Philippine History Introduction PDF

INTRODUCTION TO PHILIPPINE HISTORY CONCEPT OF HISTORY  What is history? It was derived from the Greek word “historia,” which means investigation, inquiry, recorded knowledge of past events. As the study of man, his growth and development in all aspects – political, economic...

INTRODUCTION TO PHILIPPINE HISTORY CONCEPT OF HISTORY  What is history? It was derived from the Greek word “historia,” which means investigation, inquiry, recorded knowledge of past events. As the study of man, his growth and development in all aspects – political, economic, social, cultural, and religion. Three Important Parts About Knowing A Country’s History: 1. PEOPLE 2. LAND 3. GOD  The name “Philippines” Early Chinese traders who visited Mindoro called our nation “ Ma-yi ” , meaning Land of gold. “Maniolas”- name given by Claudius Ptolemy, a Greek mapmaker, in his ancient map. “Archipelago of St. Lazarus”- name given by Magellan to our nation in 1521. “ Felipinas ” - a Spanish explorer named Ruy Lopez de Villalobos gave this name in honor of King Philip II.  “Pearl of the Orient Seas” Popular nickname for the Philippines. This was romantic name given to our country by two famous writers; »Fr. Juan J. Delgado in 1751 »Dr. Jose Rizal GEOGRAPHICAL FEATURES OF THE PHILIPPINES Geography of the Philippines Location Shape and size Neighboring countries and surrounding bodies of water Terrain and Points Other Facts LOCATION - Located in Southeastern Asia. - It is an Archipelago made up of more than 7,000 islands. - Part of a Western Pacific arc system that is characterized by active volcanoes. Geographic Coordinates: 13 00 N, 122 00 E Capital City: Manila SHAPE AND SIZE Shape Elongated Archipelago Area 115,830 square miles Coastline 22,549 miles Length 1,851 km (1,150 mi) SSE-NNW Width 1,062 km (660 mi) ENE-WSW http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/Asia-and-Oceania/Philippines-LOCATION-SIZE-AND-EXTENT.html Surrounding Bodies of Water North- Luzon Strait West- South China Sea East- Philippine Sea South- Celebes Sea Terrain and Points -mostly mountainous -all islands are prone to earthquakes Lowest Point- Philippine Sea Highest Point- Mount Apo (9,691 feet)  Climate – Hot and Dry – March to May – Rainy – June to October – Cool – November to February – Temperature : 78A0F/25A0C to 90A0F/32A0C ;humidity 77%  ISLANDS Three Group of Islands: luzon mindanao http://www.spug.ph/luzon/images/luzon.jpg visayas http://photos.state.gov/galleries/manila/279945/300x234/mindanaoMap.jpg http://www.fcarehmo.com.ph/newface/Providers/images/Visayas_With%20Name.jpg  Eleven main Islands 1. Luzon 7. Mindoro 2. Mindanao 8. Leyte 3. Samar 9. Cebu 4. Negros 10.Bohol 5. Palawan 6. Panay 11.Masbate  LUZON REGIONS I -ILOCOS REGION NCR-NATIONAL CAPITAL Major City: San Fernando City REGION Major City: MANILA II -CAGAYAN VALLEY Major City: Tuguegarao City CAR-CORDILLERA ADMINISTRATIVE REGION III -CENTRAL LUZON Major City: Baguio city Major City: San Fernando City IV-A (CALABARZON) Major City: Calamba City IV-B (MIMAROPA) Major City: Calapan City V -BICOL REGION Major City: Legaspi City  VISAYAS REGIONS VI -WESTERN VISAYAS Major City: IloIlo City VII -CENTRAL VISAYAS Major City: Cebu City VIII -EASTERN VISAYAS Major City: Tacloban City  MINDANAO REGIONS IX -WESTERN MINDANAO XII - CENTRAL MINDANAO (ZAMBOANGA PENINSULA) (SOCCKSARGEN) Major City: Pagadian Major City: Koronadal City City X -NORTHERN MINDANAO XIII - CARAGA REGION Major City: Cagayan Major City: Butuan De Oro City City XI -SOUTHERN MINDANAO ARMM- AUTONOMOUS REGION (DAVAO REGION) OF MUSLIM MINDANAO Major City: Davao Major City: Cotabato City City  Philippine Topography  The Philippines has a varied topography. It has a coastline of 36,289 km. Many islands have extensive coral reefs that attract tourists from everywhere. The larger islands have rugged, mountainous interiors, mostly ranges running north to south.  Four major Lowland Areas: Luzon Central Plain Cagayan Valley http://mw2.google.com/mw-panoramio/photos/small/22870115.jpg https://easternseastar21.files.wordpress.com/2013/06/isabela-hills.jpg Agusan Valley Cotabato Valley http://static.panoramio.com/photos/large/82379189.jpg http://www.imagesofasia.com/html/philippines/images/large/colabato- valley.jpg  Major Mountain Ranges: Cordillera Caraballo VOLCANOES There are about 221 volcanoes, 21 are active. The Philippines lies on the volatile Pacific “ Ring of Fire ” and most of the highest mountains are volcanic in origin. Example of Active Volcanoes Mt. Mayon Mt. Pinatubo https://c1.staticflickr.com/1/12/93545563_961e5d8ac6.jpg http://pubs.usgs.gov/pinatubo/punong1/fig4a.jp g Philippine  Languages – 2 official languages: English and Filipino – 8 major dialects : 1.Bikol, 2. Cebuano, 3.Hiligaynon (Ilonggo), 4.Ilocano, 5.Kapampangan, 6.Pangasinan, 7.Tagalog, 8.Waray https://www.doh.gov.ph/population  Languages Religion – 2 official languages: 83 % Catholics English and Filipino 5 % Muslim – 8 major dialects : 12 % smaller Christian 1. Bikol, dominations and other 2. Cebuano, religion 3. Hiligaynon (Ilonggo), 4. Ilocano, 5. Kapampangan, 6. Pangasinan, 7. Tagalog, 8. Waray  PREHISTORY Theories on the Origin of the Philippines 1. The Land Bridges Theory 2. Plate Tectonics Theory 3. Sunda Shelf Theory 4. Volcanic Eruption Theory 5. Continental Drift Theory 6. The Lost-Continent Theory  SUNDA LAND Implications in the Philippines of the Sunda land: It was believed that we are part of mainland Asia Taiwan route Borneo route By: Atlantis in the Java Sea, Nov 16, 2016  Early Inhabitants The inhabitants of the Philippines originally consisted of different tribes scattered throughout its islands. The following are: Negritos Indonesians Malays Chinese Indians Arabs These tribes were generally free and were each governed by a system of laws promulgated by the datu or a council of elders.  Early Inhabitants These tribes were divided into three (3) groups/strata. 1. Maharlika - Nobles 2. Timawa - Freeman 3. Alipin - Slaves  Early form of Economic Life. Hunting. Fishing. Farming. Mining. Weaving. Ship Building. Barter - as way of trading with other tribe or group of people  Early form of Government Their government was called balangay(from malay term balanghay/hai) which was composed of 30-100 families. The three important powers of the government were vested in one person, the datu, rajah, or sultan.  How laws were made?  The chieftain made the necessary rules with the consultation of the elders of the balangay/barangay.  A public announcer called umalohokan was summoned and ordered to go around the barangay to announce the promulgation of the new rules.  KINDS OF LAWS CUSTOMARY- based on customs, traditions and beliefs. WRITTEN- such as the code of kalantiao and the code of maragtas  Subjects dealt with the customary and written laws Inheritance Property rights Divorce Family relations Usury Adoptions Partnership Loans Crimes and punishment  Kinds of major crimes Rape Insult Incest Tresspassing Murder Sacrilegious act Witchcraft Larceny  Kinds of minor crimes Adultery Cheating Petty theft Perjury Disturbance of peace and order Destroying documents own by the chief.  Kinds of penalties  Death  Heavy fine  Exposure to ants  Small fine  Flogging  Cutting of fingers  Swimming for a certain number of hours  JUDICIAL PROCESS Every dispute will be resolved by the “ court ” which is composed of the chieftain as the judge and the barangay eleders as the jury. Procedures Trials were held publicly and decisions were rendered promptly. The accused and the accuser faced each other with their respective witnesses.  Trial by ordeal It is practiced to determined the guilt of a person. It was resorted to in order to show that God in his infinite wisdom always took the side of the innocent.  Examples of trial by ordeal The suspects were ordered to place a stone in a vessel with boiling water and compelling them to dip their hands into the vessel to take out the stone. The suspect who refused to obey the command was regarded as the culprit.  The man whose hand was scalded the most was considered the guilty one. The second consisted in giving lighted candles to the suspects. The man whose candle unfortunately died out first was regarded as the guilty party.  The third consisted of ordering the suspects to plunge into the river or lake with lances. He who came to the surface first was considered guilty.  Fourth Exposure to ants  Filipino Values/Traits  Hospitality  Close Family Ties  Respect for the elders  Fatalistic  Tendency to be indolent  Regionalistic  Matiisin  Superstitious Beliefs  Utang na Loob  Sentimental