Philippine History PDF

**PHILIPPINE HISTORY** The name **"Philippines"** Early Chinese traders who visited Mindoro called our nation **" Ma-yi "**, meaning Land of gold. ** "Maniolas"** - name given by Claudius Ptolemy, a Greek mapmaker, in his ancient map. **"Archipelago of St. Lazarus"**- name given by Magellan...

**PHILIPPINE HISTORY** The name **"Philippines"** Early Chinese traders who visited Mindoro called our nation **" Ma-yi "**, meaning Land of gold. ** "Maniolas"** - name given by Claudius Ptolemy, a Greek mapmaker, in his ancient map. **"Archipelago of St. Lazarus"**- name given by Magellan to our nation in 1521. **" Felipinas "** - a Spanish explorer named Ruy Lopez de Villalobos gave this name in honor of King Philip II. **"Pearl of the Orient Seas"** - Popular nickname for the Philippines. This was romantic name given to our country by two famous writers. **»Fr. Juan J. Delgado in 1751** **»Dr. Jose Rizal** **GEOGRAPHICAL FEATURES OF THE PHILIPPINES** **LOCATION** - Located in **SOUTHEARTERN ASIA** - **Archipelago** (large group of islands made up of 7,107 islands) - Part of Western Pacific arc system that is characterized by active volcanoes. **SHAPE AND SIDE** **SHAPE** - Elongated - Archipelago **AREA** - 115,830 square miles Coastline 22,549 miles **LENGTH** - 1851 km (1,150 miles) SSE-NNW **WIDTH** - 1,062 km ( 660 miles) ENE-WSW **SORROUNDING BODIES OF WATER** - **North**- Luzon Strait - **West**- South China Sea - **East**- Philippine Sea - **South**- Celebes Sea **TERRAIN AND POINTS** - Mostly mountainous - All islands are prone to earthquakes **LOWEST POINT** - Philippine Sea **HIGHEST POINT** - Mount Apo (9,691 feet) **CLIMATE** - **Hot and Dry** -- March to May - **Rainy** -- June to October - **Cool** -- November to February **TEMPERATURE** - 78A F/25A0C to 90A F/32A C ;humidity 77% **THE ISLANDS** - **Luzon** -- Northern Island - **Mindanao** -- Southern Island - **Visayas** -- Central group of Island **ELEVEN MAIN ISLANDS** 1\. Luzon 2\. Mindanao 3\. Samar 4.Negros 5\. Palawan 6\. Panay 7\. Mindoro 8\. Leyte 9\. Cebu 10.Bohol 11.Masbate **LUZON REGIONS** **I -ILOCOS REGION** - Major City: San Fernando City **II -CAGAYAN VALLEY** - Major City: Tuguegarao City **III -CENTRAL LUZON** - Major City: San Fernando City **III -CENTRAL LUZON** - Major City: San Fernando City **IV-B (MIMAROPA)** - Major City: Calapan City **V -BICOL REGION** - Major City: Legaspi City **NCR-NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION** - Major City: MANILA **CAR-CORDILLERA ADMINISTRATIVE REGION** - Major City: Baguio city **VISAYAS REGIONS** **VI -WESTERN VISAYAS** - Major City: IloIlo City **VII -CENTRAL VISAYAS** - Major City: Cebu City **VIII -EASTERN VISAYAS** - Major City: Tacloban City **MINDANAO REGIONS** ** IX -WESTERN MINDANAO** (ZAMBOANGA PENINSULA) - Major City: Pagadian City ** X -NORTHERN MINDANAO** - Major City: Cagayan De Oro City ** XI -SOUTHERN MINDANAO** - (DAVAO REGION) - Major City: Davao City **PHILIPPINE TOPOGRAPHY** The Philippines has a varied topography. It has a coastline of 36,289 km. Many islands have extensive coral reefs that attract tourists from everywhere. The larger islands have rugged, mountainous interiors, mostly ranges running north to south. **FOUR MAJOR LOWLAND AREAS** - Luzon Central Plain - Cagayan Valley - Agusan Valley - Cotabato Valley **MAJOR MOUNTAIN RANGES** - Cordillera - Caraballo - Sierra Madre - Mt. Kitanglad - Mt. Igmatongtong **VOLCANOES** There are about 221 volcanoes, 21 are active. The Philippines lies on the volatile Pacific **" Ring of Fire "** and most of the highest mountains are volcanic in origin. **EXAMPLE OF ACTIVE VOLCANOES** Mt. Mayon Mt. Pinatubo **PHILIPPINE DEMOGRAPHY** **LANGUAGES** - **2 official languages:** English and Filipino - **8 major dialects :** 1.Bikol 2\. Cebuano 3.Hiligaynon (Ilonggo) 4.Ilocano 5.Kapampangan 6.Pangasinan 7.Tagalog 8.Waray **RELIGION** 83 % Catholics 5 % Muslim 12 % smaller Christian dominations and other religion **PREHISTORY** Theories on the Origin of the Philippines 1\. The Land Bridges Theory 2\. Plate Tectonics Theory 3\. Sunda Shelf Theory 4\. Volcanic Eruption Theory 5\. Continental Drift Theory 6\. The Lost-Continent Theory **SUNDA LAND**: Atlantis in the Java Sea, Nov 16, 2016 - Implications in the Philippines of the Sunda land: It was believed that we are part of mainland Asia **Taiwan route and Borneo route** **EARLY INHABITANTS** The inhabitants of the Philippines originally consisted of different tribes scattered throughout its islands. The following are: - Negritos - Indonesians - Malays - Chines - Indians - Arabs These tribes were generally free and were each governed by a system of laws promulgated by the datu or a council of elders **EARLY INHABITANTS** - These tribes were divided into three (3) groups/strata. 1\. **Maharlika** -- Nobles 2\. **Timawa** -- Freeman 3\. **Alipin** -- Slaves **EARLY FORM OF ECONOMIC LIFE**. Hunting. Fishing. Farming. Mining. Weaving. Ship Building. **Barter** - as way of trading with other tribe or group of people **EARLY FORM OF GOVERNMENT** - Their government was called **balangay** (from malay term balanghay/hai) which was composed of 30-100 families. - The three important powers of the government were vested in one person, **the datu, rajah, or sultan.** **How were laws made?** The chieftain made the necessary rules with the consultation of the elders of the balangay/barangay. A public announcer called **"umalohokan"** was summoned and ordered to go around the barangay to announce the promulgation of the new rules. **KINDS OF LAWS** - **Customary**- based on customs, traditions and beliefs. - **Written**- such as the code of kalantiao and the code of maragtas **Subjects dealt with the customary and written laws** - Inheritance - Property rights - Divorce - Family relations - Usury - Adoptions - Partnership - Loans - Crimes and punishment **Kinds of major crimes** - Rape - Insult - Incest - Trespassing - Murder - Sacrilegious act - Witchcraft - Larceny **Kinds of minor crimes** - Adultery - Cheating - Petty theft - Perjury - Disturbance of peace and order - Destroying documents own by the chief. **Kinds of penalties** - Death - Heavy fine - Exposure to ants - Small fine - Flogging - Cutting of fingers - Swimming for a certain number of hours **JUDICIAL PROCESS** Every dispute will be resolved by the **" court "** which is composed of the chieftain as the judge and the barangay eleders as the jury. **Procedures** Trials were held publicly, and decisions were rendered promptly. The accused and the accuser faced each other with their respective witnesses. **Trial by ordeal** It is practiced determining the guilt of a person. It was to resorted in order to show that God in his infinite wisdom always took the side of the innocent. **Examples of trial by ordeal** - The suspects were ordered to place a stone in a vessel with boiling water and compelling them to dip their hands into the vessel to take out the stone. The suspect who refused to obey the command was regarded as the culprit. - The man whose hand was scalded the most was considered the guilty one. - The second consisted in giving lighted candles to the suspects. The man whose candle unfortunately died out first was regarded as the guilty party. - The third consisted of ordering the suspects to plunge into the river or lake with lances. He who came to the surface first was considered guilty. - Fourth Exposure to ants **Filipino Values/Traits** Hospitality Close Family Ties Respect for the elders Fatalistic Tendency to be indolent Regionalistic Matiisin Superstitious Beliefs Utang na Loob Sentimental