Gas Laws: Boyle's, Charles's, Pressure Law and Avogadro's - PDF

TOPIC: B The particulate nature of matter Chapter: B.3 Gas Laws (Boyle’s law) Pages: 252 Date: 19 th January 2025  LEARNING OBJECTIVES During and at the end of the lesson, the students will be able to:  Analyze the relationship between pressure and volume.  Apply concepts to solve...

TOPIC: B The particulate nature of matter Chapter: B.3 Gas Laws (Boyle’s law) Pages: 252 Date: 19 th January 2025  LEARNING OBJECTIVES During and at the end of the lesson, the students will be able to:  Analyze the relationship between pressure and volume.  Apply concepts to solve problems related to Boyle’s law.  REAL-LIFE APPLICATION Syringes. When the plunger of a syringe is pushed down, the volume changes. It causes a change in pressure. This forces the liquid out. Breathing. Mechanism of breathing is a direct application of Boyle’s law. Diving. Boyle’s law is crucial for divers. Concepts/Example Activities  Pressure is defined as the force per unit area.  P = F/A ,A is the area on which the force acts  Unit of pressure is N/m2 or pascal (Pa)  Thought provoking question 1. What ways do you think wearing pointed shoes can damage the flooring materials? 2. How do thumb pins penetrate the surfce while our thumbs do not? How do you think a gas exerts pressure? Concepts/Example Activities  Gas pressure arises from the force exerted by the gas molecules colliding with the walls of the container.  The pressure of the gas depends on the quantities such as the number of gas particles in the container, the volume of the container and the absolute temperature of the gas. Compare figures 1 and 2. Do you think the volume of the container affects the pressure of the gas inside? Explain Concepts/Example Activities When the volume of a container is decreased,the gas molecules have less space in which to move around.As a result they strike the walls of the container more often and the pressure increases.  Boyle’s law The pressure P of a given mass of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume when the temperature is a constant. P  1/V PV = constant P1V1 = P2V2  Thought provoking question 1. A sample of argon undergoes compression in a sealed container. The following data are given. Initial volume = 35.0 cm 3 Initial pressure = 9.6 x 10 Pa 4 Final volume = 6.00 cm3 Final pressure = 5.60 x 10 Pa 5 Show that the initial and final temperatures of the gas are the same.  RESOURCES: Please click the link below for detailed learning https://youtu.be/W4Fb9jYV_YU  TOPIC: B The particulate nature of matter Chapter: B.3 Gas Laws (Charles’s law) Pages: 252 Date: 20th January 2025  LEARNING OBJECTIVES During and at the end of the lesson, the students will be able to:  Analyze the relationship between volume and temperature.  Apply concepts to solve problems related to Charles’s law. REAL-LIFE APPLICATION Hot air balloons: air inside the balloon is heated. Baking and cooking: carbon dioxide produced by yeast is responsible for the rise and fullness of baked goods like bread and cake. Combustion process in a car engine.  Absolute zero Absolute temperature is temperature measured using the kelvin scale. Temperature in kelvin = Temperature in C + 273 0 Example: 25 C = 25 + 273 =298 K 0 Compare the two figures shown below. Share your insights  Charles’s Law The volume (V) of a fixed mass of a gas at constant pressure is directly proportional to absolute temperature (T) VT V/T = constant V1/T1 = V2/T2  Ideal gas A gas which obeys gas laws in at all temperatures and pressure is called an ideal gas.  TOPIC: B The particulate nature of matter Chapter: B.3 Gas Laws (Pressure law, Avogadro law, Ideal gas equation) Pages: 252 Date: 2 January 2025 nd  LEARNING During andOBJECTIVES at the end of the lesson, the students will be able to:  Analyze the relationship between pressure and temperature.  Apply concepts to solve problems related to pressure law.  Apply concepts of avogadro’s law and ideal gas equation.  REAL-LIFE APPLICATION Pressure cookers: Pressure inside the cooker changes as the temperature changes. Gas storage tank: In industrial applications, gas storage tanks must be designed to withstand the changes in temperature and pressure. Industrial gas production: Avogadro’s law is used to scale up production processes. Compare the two figures shown below. Share your insights  Pressure law (Gay-Lussac’s law The pressure of a fixed quantity of gas at constant volume is directly proprtional to the absolute temperature. P T Compare the two figures shown below. Share your insights  Avogadro’s law The quantity of gas (in mol) at constant temperature and pressure is directly proportional to the volume of the gas. nV  Ideal gas equation (Equation of state for an ideal gas