Characteristics, Processes, and Ethics of Research PDF

Characteristics, Processes, and Ethics of Research Practical Research / Session 3 Objectives: This lesson introduces the characteristics of research, particularly qualitative research. Further, the discussion will also include the ethics...

Characteristics, Processes, and Ethics of Research Practical Research / Session 3 Objectives: This lesson introduces the characteristics of research, particularly qualitative research. Further, the discussion will also include the ethics of research and the important considerations on matters concerning the participants. It was six men of Indostan, To learning much inclined, Who went to see the Elephant (Though all of them were blind), That each by observation Might satisfy his mind. The First approach'd the Elephant, And happening to fall Against his broad and sturdy side, At once began to bawl: "God bless me! but the Elephant Is very like a wall!" The Second, feeling of the tusk, Cried, -"Ho! what have we here So very round and smooth and sharp? To me 'tis mighty clear, This wonder of an Elephant Is very like a spear!" The Third approach'd the animal, And happening to take The squirming trunk within his hands, Thus boldly up and spake: "I see," -quoth he- "the Elephant Is very like a snake!" The Fourth reached out an eager hand, And felt about the knee: "What most this wondrous beast is like Is mighty plain," -quoth he,- "'Tis clear enough the Elephant Is very like a tree!" The Fifth, who chanced to touch the ear, Said- "E'en the blindest man Can tell what this resembles most; Deny the fact who can, This marvel of an Elephant Is very like a fan!" The Sixth no sooner had begun About the beast to grope, Then, seizing on the swinging tail That fell within his scope, "I see," -quoth he,- "the Elephant Is very like a rope!" And so these men of Indostan Disputed loud and long, Each in his own opinion Exceeding stiff and strong, Though each was partly in the right, And all were in the wrong! Comprehension Questions What does each blind man compare the elephant to? Identify all six comparisons. Why do the blind men arrive at different conclusions about the elephant? What is the significance of the line, "Though each was partly in the right, And all were in the wrong"? What lesson is the poet trying to convey through this story? In research, why is it important to use multiple methods or perspectives when studying a phenomenon? Relate this to how the blind men approached the elephant Characteristics of Research Characteristics of Research Employs Systematic Empirical Controlled hypothesis Original Analytical Objective Work Characteristics of Research Systematic Research follows orderly and sequential procedures, based on valid procedures and principles. Researchers are advised to refer to the research guidelines provided or prescribed by the school. Characteristics of Research Empirical Research is based on observations and experimentation of theories. It considers the direct experiences that fuse the researcher’s speculation with reality.  Characteristics of Research Controlled In research, all variables, except those that are tested/ experimented on, are kept constant Characteristics of Research Employs The hypothesis guides the Hypothesis investigation process. Research refers to a search for facts, answers to questions and solutions to problems. Characteristics of Research Analytical There is a critical analysis of all data used so that there is no error in the research interpretations. Characteristics of Research Objective The term also refers to the research as unbiased and logical. All findings are logically based on empirical data, which as earlier mentioned, are based on real life situations. Characteristics of Research Original Requires effort to get all the Work researcher’s own investigation and produce the data needed to complete the study. Go to the library to check on the originality of your work. Ethics and Research Ethics and Research ETHICS- Norms of conduct that distinguish between acceptable and unacceptable behavior.  Research Ethics: 1. A research project needs to be designed to create valid outcomes if it is believed to be pursuing truth. 2. Researchers have a duty to ensure that they do not deliberately mislead participants as to the nature of the research. 3. Researchers have a duty to avoid causing both physical and psychological difficulties to participants. 4. Researchers are ethically bound to maintain the privacy of participants and confidentiality for any information they give and anonymity for their identity. 5. Society trusts that the results of research reflect an honest attempt to describe the world accurately and without bias. Synthesis: It is the researcher’s ethical responsibility not to harm the human participants. Some Ethical Principles 1. Honesty 2. Objectivity 3. Integrity 4. Carefulness 5. Openness 6. Respect for Intellectual Property Some Ethical Principles 7. Confidentiality 8. Responsible publication 9. Respect for colleagues 10. Social Responsibility 11. Non-discrimination 12. Competence 13. Legality Ethical Challenge: Conflict of interest between the researcher and the what is being researched Ethical Issues: The researcher may uncover or get hold of practices that may not be acceptable. The issues of anonymity and confidentiality. The researcher is expected to give back to the participants of the research and to show appreciation for their commitment of time, effort and cooperation. The researcher writes a letter and seeks to be allowed to conduct a study. Define the Review the Research Formulate Hypothesis Design Research Literature Problem Interpret Analyze Collect and Report Data Data The Research Process THINGS TO CONSIDER IN CONDUCTING RESEARCH 1.KNOWLEDGE 2.TIME 3.AFFORDABILITY 4.ACCESSIBILITY 5.APPLICABILITY 6.NOVELTY Implications to Research: A Picture of Relativism and Tolerance In turn, everyone creates his/her own version of reality from experience and perspective. Therefore, research provides a solid foundation for the discovery and creation of knowledge. Warning: Limited touch of truth turn into overreaching misinterpretations and misjudgments. Synthesis: Open our eyes wider and seek every opportunity to discover/experience the totality. Thank You! Summative Test On Friday