Practical Research 1 Lesson 2 - Research Design PDF

FIAT LUX ACADEME CAVITE PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1 LESSON 2: RESEARCH DESIGN Prepared by: Jolina Gabayno, LPT SHS Faculty  LEARNING OBJECTIVES At the end of this lesson, the learners are expected to: 1. differentiate quantitative and qualit...

FIAT LUX ACADEME CAVITE PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1 LESSON 2: RESEARCH DESIGN Prepared by: Jolina Gabayno, LPT SHS Faculty  LEARNING OBJECTIVES At the end of this lesson, the learners are expected to: 1. differentiate quantitative and qualitative research 2. describe the characteristics of qualitative research 3. explain the strengths and weaknesses of qualitative research design FIAT LUX ACADEME CAVITE - SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT  QUALITATIVE RESEARCH? What is Qualitative Research? is primarily subjective in approach as it seeks to understand human behavior and reasons that govern such behavior. The reason why Quantitative Research is objective in approach in the sense that it only seeks precise measurements and analysis of target concepts to answer his inquiry. FIAT LUX ACADEME CAVITE - SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT  QUALITATIVE VS. QUANTITATIVE QUALITATIVE RESEARCH QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH It aims to create new theory The purpose is to test a based on the gathered data. hypothesis or theory Objective Fact-finding research used to Measures problem using gain understanding of rating scale and other individual differences in research parameters of terms of feelings and group similarities. experiences. FIAT LUX ACADEME CAVITE - SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT  QUALITATIVE VS. QUANTITATIVE QUALITATIVE RESEARCH QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH natural setting measurement setting making stories out of a certain performs measures out of a phenomenon. certain Data phenomenon. Description Uses pictures, words, sentences, Uses numbers, scales, paragraphs, compositions, hypotheses, narrations and short stories calculations, computations and statistics tools. FIAT LUX ACADEME CAVITE - SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT  QUALITATIVE VS. QUANTITATIVE QUALITATIVE RESEARCH QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH Small judgment (by decision) Large sample representatives of sampling population Typically uses small sample sizes Requires large sample sizes to because the focus is on gaining in- ensure statistical representativeness depth insights and understanding and generalizability of results. Sample complex phenomena. Size Often employs non-probability Commonly uses probability sampling methods, such as sampling methods, such as random, purposive, snowball, or convenience stratified, or systematic sampling, to sampling, to select participants who achieve a representative sample of can provide rich, detailed the population. information. FIAT LUX ACADEME CAVITE - SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT  QUALITATIVE VS. QUANTITATIVE QUALITATIVE RESEARCH QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH Unstructured or semi structured Standardized /Structured (flexible processes) Uses interviews, participant Uses census, survey questionnaire, observation, group discussions. checklist, paper pencil test and Ex: Case Study, field research experimentation. Data Uses open ended questions. Uses closed ended questions. Gathering It is a freeform survey questions These questions can only be allow a participant to answer in answered by selecting from a limited open-text format, responses are number of options, usually unlimited to a set of options. “multiple-choice”, “yes” or no”, or a rating scale FIAT LUX ACADEME CAVITE - SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT  QUALITATIVE VS. QUANTITATIVE QUALITATIVE RESEARCH QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH (Inductive) (Deductive) The researcher starts with the Starts from a hypothesis or already observations, an open mind without created theory emphasizing the biases, gathering all exact details of previously researched phenomenon the topic and generalization or new theory is given towards the end of from different views (tested against Activities the research process observations) Someone who uses INDUCTIVE reasoning makes specific DEDUCTIVE reasoning is a specific observations and then draws a conclusion follows a general theory. general conclusion. FIAT LUX ACADEME CAVITE - SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT  QUALITATIVE VS. QUANTITATIVE QUALITATIVE RESEARCH QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH Uses both inductive and deductive They are not mutually exclusive with each other in research. Inductive method or “bottom-up” is used if the researcher starts discussions from the lowest and highest means then explains the overall mean. Data Deductive or “top-down “if discussion is from the overall mean going to the discussions lowest and highest means, deductive. and Presentation Opinions are based on Opinions are based on laws, experience or observation. rules, or other recognized There are no criteria used in data principles. discussions. FIAT LUX ACADEME CAVITE - SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT  QUALITATIVE VS. QUANTITATIVE QUALITATIVE RESEARCH QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH Synthesize data, interpret, Statistical thematic. Objective Subjective Data Analysis Data analysis is influenced by the The researcher employs standard personal experiences and views. criteria in analyzing data Cultivates understanding with Endorse a development. Outcome high validity. Has high output replicability. There are no conclusions Conclusion is formulated towards formulated. the end of the research process. FIAT LUX ACADEME CAVITE - SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT  QUALITATIVE VS. QUANTITATIVE TYPES OF QUALITATIVE TYPES OF QUANTITATVIVE RESEARCH RESEARCH ETHNOGRAPHY DESCIPTIVE NARRATIVE CORRELATIONAL PHENOMENOLOGICAL META-ANALYSIS GROUNDED CASUAL-COMAPARATIVE CASE STUDY EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN FIAT LUX ACADEME CAVITE - SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT  STRENGTHS OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH In a qualitative research, issues can be examined in detail and in depth. Interviews are not restricted to specific questions and can be guided/redirected by the researcher in real time. The research framework and direction can be quickly revised as new information emerges. FIAT LUX ACADEME CAVITE - SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT  STRENGTHS OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH The data based on human experience that is obtained is powerful and sometimes more compelling than quantitative data. Subtleties and complexities about the research subjects and/or topic are discovered that are often missed by more positivistic inquiries. Data usually are collected from a few cases or individuals so findings cannot be generalized to a larger population. Finding can however be transferable to another setting. FIAT LUX ACADEME CAVITE - SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT  LIMITATIONS OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH Research quality is heavily dependent on the individual skills of the researcher and more easily influenced by the researcher’s personal biases and idiosyncrasies. Rigor is more difficult to maintain, assess, and demonstrate. It is sometimes not as well understood and accepted as quantitative research within the scientific community. FIAT LUX ACADEME CAVITE - SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT  LIMITATIONS OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH The researcher’s presence during data gathering, which is often unavoidable in qualitative research, can affect the subjects’ responses. Issues of anonymity and confidentiality can present problems when presenting findings. Findings can be more difficult and time consuming to characterize in a visual way. FIAT LUX ACADEME CAVITE - SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT  TYPES OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH What is Research Design? The research design enables the researcher to organize the components of his or her research in an orderly and coherent manner. This will ensure that the research or study will effectively address the research topic or problem. The research design is also a template for the collection, measurement and analysis of data. FIAT LUX ACADEME CAVITE - SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT  TYPES OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH 1. Case Study Long time study of a person, group, organization or situation and an empirical inquiry that investigates current phenomenon. FIAT LUX ACADEME CAVITE - SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT  TYPES OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH 1. Case Study Example: 1. Teenage Pregnancy in the Public High Schools 2. Understanding the Coping Strategies of Senior High School Students Facing Academic Stress at Fiat Lux Academe FIAT LUX ACADEME CAVITE - SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT  TYPES OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH 2. Historical Research It is a qualitative method where there is an examining of past events to draw conclusions and make predictions about the future. FIAT LUX ACADEME CAVITE - SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT  TYPES OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH 2. Historical Research Example: 1. The Impact of Ferdinand Marcos’ Speech 2. Examining the Development of Senior High School Curriculum and Its Impact on Student Outcomes from 2010 to 2024 FIAT LUX ACADEME CAVITE - SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT  TYPES OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH 3. Ethnographic Research This type of research focuses on the study of the phenomenological reality of individuals, their behavior in natural settings, and the total context affecting them. This type of study uses interviews, observations, and document analysis. It is usually focuses on culture. FIAT LUX ACADEME CAVITE - SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT  TYPES OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH 3. Ethnographic Research Example: 1. Cultural Awareness and Integration of Peace Education in the Indigenous People (IP) Communities 2. Demographic Profile and Migratory Adaptations of Squatter Families in Barangay Cutcut, Angeles City (Dela Cruz, 1994) FIAT LUX ACADEME CAVITE - SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT  TYPES OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH 4. Grounded Theory takes place when there is a discovery of new theory which underlies your study at the time of data collection and analysis. This type of qualitative research is one which discovered, developed, and provisionally verified. It is done through systematic data collection and data analysis pertaining to phenomenon. FIAT LUX ACADEME CAVITE - SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT  TYPES OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH 4. Grounded Theory Example: 1. The Story Behind the Migration of Christians from Visayas and Luzon to Mindanao 2. Understanding the Coping Strategies of Caregivers of Individuals with Chronic Illness FIAT LUX ACADEME CAVITE - SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT  TYPES OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH 5. Phenomenological Research “live-experienced” of a phenomenon. This type of research emphasizes a direct study of personal experiences of participants and the understanding of the nature of human consciousness. FIAT LUX ACADEME CAVITE - SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT  TYPES OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH 5. Phenomenological Research Example: 1. Lived Experiences of Immigrant Parents in Adapting to a New Educational System 2. The Emotional and Psychological Experiences of Spouses of Individuals Undergoing Rehabilitation FIAT LUX ACADEME CAVITE - SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT  TYPES OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH 6. Narrative Research designed to present things or events that have happened in the past through a logical progression of the relevant information. The main purpose of a narrative report is to present a factual depiction of what has occurred. FIAT LUX ACADEME CAVITE - SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT  TYPES OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH 6. Narrative Research Example: 1. Vocabulary Building of Students through Proper Solid Waste Management 2. Sharing the Journey: Personal Stories of Overcoming Addiction from the Perspective of Family Members FIAT LUX ACADEME CAVITE - SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT