Educational Technology 1: The Cone of Experience - PDF

Okay, here is the structured markdown format of the provided content: # EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY 1 The Cone of Experience The Cone of Experience is a visual model, a pictorial device that presents bands of experience arranged according to degree of abstraction and not degree of difficulty. The fart...

Okay, here is the structured markdown format of the provided content: # EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY 1 The Cone of Experience The Cone of Experience is a visual model, a pictorial device that presents bands of experience arranged according to degree of abstraction and not degree of difficulty. The farther you go from the bottom of the cone, the more abstract the experience becomes. The cone of experience is illustrated below. It is depicted as a triangle split into sections. The bottom section is broad and labeled "Low (Concrete)". The top is narrow and labeled "(Abstract) High". The sides are labeled "Motor Skills & Attitudes", "Cognitive Skills", and "Information", on the left, and "Degree of Abstraction" on the right. The sections are labeled, from bottom to top: - Direct - Purposeful Experiences - Contrived Experiences - Dramatized Experiences - Demonstrations - Field Trips - Exhibits - Motion Pictures - Audio / Recordings / Photos - Pictures/ Visual Symbols - Text / Verbal Symbols ## Concrete vs. Abstract Learning | Concrete Learning | Abstract Learning | | :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | First-hand experiences | Difficulty when not enough previous experience or exposure to a concept | | Learner has some control over the outcome | | | Incorporates the use of all five senses | Every level of the Cone uses abstract thinking in come way | ## Concrete A photo of the Earth. ## Abstract The text "EARTH" ## Direct and Purposeful Experience - Direct, First hand Experience - Have a direct participation in the outcome - Use of all our senses There are two photos. The first one shows a group of people loading items into boxes on a set of steps. The second shows a group of children working with an adult, sitting around a table. ## Contrived Experience - Models and mock-ups - "editing of reality" - Necessary when real experience cannot be used or are too complicated There are two photos. The first is a mock-up of a street, built from Lego pieces. The second a group of students inspecting a mock-up of a building. ## Dramatized Experience - Reconstructed experiences - Can be used to simplify an event or idea to its most important parts - Divided into two categories - Acting - actual participation (more concrete) - Observing - watching a dramatization take place (more abstract) There are two photos. The first shows a class performing a play. The second shows an audience watching a performance. ## Demonstration - Visualized explanation of an important fact, idea, or process - Shows how certain things are done There are two photos. The first is an instructor demonstrating an experiment to a class. The second is an instructor describing something to a small group, while pointing at an item on the table. ## Field Trips - Watch people do things in real situations - Observe an event that is unavailable in the classroom There are two photos. The first is of a class that went to visit an airplane hangar. The second is of a class observing people demonstrating something outside. ## Exhibits - Something seen by a spectator Two types - Ready made - Home-made There are two photos. The first is of a group of people touring an art exibit. The second is of a group of kids making art to display. ## Educational Television and Motion Pictures ### Television - Bring immediate interaction with events from around the world - Edit an event to create clearer understanding than if experienced actual event firsthand ### Motion Picture - Can omit unnecessary or Unimportant material - Used to slow down a fast process - Viewing, seeing and hearing experience - Can re-create events with simplistic drama that even slower students can grasp ## Recordings, Radio and Still Pictures - Can often be understood by those who cannot read - Helpful to students who cannot deal with the motion or pace of a real event or television ## Visual Symbols - No longer involves reproducing real situations - Chalkboard and overhead projector the most widely used media - Help students see an idea, event, or process ## Verbal Symbol Two types - Written words - more abstract - Spoken words - less abstract