Practice Quiz Answers Week 4-5 PDF

Practice Quiz \#3 1\. What assumption is critical when using plasma creatinine concentration to estimate glomerular filtration rate (GFR)? 2\. A patient diagnosed with heart failure has been prescribed a diuretic. Which of the following correctly identifies the function of the diuretic in reducing...

Practice Quiz \#3 1\. What assumption is critical when using plasma creatinine concentration to estimate glomerular filtration rate (GFR)? 2\. A patient diagnosed with heart failure has been prescribed a diuretic. Which of the following correctly identifies the function of the diuretic in reducing edema? 3\. A patient being treated for sepsis has a large increase in serum creatinine. Which of the following is most likely true? 4\. A clinician is reviewing patient records. Which of the following patients is at the greatest risk for nephrolithiasis? 5\. A 6-year-old patient has been diagnosed with strep throat. Which of the following indicates a potential renal complication of the infection? 6\. Which of the following factors contributes to the risk of medication toxicity in older adults? 7\. What is the cause of increased urinary albumin to creatinine ratio in a patient with diabetic nephropathy? 8\. Which kidney-regulating substance increases to compensate for states of hypervolemia and hypertension? 9\. Which type of patient is at the greatest risk for prerenal kidney injury? 10\. How does chronic hypertension cause kidney damage? 11\. Which mechanism is associated with increased risk of later life kidney disease after preterm birth? 12\. Which of the following does not represent the pathophysiology of atrial fibrillation? 13\. Six (6) hours after the start of symptoms, which of the following lab values will most directly reflect cardiac damage? 14\. A patient's echocardiogram shows thinning of the wall of the left ventricle resulting in an ejection fraction of 34%. Which of the following is most likely true? 15\. When heart failure stimulates neurohormonal compensation, which of the following worsens the heart failure? 16\. A patient comes to the clinic complaining of chest pain and syncopal episodes with exertion. Upon auscultation, a diminished S2 is heard. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? 17\. Many changes occur in the heart with aging. Which of the following is the most concerning? 18\. Which arrhythmia is associated with an **accessory pathway** between the atria and the ventricles? 19\. Which of the following does not represent the pathophysiology of atrial fibrillation? 20\. What is the major influence of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) on preload? 21\. Which factor differentiates between non ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and unstable angina (UA)? 22\. Why is inhibition of the enzyme neprilysin by the drug sacubitril predicted to improve outcomes in heart failure? 23\. What type of heart sound is expected to result from incomplete closing of the mitral valve due to chronic mitral regurgitation? 24\. What is a critical cardiovascular consequence of administering a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) to a mother late in pregnancy? 25\. High concentrations of elastic tissue in the walls of the aorta and large arteries allow for which property of these vessels?