Rizal Law 1956 PDF

RIZAL LAW GENERALIZATION OF RIZAL LAW Republic Act No. 1425 It was originally filed by the Senate A Philippine law that mandates all Committee on Education on April 3,1956 a...

RIZAL LAW GENERALIZATION OF RIZAL LAW Republic Act No. 1425 It was originally filed by the Senate A Philippine law that mandates all Committee on Education on April 3,1956 as educational institution to study the life and Senate Bill No. 438 works of Jose Rizal, especially his novels Supported by all senators except for three Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo in Sen. Jose P. Laurel, the Chairman of the schools Committee on Education started his Its primary aim is to inculcate in students an sponsorship on the bill on April 17,1956. increased sense of nationalism at a time Sen. Claro M. Recto authored the Senate Bill when the Filipino identity is threatened by No. 438 (Rizal Bill) various factors IMPORTANT PROVISIONS OF RIZAL LAW SENATOR CLARO M. RECTO Senate Bill No. 438: An act to make Noli Me Tangere Main sponsor and defender of the bill to the and El Filibusterismo compulsory reading material senate (Father of Rizal Law) in all public and private colleges and universities and for other purposes. SENATOR JOSE P. LAUREL Section 1: Courses on the life and works and Chairman of the Committee on Education writings of Jose Rizal, particularly his novel, Noli Me Co-sponsor of the bill Tangere and El Filibusterismo, shall be included in FR. JESUS CAVANNA, JESUS PAREDES the curricula of all schools, colleges, and universities, public or private. Oppositionist of the bill Section 2: It shall be obligatory on all schools, ESSENCE OF RIZAL BILL AFTER WORLD WAR II colleges, and universities to keep in their libraries an adequate number of copies of the original and To establish the unity and solidarity of the unexpurgated editions of the Noli Me Tangere and El Filipinos Filibusterismo, as well as of Rizal’s other works and One of the negative impacts of Rizal Bill is that it can biography. destroy the reputation of the Catholic Church. Section 3: The Board of National Education (now Hence, they accused Sen. Recto of being a DepEd and CHED) shall cause the translation of the communist and anti-Catholic. Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, as well as GROUP OPPOSITIONS other writings of Jose Rizal into English, Tagalog, and the principal Philippine dialects. 1. Catholic Action of the Philippines 2. Congregation of the Mission Section 4: Nothing in this act shall be construed as 3. Knights of Columbus amendment or repealing Section 927 of 4. Catholic Teachers Guild Administrative Code, prohibiting the discussion of religious doctrines by public school teachers and GROUP SUPPORTERS other person engaged in any public school. 1. Veteranos de la Revolucion (Spirit of 1896) Section 5: The sum of ₱ 300,000 is hereby 2. Alagad ni Rizal authorized to be appropriated out of any fund not 3. The Fremasons otherwise appropriated in the national treasury to 4. Knights of Rizal carry out the purposes of this act. Publishing a pastoral letter written by Archbishop WHY STUDY RIZAL? of Manila, Rufino Santos was a notable action taken by the Catholic Church to oppose the passing The Rizal Law, enacted in 1956, seeks to accomplish of bill into law. the following goals: May 12, 1956 – approved in the senate 1. To rededicate the lives of youth to the ideals of freedom and nationalism, for which our June 12, 1956 – finally enacted as law heroes lived and died. 2. To pay tribute to our national hero for devoting his life and works in shaping the Filipino character.  3. To gain an inspiring source of patriotism 19TH CENTURY PHILIPPINES through the study of Rizal’s life, works, and writings. Jose Rizal was born in the 19th century It was Rizal who first used the word Filipino Aside from those mentioned above, there are other to refer to the inhabitants of the country, reasons for teaching the Rizal course in Philippine whether they are of Spanish or Filipino blood schools: Spanish blood inhabitants: peninsulares, insulares, mestizo 1. To recognize the importance of Rizal’s ideals and teachings in relation to present Industrial Revolution – transition to the new conditions and situations in the society. manufacturing processes 2. To encourage the application of such ideals in current social and personal problems and Suez Canal – first infrastructure that paved the way issues. for the importation of books, magazines, and 3. To develop an appreciation and deeper newspaper with liberal ideas from Europe and understanding of all that Rizal fought and America died for. Governor General Carlos Ma. Dela Torre (1869- 4. To foster the development of the Filipino 1871) youth in all aspects of citizenship. Media censorship became relaxed and limited NATIONALISM secularization of education began Developing, maintaining, and practicing our Governor General Rafael Izquierdo (1871-1873) national identity It is a set of systems – political, social, and For him, the Indios should not be given the same economic characterized by the promotion of rights and freedom enjoyed by the Spaniards in the the interest of one nation anchored on the Philippines. He imposed harsh policies and laws aim to achieve and maintain self- and was also responsible for removing the long- governance or total sovereignty. standing personal benefits of the workersubder, the It is oriented towards developing and encomienda system, and forced labor exemptions maintain a national identity based on the among soldiers. shared characteristics such as culture, CAVITE MUTINY language, race and religion. The concept of nationalism only gained Cavite Mutiny was staged by about 200 military recognition in the late 18th century. personnel of the San Felipe Arsenal in Cavite. BENEDICT ANDERSON Those who were suspected to be involved in mutiny to implicate the three secular priests – Mariano Nation is an imagined community and Gomez, Jose Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora known recognition. as Gomburza and proclaimed that they were The Philippine nation is an imagined instigators of the said mutiny. community because one who identifies himself or herself as a Filipino will never CHINESE HISTORY IN THE PHILIPPINES meet all the other Filipinos around the world, Chinese merchants were already in the yet he or she is convinced that they exist and Philippines as early as 16th century he or she is related to them. Became prominent in Philippine society FIVE BASIC ELEMENTS OF NATIONALISM during the Spanish colonial period, who provided valuable capital to Manila 1. Culture – backbone of nationalism Binondo was created as a permanent 2. History settlement for Chinese mestizos who 3. Language converted to Catholicism 4. Religion 5. Territory – unang naipapakita ang CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING TO TAX PAYMENT nationalism 1. Spaniards & Spanish Mestizo Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo emerged as 2. Indios the founding texts of Philippine nationalism. 3. Chinese 4. Chinese Mestizo CHINESE MESTIZO BASIC FACTS ABOUT RIZAL Any person born of a Chinese father and Born on June 19,1861 in Calamba, Indio mother Philippines A Spanish mestiza who married a Chinese Died on December 30,1896 in Bagumbayan mestizo, or a child of a Spanish mestiza and Was a patriot, physician, and man of letters a Chinese mestizo. who was an inspiration to the Philippines However, a Chinese mestiza and an Indio nationalist movement were listed as Indios. Baptized on June 22,1862 by Rufino Collantes, his godfather was Pedro Casanas SIGNIFICANCE OF CHINESE MESTIZO Returned to the Philippines in 1892 a. Chinese mestizos became prominent and He remained in exile for the next four years. In 1896 influential figures in the area of industry, the Katipunan, a Filipino nationalist secret society, commerce, and business. revolted against Spain. Although he had no b. Their entrepreneurial skills gave way to the connections with that organization and he had had emergence of the Philippine middle class. no part in the insurrection, Rizal was arrested and c. They contributed to economic stability. tried for sedition by the military. Found guilty, he was d. Their presence played in the formation of the publicly executed by a firing squad in Bagumbayan. Filipino identity. He founded a nonviolent-reform society, the La Liga e. Their presence played in the formation of the Filipina, in Manila, and was deported to Dapitan in Filipino identity. northwest Mindanao. PEDRO PATERNO AND GREGORIO SANCIANO RIZAL’S FAMILY Both Chinese mestizos who wrote about the The 7th child of eleven children and the only essence of being a Filipino, defended the dignity of 2nd boy in the family; Paciano being the older the Filipinos, and explained the supposed indolence one of the “Indios”. Rizal’s family was a mixture of races. They Rizal is a 5th generation Chinese mestizo. were a combination of Negrito, Malay, Indonesian, Japanese, Chinese, and THE NAME Spanish, though Jose was predominantly Jose - was chosen by his mother who was devotee Malayan of the Christian saint San Jose (St. Joseph) His great-great grandfather, Domingo Lamco adopted the name Rizal in 1731 and it Protacio - was taken from St. Protacio, who were became a second surname of the family very properly was a martyr. That a Filipino priest baptized him and a secular Archbishop confirmed THE PARENTS him seem fitting 1. FRANCISCO MERCADO (1818-1898) Rizal - the name was adapted in 1850 by authority of Father of Jose Rizal who was the youngest of 13 the Royal Decree of 1849, upon the order of offsprings of Juan and Cirila Mercado. Born in Biñan, Governor Narciso Claveria. Rizal was a shortened Laguna on April 18, 1818; studied in San Jose form of Spanish word for “second crop,” seemed College, Manila; and died in Manila. suited to a family of farmers who were making a second start in a new home 2. TEODORA ALONSO (1827-1913) Alonzo - old surname of his mother· Mother of Jose Rizal who was the second child of Lorenzo Alonso and Brijida de Quintos. She studied Y-and-Realonda - it was used by Doña Teodora from at the Colegio de Santa Rosa. She was a business- the surname of her godmother based on the culture minded woman, courteous, religious, hard-working by that time and well-read. She was born in Santa Cruz, Manila Mercado - adopted in 1731 by Domigo Lamco (the on November 14, 1827 and died in 1913 in Manila. paternal great-great grandfather of Jose Rizal) which SIBLINGS the Spanish term Mercado means ‘market’ in English 1. SATURNINA RIZAL (1850-1913) - Eldest child of the Rizal-Alonzo marriage. Married Manuel Timoteo Hidalgo of Tanauan, Batangas.  2. PACIANO RIZAL (1851-1930) - Only brother Also took painting lessons and was taught by of Jose Rizal and the second child. Studied at Juancho, his school teacher’s father-in-law San Jose College in Manila; became a farmer He was the best student in school and later a general of the Philippine Revolution. RIZAL’S INFLUENCES 3. NARCISA RIZAL (1852-1939) - The third Father Francisco: value of self-respect, love for child. married Antonio Lopez at Morong, work, and independent thinking Rizal; a teacher and musician. 4. OLYMPIA RIZAL (1855-1887) - The fourth Mother Teodora: religiosity, high sense of self- child. Married Silvestre Ubaldo; died in 1887 sacrifice, and love for the arts from childbirth. Brother Paciano: love for freedom and justice 5. LUCIA RIZAL (1857-1919) - The fifth child. Married Matriano Herbosa. Sisters: being respectful and kind to women 6. MARIA RIZAL (1859-1945) - The sixth child. Married Daniel Faustino Cruz of Biñan, Uncle Gregorio: love for books and being Laguna. hardworking 7. JOSE RIZAL (1861-1896) - The second son Uncle Jose: develop his skills in painting, sketching, and the seventh child. He was executed by and sculpting the Spaniards on December 30,1896. 8. CONCEPCION RIZAL (1862-1865) - The RIZAL’S HIGHER EDUCATION eighth child, died at the age of three Studied in the Ateneo Municipal, which was 9. JOSEFA RIZAL (1865-1945) - The ninth child. under the supervision of the Spanish Jesuit An epileptic, died a spinster. priests 10. TRINIDAD RIZAL (1868-1951) - The tenth Was refused admission at first, because he child. Died a spinster and the last of the registered last and looked sickly and small family to die. for his age. But was nonetheless admitted 11. SOLEDAD RIZAL (1870-1929) - The youngest with the help and intercession of Manuel child married Pantaleon Quintero. Xeres Burgos, nephew of the martyred priest → Jose Rizal learned his letters at the age of 3 Jose was the first in the family who adopt the → Clay and wax were his favorite play materials surname “Rizal” → He used to have long walks with his big black Jose’s first professor at the Ateneo was Fr. dog named Usman, he also owns a pony Jose Bech Rizal’s family was a big complete family and was The Jesuit system of education was more capable of giving them education. He was later advanced than that of other colleges in that tutored by Leon Monroy who was his father’s old period classmate. Soon Monroy died and Jose Rizal was He took private lessons at the Santa Isabel sent to a private school in Binan. Rizal wrote College to improve his Spanish. Memorias De Estudiante De Manila which is him He obtained the degree Bachiller en Artes reminiscing his old days as a student. and was awarded sobresaliente (outstanding) The first poem of Jose Rizal is "Sa Aking Mga After finishing one year in Philosophy and Kabata". It is also known by the title "To My Fellow Letters, Rizal transferred to the medical Children". He has written it at the age of eight. course RIZAL’S CHILDHOOD / EARLY EDUCATION Rizal took up medicine following the advice of Fr. Pablo Ramon, the rector of the First teacher was his mother Ateneo and also to cure his mother’s At the age of 3, he learned to recite the growing blindness (cataract) alphabet and prayers He finished a surveying course in the He had private tutors who taught him Ateneo but was not given the title because lessons at home: Maestro Celestino and he was only 17 and underage Maestro Lucas Padua After finishing four years in the medical Leon Monroy taught Rizal Spanish and Latin course, Rizal decided to study in Spain. Was sent to a private school in Biñan to study 1st prize for his poem “A La Juventud under Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz Filipina” in the 1st literary contest he joined  “El Consejo delos Dioses”, won 1st prize La Solidaridad served as the principal organ also but was met with disapproval from the of the reform movement where most of the Spanish community in Manila articles featured talked about the possibility Rizal was unhappy at the UST because the of the Philippines becoming a province of Dominican professors were hostile to him Spain Filipino students were racially discriminated One of Rizal’s most important contributions against the Spaniards; the method of was the Letter to the Young Women of instruction was obsolete and repressive Malolos published on February 22, 1889 and The Indolence of the Filipino in 1890 RIZAL’S LIFE ABROAD NOLI ME TANGERE 1882 – Rizal left in secret for Spain to continue his studies as a part of a secret First half of Noli was written in Madrid, Spain pact with his brother Paciano from 1884-1885 His trip was primarily funded by Paciano Second part was completed and published He had stopovers in Singapore, Colombo, Sri in Berlin, Germany in 1887 Lanka, Egypt and Naples, Italy, France There are 63 chapters and about 480 pages before arriving in Barcelona, Spain Rizal personally designed the cover Rizal regularly met with some of his former Rizal has to remove some chapters of the schoolmates from Ateneo Municipal novel to reduce publication cost He wrote articles for a newspaper based in The novel portrays different aspects of Manila gaining independence which focuses on Dr. Jagor’s book inspired Rizal to do social climbers, abusive power, family something to emphasize that education is devotion, self-sacrifice, and purity and the answer to the Philippines’ current social faithfulness condition Jose Rizal personally designed the cover of Dr. Maximo Viola financed the publication Noli Me Tangere such that it contains of Rizal’s first book, Noli Me Tangere, in symbols that depict the social conditions of 1887 with 2,000 initial copies which were the Philippines when it was written given to Rizal’s friends in Spain, some were shipped to the Philippines that then NOLI ME TANGERE SYMBOLS reached the hands of the Governor-General 1. Maria Clara and the Archbishop of Manila 2. Cross Dr. Viola accompanied Rizal to Austria to 3. Bay leaves finally meet Dr. Ferdinand Blumentritt, 4. Burning torch with whom he exchanged letters and books 5. Sunflower for several years and whom he considered 6. Year 1887 as one of his advisers 7. Bamboo stalk 8. Chain and whip THE PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT 9. Helmet Propaganda is the spreading of information in 10. Hairy friar legs support of a cause. The word propaganda is often THE TRAVELS OF RIZAL used in a negative sense, especially for politicians who make false claims to get elected or spread Jose Rizal left the country in May 1882 to pursue rumors to get their way. In fact, any campaign that is further studies abroad. He enrolled in a course in used to persuade can be called propaganda. medicine at the Universidad Central de Madrid in Spain The purpose of propaganda is to influence people and try to get them to hold a certain belief or set → France / Germany of beliefs. Writing and distributing pamphlets to people is the best example of propaganda. He traveled to France and Germany to observe how medicine was being practiced there to specialize LA SOLIDARIDAD in ophthalmology. An organization composed of Filipino On October 1885 he went to Paris, France to take up liberals exiled in Spain advanced studies in ophthalmology. After his three- It was aimed to raise awareness of Spain on month sojourn in France, Rizal returned to Madrid the needs of its colony and thought about publishing a book that exposed the colonial relationship of Spain and the From 1888 to 1890 he shuttled between London Philippines. This idea was realized in March 1887, and Paris, where he wrote ethnographic and history- with the publication of the novel Noli Me Tangere in related studies, as well as political articles. He also Germany. frequently visited Spain, where he met with fellow Filipino intellectuals like Marcelo H. del Pilar, → Philippines Mariano Ponce, and Graciano Lopez-Jaena Rizal returned to Manila in August 1887, after five → France years in Europe. However, his homecoming was met by the friars’ furor over Noli Me Tangere. The In March 1891, Rizal finished writing his second Archbishop of Manila issued an order banning the novel, El Filibusterismo in France. He planned to possession and reading of the novel, an order that publish the book in Belgium, but was financially hard was later reinforced by the governor-general. up. His brother’s support from back home was delayed in coming, and he was scrimping on meals Six months later, pressured by the Spanish and expenses. Finally, in September 1890, El authorities as well as by his family and friends to Filibusterismo was published in Ghent using leave the country and avoid further persecution, donations Rizal left Manila for Hongkong. RIZAL VS. DEL PILAR → Hongkong Meanwhile, a rivalry had ensued between Rizal and Rizal left Manila for Hong Kong on February 1888. del Pilar over the leadership of the Asociación He traveled first to Hong Kong, where he stayed Hispano Filipino in Spain. Rizal decided to leave briefly and observed Chinese customs. He then took Europe to avoid the worsening rift between the a ferry to Macao and stayed with a wealthy Filipino Rizalistas and Pilaristas, and to help maintain unity man, observing the city. After two weeks in Hong among Filipino expatriates. After staying for some Kong studying Chinese culture, Rizal departed for time in Hong Kong, where he practiced medicine and Japan on an American steamer. planned to build a “New Calamba” by relocating → Japan landless Filipinos to Borneo, Rizal came home to the Philippines in June 1892 Rizal visited Japan in February and March 1888 after leaving Manila at the height of the controversy over his first novel, the Noli Me Tangere. In Japan, Rizal studied the habits and customs of the Japanese people, their language, theaters and commerce. He checked out of the Grand Hotel and entrained for Tokyo and there lodged at the Tokyo Hotel. He wrote Blumentritt about the honesty, courtesy, cleanliness and industry of the Japanese people. → USA Entering San Francisco, California, in April 1888, he visited the states of Nevada, Utah, Colorado, Nebraska, Illinois, and New York. He jotted down his observations of the landscape in his diary. → England Rizal arrived in England in May 1888. In August, he was admitted to the British Museum, where he copied Antonio de Morga’s massive study of the Philippines, Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas, which Rizal later annotated for publication “as a gift to the Filipinos.” In the museum he devoted his time reading all the sources on Philippine history that he could find.