house of Higino an Irish girl from Hongkong had a son with her which he Francisco of Binondo named Francisco(died) His bones were washed with the water of estero de Binondo CONCEPCION RIZAL (1862-1865) His remains were then placed in an urn kept by the Concepcion Rizal was born in 1862. family Concepcion did not live very long as she died at the age of 3 in 1865 OLIMPIA RIZAL (1855-1887) (ypia) She married Silvestre Ubaldo, a telegraph operator JOSEFA RIZAL (1865-1945) Panggoy RIZAL’S ANCESTRY from Manila Josefa Rizal was born in 1865. She was unmarried She died in 1887 from childbirth. lived together with sister Trinidad until death. Composition of Rizal’s blood: Negrito, Indonesian, Malay, Josefa was said to have suffered from epilepsy. She Chinese, Japanese, and Spanish LUCIA RIZAL (1857-1919) died in 1945 She married Mariano Herbosa of Calamba, who was a nephew of Father Casanas. TRINIDAD RIZAL (1868-1951) Herbosa died of cholera in 1889 and denied was born in 1868. Christian burial because he is Rizal’s brother-in-law remained unmarried and lived together with her sister Josefa. MARIA RIZAL (1859-1945)( Biang) was the one who received an alcohol lamp from She married Daniel Faustino Cruz of Biñan, Laguna brother Jose, in which he secretly hid the "Last Mauricio Cruz, one of Maria's children became a Farewell" better known as "Mi Ultimo Adios," a student of Jose Rizal in Dapitan and was known to poem Rizal wrote on the eve of his death in 1896. be one of his uncle's favorites. Trinidad died in 1951, outliving all her siblings.  Malayan ancestors – love for freedom, innate desire to Childhood Years in Calamba travel and indomitable courage Hometown: Calamba, Laguna Chinese ancestors – somber personality, prudence, On the southern part of Calamba lies Mt. Makiling fortitude, and affection for children. where there are several hot springs and Spanish ancestors – sophistication of bearing, compassion breath-taking sceneries to rudeness, and valor for ladies Laguna de Bay is located on the eastern part of the Father – profound send of self-respect, love for work and town the habit of independent thinking Calamba’s name was based on a town legend when Mother – religious nature, spirit of self-sacrifice and a Spanish Guardia Civil asked a woman(carrying a passion for arts and literature water jar in a nearby river) about the name of the Environmental influences – refers to places, associates place; because the woman was confused on what to and events that affect the nature of a person say, she uttered “Kalan-banga” (pertaining to the Paciano – moral values and passion for education water container); since then, the town has been Tiyo Jose Alberto – artistic influence; Jose Rizal carved an called “Calamba” image of The Virgin Mary on a piece of batikuling with his Barely three years old, Rizal learned the alphabet pocketknife. from his mother Tiyo Manuel – helped develop his frail body Because of Doña Teodora’s influence, Jose grew up through physical workout, including horseback as a devout Catholic; participated in daily prayers riding and wrestling such as the Angelus; he was able to read the Tiyo Gregorio – reading books; Jose’s favorite Bible(in Spanish) at an early age of five books: The Count of Monte Cristo by Alexandre He Prayed every night at their azotea Dumas, Universal History by Cesar Cantu, and He visited Antipolo Church; this was his mother’s Travels in the Phlippines by Dr. Feodor Jagor pilgrimage when the latter promised to the Blessed Father Leoncio Lopez – research and rational Virgin should she and her child survived the ordeal sincerity of delivery which nearly caused her life He enjoyed walking in the town especially at night; Childhood Years in Calamba he was usually accompanied by his aya(nurse maid) Sorrowful events in the early life of Rizal RIZAL FAMILY who occasionally narrated him some stories about Death of Concha in 1865 the supernatural entities: tikbalang, aswang, Imprisonment of his mother The Rizal family belonged to the Principalia nuno,etc. Spanish abuses and cruelties which he witnessed It is one of the distinguished families in Calamba. He loved in the field with his pony; he was fond of Execution of fathers Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos, Rizal’s parents were able to live well from farm by renting having lengthy walks in the fields and by the side of and Jacinto Zamora in 1872 from Dominican Order. the lake tagging along his black dog name Usman. Early Education in Calamba and Biñan They harvested corn, rice, sugarcane, and raised pigs, chicken, and turkey in their backyard. Rizal’s influences Rizal and the story of the Moth Donya Lolay manage a general goods store and One night, all the family, except my mother and operated a small flour-mill and home-made ham Hereditary influence – refers to inherent qualities that a myself, went to bed early. Why, I do not know, but we two press. person inherits from his ancestors and parents remained sitting alone. The candles had been already been put out. They have been blown out in their globes by means the old book which I read without understanding. My “worthwhile.” And, like that young moth, he was fated to of a curved tube of tin. That tube seemed to me the finest mother began to read the fable of the young moth and the die as a martyr for a noble ideal and most wonderful plaything in the world. The room was old one. She translated it into Tagalog a little at a time. dimly lighted by a single light of coconut oil. In all Filipino My attention increased from the first sentence. I Jose’s private tutors who gave him lesson at home homes such a light burns through the night. It goes out just looked toward the light and fixed my gaze on the moths Doña Teodora Alonso Realonda at day-break to awaken people by its spluttering. which were circling around it. The story could not have Maestro Celestino My mother was teaching me to read in a Spanish been better timed. My mother repeated the warning of the Maestro Lucas Padua reader called “The Children’s Friend” (El Amigo de los old moth. She dwelt upon it and directed it to me. I heard Leon Monroy – an old man, a former classmate of Ninos). This was quite a rare book and an old copy. It had her, but it is a curious thing that the light seemed to me Rizal’s father, taught him Spanish and Latin (died lost its cover amd my sister had cleverly made a new one. each time more beautiful, the flame more attractive. I really after 5 months) She had fastened a sheet of thick blue paper over the back envied the fortune of the insects. They frolicked so Biñan Schooling and then covered it with a piece of cloth. joyously in its enchanting splendor that the ones which had Rizal in Biñan This night my mother became impatient with fallen and been drowned in the oil did not cause me any June 1869(Sunday)Paciano and Rizal left Calamba hearing me read so poorly. I did not understand Spanish dread. to study in the village school of Maestro Justiniano and so I could not read with impression. She took the book My mother kept on reading and I listened Aquino Cruz from me. First she scolded me for drawing funny pictures breathlessly. The fate of the two insects interested me They spend one and a half hours of travel to their on its pages. Then she told me to listen and she began to greatly. The flame rolled its golden tongue to one side and a aunt’s house in Biñan, Laguna read. When her sight was good, she read very well. She moth with this movement had singed into the oil, fluttered The school was a small nipa hut with a distance of could recite well, and she understood verse-making, too. for a time and then became quiet. That became to me a 30 meters from their aunt’s house Many times during Christmas vacations, my mother great event. A curious change came over me which I have Rizal described Maestro Cruz as a thin man, with a corrected my poetical compositions, and she always made always noticed in myself whenever anything has stirred my long neck, sharp nose, a slightly bent forward body, valuable criticisms. feelings. The flame and the moth seemed to go farther and always wore a sinamay shirt I listened to her, full of childish enthusiasm. I away and my mother’s words sounded strange and marveled at the nice-sounding phrases which she read from uncanny. I did not notice when she ended the fable. All Jose Goes to Biñan those same pages. The phrases she read so easily stopped attention was fixed on the face of the insect. I watched it June of 1869, after kissing their parents’ hands, Jose me at every breath. Perhaps I grew tired of listening to with my whole soul... It had died a martyr to its illusions. together with Paciano rode in carromata, reaching their sounds that had no meaning for me. Perhaps I lacked of As she put to bed, my mother said: “See that you destination after one and a half hours’ drive. self-control. Anyway, I paid little attention to the reading. I not behave like the young moth. Don’t be disobedient, or was watching the cheerful flame. About it, some little you may get burnt as it did.” I do not know whether I Biñan Schooling moths were circling in playful flights. By chance, too, I answered or not... The story revealed to me things until He recalled Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz asked him if yawned. My mother soon noticed that I was not interested. then unknown. Moths no longer were, for me, insignificant he can speak Spanish; he replied that he had little She stopped reading. Then she said to me: “I am going to insects. Moths talked; they knew how to warn. They knowledge about the language; Pedro, his classmate, read you a very pretty story. Now pay attention.” advised just liked my mother. The light seemed to me more laughed at his answer On hearing the word “story” I at once opened my attractive. I knew why the moths circled the flame eyes wide. The word “story” promised something new and The tragic fate of the young moth, which “died a PAINTING LESSON wonderful. I watched my mother while she turned the martyr to its illusions,” left a deep, impressed on Rizal’s He studied painting under the guidance of an old painter leaves of the book, as if she were looking for something. mind. He justified such noble death, asserting that “to called Juancho who is the father-in-law of school teacher. Then I settled down to listen. I was full of curiosity and sacrifice one’s life for it,” meaning for an ideal, is The old man gave him free lessons in painting and drawing wonder. I had never even dreamed that there were stories in Rizal and Jose Guevarra became Juancho’s apprentices  Rizal topped all his classmates, especially in Ang salita nati’y huad din sa iba Na may alfabeto at language subjects such as Spanish and Latin and sariling letra, Na kaya nawala’y dinatnan ng sigwa other subjects Ang lunday sa lawa noong dakong una. Rizal finished his schooling in Biñan, 1870 End of Biñan Schooling To My Fellow Children Saturnina Whenever people of a country truly love The Before Christmas of 1870, Saturnina informed Jose the language, which by heaven they were taught to use That arrival of Talim(steamer) which would take him back to country also surely liberty pursue As does the bird which Calamba. soars to freer space above. For language is the final judge He got sad, prayed in the town church, and collected and referee Upon the people in the land where it holds pebbles in the river for souvenirs and bade goodbye to all. sway; In truth our human race resembles this way The other December 17, 1870 – he boarded Talim with Arturo living beings born in liberty. Camps a Frenchman that is his father’s friend. Whoever knows not how to love his native tongue Is worse than any beast or evil smelling fish. To make our Additional information language richer ought to be our wish The same as any mother loves to feed her young. Tagalog and the Latin Rare specimens named after Rizal: language are the same And English and Castilian and the Draco Rizali (a flying dragon), angel’s tongue; And God, whose watchful care o’er all is Apogania Rizali (small beetle), flung, Has given us His blessing in the speech we claim. Rhacophorus Rizal (a rare frog) Our mother tongue, like all the highest that we know Had alphabet and letters of its very own; But these Sa Aking mga Kababata were lost – by furious waves were overthrown Like bancas Kapagka ang baya’y sadyang umiibig Sa langit salitang in the stormy sea, long years ago. kaloob ng langit Sanlang kalayaan nasa ring masapit Katulad ng ibong nasa himpapawid Pagka’t ang salita’y isang kahatulan Sa bayan, sa nayo’t, mga kaharian at ang isang tao’y katulad kabagay Ng alin mang likha noong Kalayaan Ang hindi magmahal sa kanyang salita Mahigit sa hayop at malansang isda, Kaya ang marapat pagyamaning kusa na tulad sa inang tunay na nagpala Ang wikang tagalog tulad din sa latin, Sa ingles, kastila, at salitang anghel, Sa pagka ang Poong maalam tumingin Ang siyang nag-gawad, nagbigay sa atin.