Prefinal Coverage in NSTP 1 AY 2024-2025 1st Sem PDF

PREFINAL COVERAGE: SOCIAL REALITIES, PROBLEMS, AND ISSUES IN THE PHILIPPINES ✔ depressants create feelings of relaxation and tiredness Mental Health and Substance Abuse...

PREFINAL COVERAGE: SOCIAL REALITIES, PROBLEMS, AND ISSUES IN THE PHILIPPINES ✔ depressants create feelings of relaxation and tiredness Mental Health and Substance Abuse ✔ Depressants are not only some of the most highly addictive drugs, but they are also some of the most highly dangerous and likely to cause overdose. ✔ Mental Health Mental health involves leading a fulfilling life and navigating life's highs and Examples of depressants include: Alcohol, Opiates, Barbiturates lows. Stress, triggered by various factors, can impact mental health, with social media linked to increased depression and anxiety. 2. Stimulants Suicide ideation, though distinct from suicide, requires serious attention, ✔ Also known as “uppers” especially with high-risk factors. Protective factors, like a supportive network and ✔ the primary use of stimulants is to increase energy, concentration, and engaging in hobbies, can mitigate suicide risk. Recognizing early signs of mental wakefulness illness is crucial for seeking professional help promptly. ✔ In the short term, stimulants increase productivity and performance while Prevention involves attending to basic needs, establishing routines, cultivating producing an excited high of pleasure. social support, prioritizing self-care, and practicing relaxation techniques. ✔ In the long term, stimulants are incredibly addictive and have a very high Incorporating mindfulness and limiting social media use are also beneficial. potential for abuse. ✔ Examples of stimulants include: Nicotine, Cocaine, Methamphetamine Mental Health and Substance Abuse Individuals facing mental health challenges might use substances as a way 3. Hallucinogens to: ∙ cope ✔ Hallucinogens alter the user’s perception of reality. ✔ Often this results in auditory and visual hallucinations, a process known as ∙ seek relief from emotional pain “tripping.” Conversely, substance abuse can: ✔ Examples of hallucinogens include: LSD, Psilocybin Mushrooms, Ecstacy ∙ contribute to mental health disorders ∙ worsen mental health disorders 4. Inhalants ✔ a vast range of chemicals that are ingested primarily by breathing them in, or Substance Abuse and Drug Addiction huffing. 1. Substance abuse involves the harmful use of psychoactive substances, including ✔ Most inhalants are commonly used materials that are in no way designed to be alcohol and illicit drugs, leading to adverse physical, mental, and social ingested by humans. consequences. ✔ Examples of commonly abused inhalants include: Paint thinner, Nail polish remover, Gasoline 2. Drug addiction is a chronic disorder characterized by compulsive drug-seeking, continued use despite harm, and lasting changes in the brain. Commonly Used Illegal Drugs in the Philippines: 1. Shabu (Methamphetamine) - A powerful and highly addictive stimulant. Often in Drug Classification Based on Effect crystalline form, used by smoking, snorting, or injecting. 1. Depressants ✔ More commonly referred to as “downers” 2. Ecstasy (MDMA) - A synthetic drug altering mood and perception. Commonly  used in party or club settings, inducing increased energy and pleasure. Rodrigo Duterte's war on drugs in the Philippines, initiated in June 2016, has stirred significant controversy. 3. Marijuana (Cannabis) - A psychoactive drug from the Cannabis plant. Used for recreational and medicinal purposes, but illegal for recreational use in the ✔ Zero-Tolerance Approach Duterte adopted a strict zero-tolerance stance Philippines. against drug-related crimes, emphasizing a crackdown on traffickers, manufacturers, and users. 4. Cocaine - A potent stimulant derived from coca plant leaves. Known for stimulating the central nervous system, often used recreationally. ✔ Law Enforcement Operations The campaign involved aggressive police actions, including raids and anti-drug operations. Thousands were arrested, 5. Heroin - An opioid made from morphine, derived from opium poppy plants. and some suspects were killed during these operations. Highly addictive and illegal opioid. ✔ Extrajudicial Killings The war on drugs faced criticism globally due to 6. LSD (Lysergic Acid Diethylamide) - A hallucinogenic drug altering thoughts, allegations of extrajudicial killings. Human rights groups expressed concerns perceptions, and feelings. Typically taken orally, known for psychedelic effects. about abuses, lack of due process, and the potential harm to innocent individuals. Republic Act No. 9165 (Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002) Republic Act No. 9165, known as the Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002, is a law ✔ Shifts in Strategy Over time, there have been adjustments in the war on drugs. that takes a comprehensive approach to combat illegal drug activities in the Duterte acknowledged issues within the campaign, leading to shifts in Philippines. Here's a simplified overview: implementation and rhetoric. ✔ Coverage Natural Calamities and Disaster Risk Reduction and The law regulates the manufacture, importation, distribution, and possession of dangerous drugs, aiming to address illegal drug activities comprehensively. Management (DRRM) Natural Calamities in the Philippines ✔ Penalties The Philippines, an archipelago in Southeast Asia, is known for its Severe penalties, including imprisonment and fines, are prescribed for drug breathtaking landscapes, rich biodiversity, and vibrant culture. However, this tropical related offenses. The gravity of the offense determines the severity of the penalty. paradise is no stranger to the formidable forces of nature. Situated along the Pacific Ring of Fire and in the path of typhoons originating from the Pacific Ocean, the ✔ Anti-Money Laundering Philippines frequently experiences a range of natural calamities. The law addresses money laundering associated with illegal drug activities. The country's geological setting, marked by active tectonic plate boundaries and numerous volcanoes, adds another layer of complexity to the natural disaster ✔ Drug-Free Workplace Program landscape. The potential for seismic activities, volcanic eruptions, and associated It encourages the private sector to implement drug-free workplace programs, hazards necessitates a vigilant approach to disaster risk reduction and contributing to the goal of a drug-free society. management. The War on Drugs Episode Major Kinds of Hazards/Calamities 1. Earthquakes ∙ signifies the sudden and forceful discharge of steam and volcanic material from ∙ manifest as the sudden shaking, rolling, or shock of the Earth's surface ∙ the Earth's crust can either occur naturally or stem from human activities ∙ the active Mayon Volcano in Albay experienced its most recent eruption during ∙ despite their brevity, earthquakes can be intensely impactful, with their effects January-March 2018. Although thousands of people evacuated as a felt across vast regions precautionary measure, fortunately, there were no reported casualties. ∙ an illustrative instance occurred on November 17 in Sarangani, Davao Occidental, registering a magnitude of 6.8 Understanding DRRM Concepts and Processes 1. Disaster 2. Tsunami ✔ A disaster is a severe disruption of the functioning of a community or society ∙ a series of formidable waves generated by the rapid displacement of a body of ✔ marked by widespread human, material, economic, or environmental losses water, such as an ocean that surpass the affected community or society's capacity to cope with its own ∙ are triggered by various factors: fault movement on the sea, earthquakes, resources volcanic eruptions, and substantial meteorite impacts ✔ result from a combination of exposure to hazards, existing vulnerability, and ∙ the profound impact of Typhoon Yolanda in November 2013, particularly in insufficient capacity or measures to reduce or cope with potential negative Tacloban and adjacent provinces, led to a devastating tsunami, resulting in consequences. widespread municipal destruction 2. Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) 3. Typhoons/Floods ✔ is both a concept and a practice involving systematic efforts to analyse and ∙ large and potent tropical cyclones manage the causal factors of disasters ✔ encompasses activities aimed at reducing disaster risks, including minimizing ∙ originate from low-pressure areas rotating counterclockwise and containing exposure to hazards, lessening vulnerability of people and property, and rising warm air, forming over warm waters in the Western Pacific Ocean ∙ improved preparedness for adverse events. Typhoon Ondoy, occurring in September 2009, exemplifies the catastrophic consequences, striking southwest Luzon and causing widespread flood disasters DRR Activities ✔ Prevention - measures to avoid existing and new disaster risks. For example, 4. Landslides relocating exposed populations and assets away from hazard-prone areas. ∙ encompass a geological phenomenon characterized by a variety of ground movements, including rock falls, deep slope failures, and shallow debris flows ∙ ✔ Mitigation - lessening or limitation of adverse impacts of hazards and related one haunting memory etched in the minds of Filipinos is the colossal landslide disasters. that unfolded in Southern Leyte in February 2006, resulting in widespread loss Examples include constructing flood defenses, stabilizing slopes through tree of life and leaving an enduring impact on the region planting, and implementing strict land use and building construction codes. 5. Volcanic Eruption ✔ Preparedness - includes knowledge and capacities of governments, response organizations, communities, and individuals to effectively anticipate, respond to, and recover from likely, imminent, or current hazard events or conditions.  Examples include installing early warning systems, identifying evacuation routes, and preparing emergency supplies. Four Major Processes 1. Mitigation Measures and programs aimed at minimizing the impact of natural or man-made hazards on a nation or community, preventing disasters or related emergency situations. 2. Preparedness Pre-disaster actions and measures, such as community organizing, training, planning, equipping, stockpiling, hazard mapping, and public information and education initiatives, to avert or minimize loss of lives and properties. 3. Response Any coordinated effort by public or private agencies to provide emergency assistance or relief to disaster victims and restore essential public activities and facilities. Includes alert systems, rapid dissemination of warnings, and immediate notification of response units. 4. Rehabilitation The process of restoring affected communities or damaged public infrastructures to their normal or pre-disaster condition. It involves rebuilding livelihoods through projects such as food production, distribution of farming and fishing implements, rehabilitation of irrigation systems, community waterworks, housing repair, and reforestation. As we move forward, armed with a deeper understanding of DRRM concepts and processes, it becomes evident that fostering community engagement, implementing sustainable practices, and embracing international cooperation are imperative. By collectively striving towards these goals, we can not only reduce the impact of calamities but also pave the way for resilient, adaptive, and sustainable communities that stand resilient in the face of adversity.