Dorothea Orem & Hildegard Peplau Theories PDF

Dorothea Elizabeth Orem & Hildegard Peplau Presented By ~GROUP 2~ Dorothea Elizabeth Orem Background  Dorothea Orem Personal Life Education Life Works July 15, 1914...

Dorothea Elizabeth Orem & Hildegard Peplau Presented By ~GROUP 2~ Dorothea Elizabeth Orem Background  Dorothea Orem Personal Life Education Life Works July 15, 1914 Attended Seton High School Theory of Self – Care (1931) Born at Baltimore, Maryland Father – Benjamin Orem (Construction worker) Enrolled at Providence Theory of Self – Care Deficit Hospital School of Nursing Mother – Adelaide (Washington, D.C.)(1934) Theory of Nursing Systems Orem(Homemaker) Youngest among her siblings Studied at Catholic University of America (1939) Died at the age of 93, (June 22, 2007) Became an M.S. (1945) Introduction to the Theories 3 Major Theories o Theory of Self – Care o Theory of Self – Care Deficit o Theory of Nursing System “A state characterized by soundness or wholeness of developed human structures and of bodily and mental functioning” — Dorothea Elizabeth Orem  Theory of Self – Care The Theory of Self-Care: practice of activities on their own behalf a. Self-Care: practice of activities that individuals perform independently on their behalf in maintaining life, health, and well-being. b. Self-Care Agency: ability for engaging in self-care activities c. Self – Care Requisites: Universal self-care Requisites Developmental Self – Care Requisites Health Deviation Self – care Requisites d. Therapeutic Self – Care Demand: This evaluates total care activities that are needed to meet the individual’s self care needs at the given time or even over a period of time.  The Theory of Self-care Deficit Individuals are affected from time to time by limitations that do not allow them to meet their self-care needs. Relationship between an individual’s therapeutic self-care demand and his powers of self-care agency A self-care deficit is an inability to perform certain daily functions related to health and well-being, such as dressing or bathing. Self-care deficits can arise from physical or mental impairments, such as surgery recovery, depression, or age-related mobility issues.  The Theory of Nursing Systems The Theory of Nursing Systems: series and sequences of deliberate practical actions of nurses performed at times in coordination with the actions of their patients 3 classifications: Wholly compensatory Partially compensatory Supportive-educative system Orem’s Model for the Theory of Self – Care and Theory of Self – Care Deficit ASSUMPTIONS  Assumptions of the Self-Care Theory To stay alive and remain functional, humans engage in constant communication and connect among themselves and their environment. The power to act deliberately is exercised to identify needs and to make needed judgments. Mature human beings experience privations in the form of action in care of self and others involving making life- sustaining and function-regulating actions. Human agency Is exercised in discovering, developing, and transmitting to others ways and means to identify needs for, and make inputs into, self and others. Groups of human beings with structured relationships cluster tasks and allocate responsibilities for providing care to group members METAPARADIGM  METAPARADIGM 01 Person Health 03 Has the capacity to When human reflect, symbolize, beings are and use symbols structurally and functionally whole A unity that can or sound function biologically, symbolically, and socially 02 Environment Nursing 04 Composed of An art of helping environmental others to render factors. elements, the patient or the conditions, and members of his developmental family, capable of environment meeting the patient's self-needs  Importance of the Theories Dorothea E. Orem's theories have played a significant role in shaping nursing practice both in the past and today. Her theories of Nursing Systems, Self-Care Deficit, Self-Care, and Dependent Care are integral to understanding patient care, the roles of nurses, and how nursing can evolve for the future.  Theory of Nursing Systems Redefining Nursing as Decision-Makers – This emphasized the role of nurses as decision-makers, planners, and agents of care rather than passive followers. Personalized and Collaborative Care - Nurses are seen as collaborative partners with patients, adjusting care based on health-related deficits, rather than merely treating symptoms. Adapting to Complex Healthcare Needs - This theory will help future nurses manage increasingly complex cases involving both individuals and larger groups.  Theory of Self-Care Deficit Redefining Patients' Role in Self-Care – Nurses began to assess patients not just for their physical symptoms but also for their ability to care for themselves. Guiding Nursing Interventions and Patient Empowerment - This helps nurses prioritize patients who need more help and empower others to take on more responsibility for their care. Promoting Independence in Preventive Care - Nurses will continue to use this theory to promote independence while ensuring that patients receive the care, they cannot provide for themselves.  Theory of Self-Care Patients through Self-Care– this theory encouraged nurses to educate patients about how to care for themselves, empowering them to maintain their health beyond the hospital or clinic. Central Role of Patient Education in Modern Nursing - Nurses teach patients how to manage their own health conditions, from diabetes management to wound care. Enhancing Self-Care - Future nurses will need to rely even more on educating patients for self-care in technologically advanced environments. Summary of Dorothea Orem Hildegard Peplau Background  Hildegard Peplau Personal Life Education Life Works September 1, 1909 Graduated from Pottstown School Interpersonal of Nursing in (1931). Relationship Born at Pottstown, Pennsylvania B.A. in interpersonal psychology from Bennington College (1943). Father – Gustav Peplau M.A. in psychiatric nursing from Mother – Ottylie Peplau Teachers College, Columbia University (1947). Died at the age of 89, (March 17, 1999) Ed.D. in Curriculum Development from Columbia University (1953). Received Honorary Doctoral Degrees from prestigious universities including Alfred, Duke, and Rutgers. ASSUMPTIONS  Assumptions of the Interpersonal Relations Theory Nurse and the patient can interact. Peplau emphasized that both the patient and nurse mature as the result of the therapeutic interaction. Communication and interviewing skills remain fundamental nursing tools. And lastly, Peplau believed that nurses must clearly understand themselves to promote their client’s growth and avoid limiting their choices to those that nurses value. Introduction & Background of the Theory  Nurse – Patient Relationship Orientation: the person and the nurse mutually identify the person's problem Identification: the person identifies with the nurse, thereby accepting help Exploitation: the person makes use of the nurse's help Resolution: the person accepts new goals and frees herself or himself from the relationship  Nursing Roles Stranger Role: Receives the client the same way one meets a stranger in other life situations Resource Person Role: Answers questions, interprets clinical treatment data, gives information. Teaching Role: Gives instructions and provides training Counselling Role: Helps client understand and integrate the meaning of current life circumstances Surrogate Role: Helps client clarify domains of dependence, interdependence, and independence Active Leadership Role: Helps client assume maximum responsibility for meeting treatment METAPARADIGM  METAPARADIGM 01 Person Health 03 An organism that Symbolizes lives in an unstable movement of the personality and other ongoing processes 02 Environment Nursing 04 Forces outside the significant, organism in context therapeutic, of socially approved interpersonal way of living process Summary of Hildegard Peplau Thank you!! For listening, MWA MWAA