Purposive Communication - PRELIM

Purposive Communication Ms.GRACE O. GUARIN Instructor Purposive Communication This is about writing, speaking, and presenting to different audiences and various purposes. (CMO 20 s. 2013)  Course Content ? Chapter 1: Communication in the Twenty-first Century ? Communication Mo...

Purposive Communication Ms.GRACE O. GUARIN Instructor Purposive Communication This is about writing, speaking, and presenting to different audiences and various purposes. (CMO 20 s. 2013)  Course Content ? Chapter 1: Communication in the Twenty-first Century ? Communication Models ? Communication Ethics ? Communication and Globalization ? World Englishes ? Chapter 2: Public Speaking and Reports in the Information Age ? Public Speaking ? A short History and Sample Speeches for Public Speaking ? The Tools needed in Critical Reports ? Best Practices in Public Speaking  Course Content ? Chapter 3: Workplace Communication ? Obtaining and Conveying Workplace Communication ? Presenting Yourself in the Workplace ? Workplace Etiquette ? Completing Relevant Work-Related Documents ? Job Interview ? Chapter 4: Persuasive Speaking in Private and Public Institutions ? Importance of Persuasive Speaking ? Persuasive Speech in Private Institutions ? Persuasive Speech in Public Institutions  Course Requirements ? Periodic Examinations (to be given online) - 40% ? Preliminary ? Midterm ? Semi-Final ? Final Examination ? Students Works- 60% ? Quizzes ? Assignments ? Recitation ? Online Synchronous and Asynchronous Activities What is Communication? Why is Communication important to you? Why is Communication important to society? Communication Derived from the latin word “communicare” or “communis” both of which means “to share”. Communication is defined as an exchange of facts, ideas, opinions or emotion by two or more persons.  IMPORTANCE OF COMMUNICATION ? It provides pleasure and interaction; thus, sustaining interpersonal relationship. ? It is a means to teach and to learn new concepts, principles, insights, and wisdom. ? It is used to make good decisions – personal, group, or business decisions. ? It provides knowledge and skills vital for a successful career. ? It is a means to promote to safeguard, to preserve, and to enjoy freedom of speech, which is a manifestation of our democratic way of living. ? It provides opportunities to change attitudes and beliefs. ? It is so dynamic and adaptive for the development of one’s personality  Elements of Human Communication 1. Sender is the one who initiates the communication. 2. Receiver also known as interpreter. Provides the sender with feedback which may prompt the sender to clarify the message or signal to carry on as planned 3. Message or the content is made up of the ideas and feelings that a sender- receiver wants to share with others. ▪ Verbal symbols ▪ Non – Verbal symbols 4. The Medium also called Channel, in which the message is transmitted (text messages, email, etc.) ▪Vocal message ▪Non – vocal message 5. Feedback the behavioral response of the sender-receiver to each other. It is the information that comes back to the sender of the message and informs how well the message is getting through. (Direct or indirect) ? 6. Context, this the interrelated conditions of communication. It consists of the following factors a. Physical milieu. This is where communication takes place the time of the day, the environmental conditions distance between or among communicators, and seating arrangements b. Social milieu. This is the nature of relationships existing between or among the communicators (what and how messages are formed, shared and understood would depend on whether the interaction takes place among family members, friends, work associates, and strangers). c. Psychological milieu. This is the communicator’s moods and feelings (the same joke that amuses you when in a jovial mood makes you explode angrily in a hostile mood) d. Cultural milieu. This includes beliefs, values, and norms shared by a large group of people Interaction is very much easier with someone of your own race and with one who has adapted to or assimilate your culture e. Historical milieu. This is the background provided by previous communication incidents between or among the communicators 6. Noise - This can be any sort of interference that affects the message being sent, received, or understood. 7. Context - refers to the surrounding/environment that helps shape the interaction between and/or among individuals. ▪ Physical context– the physical environment where the communication takes  Process of Oral Communication: is everything that goes inside the brain of an individual. Encoding is the process by which the sender, having assigned codes to come up with thought symbols (message) that are also comprehensible by the participant/s of the communication, transmits or sends message to its Transmission recipient. Having been submitted through sound waves and light waves, the comes from the sender then reaches the receiver. Receiving is the process by which the receiver interprets or assigns meanings to the codes transported by the source. Decoding response is anticipated by the sender from the receiver. Responding Communication Models The earliest Model comes from Aristotle at around 5 B.C. In this Model, Aristotle explains that speakers should adjust their messages according to their audience and the occasion to achieve a particular effect. The Shannon – weaver model was created by Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver (Flores. 2016). This model also often called the “Telephone Model”, since it was developed because of the technology of the telephone and experience of “Noise” coming from the switchboard. Sender – would be the person giving the message, while the encoder would be the transmitter which converts the message into signals. Osgood-Schramm Model of Communication According to the Osgood-Schramm model of communication (1954), you first encode an idea into a message when you want to communicate that idea with the outside world (or even just to yourself). Encoding and Decoding are not automatic processes both go through the filter of the interpreter. Therefore, the message may succeed of fail, based on the interpreter’s appreciation of the message. Osgood- Schramm Circular Model of Communication Second Model of Osgood- Schramm builds the theory about the interpreter into the different fields of experience of the sender and the receiver. For the message to reach the receiver, there must be a common field of experience between the sender and the receiver. Although the receiver might not fully appreciate all the nuances of the message, as there are parts of the sender’s experience that the receiver has no knowledge of, he receiver may still understand the meaning of the message. According to Sneha Mishra (2017), this field of experience may constitute “Culture, Social Background, beliefs, experiences, values, and rules.” According to White, it is possible to begin any of the stages outlined in his model. Since it is a circular model, it means that oral communication is a continuous process with no real beginning or end. The most important contribution from Eugene White’s model is the concept of feedback, which can only be processed by the speaker if he or she has been monitoring the audience of the listener. Hence, the speaker must also pay attention to he listener’s verbal and non-verbal cues (Flores, 2016) GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION ? Know your purpose in communicating. ? Know your audience ? Know your topic ? Adjust your speech or writing to the context of the situation ? Work on the feedback given Therefore…? Communication is not a simple process that starts with the speaker and ends with the listener- there are many factors that should be considered: ❑ When it comes to the message, how the message is organized and what field of experience it comes from should be taken into consideration. ❑ When it comes to the sender, the best communication is the one that involves feedback. ❑ To be good communicators, one needs to pay attention to how people are responding to the message, and adjust accordingly, rather than being preoccupied with simply expressing oneself.  Communication Ethics Ethical Communication Fundamental to responsible thinking, decision – making, and the development of the relationships, and communities within and across context, cultures, channels, and media. This enhances human worth and dignity by fostering truthfulness, fairness, responsibility, personal integrity, and respect for self and others.  Four Ethical Principles of Communication 1. “Advocate truthfulness, accuracy, honesty, and reason as essential to the integrity of communication” (NCA, 1999) 1. “Freedom of expression, diversity of perspective, and tolerance of dissent to achieve the informed and responsible decision-making fundamental to a civil society.” 1. “Condemn Communication that degrades individuals and humanity through distortion, intimidation, coercion, and violence, and through the expression of intolerance and hatred.” 1. “Accept responsibility for the short – and long- term consequences of our own communication and expect the same to others.”  Communication and Globalization Globalization The process of interaction and integration among people, companies, and governments worldwide. Communication One can communicate in a matter of seconds, whether one is sending email, chatting on social media, or sending text. One can read about different cultures, and have access to films, academic papers, and the like from countries around the world, and vice versa What is the importance of Communication in Globalization? Global communication is directly affected by the process of globalization, and helps to increase business opportunities, remove cultural barriers and develop a global village. Both globalization and global communication have changed the environmental, cultural, political and economic elements of the world.