PPG REVIEWER.docx

**Power** do something that is desired, when an individual can direct the actions of others in a society. It can be seen in a movement. From Merriam Webster Dictionary, Power is: the ability to act or produce an effect : ability to get extra-base hits, capacity for being acted upon or undergoin...

**Power** do something that is desired, when an individual can direct the actions of others in a society. It can be seen in a movement. From Merriam Webster Dictionary, Power is: the ability to act or produce an effect : ability to get extra-base hits, capacity for being acted upon or undergoing an effect, possession of control, authority, or influence over others, physical might How does Power exercise? \- Power is exercised when you get people to do things which they may not do of their own accord. People act accordingly on what you want them to do because they are compelled to do so. - It may take a form of decision making, agenda setting or thought-control. **Power as decision making** \- The decisions are enforced on the members or the followers of the group. It can be implemented thru force, intimidation, productive exchanges where mutual gain is included and the creation of obligations, loyalty and commitment. - In Philippines, all the departments of government make decisions. **Power as agenda setting** - power may also be exercised through the prevention of making the decisions or nondecision-making. If a person dictates the agenda in a group, unwanted suggestions or issues may not be discussed. **Power as thought control** - Power may also be seen through the capacity to shape a person's thoughts, wants and needs which can be exercised through ideological brainwashing or psychological control. - In repressive states, citizens undergo brain-washing and mind control in which the virtues of ideology are constantly drummed up in their consciousness. - Propaganda is repeatedly broadcast and disseminated to mold individual thoughts and actions. \- Power may also be seen through the capacity to shape a person's thoughts, wants and needs which can be exercised through ideological brainwashing or psychological control. - In repressive states, citizens undergo brain-washing and mind control in which the virtues of ideology are constantly drummed up in their consciousness. - Propaganda is repeatedly broadcast and disseminated to mold individual thoughts and actions. Types of Power 1\. **Police Power** \- - to regulate liberty and property for the promotion of the general welfare. The most pervasive, the least limitable and the most demanding of the three powers. Salus populi suprema lex (the welfare of the people is the supreme law) - sic utere tuo ut alienum non laedas (use your own property in such a manner as not to injure that of another) - manifested in the enactment of a law meant to exercise the police power of the state to regulate or govern certain activities or transactions of individuals. 2\. **Power of Eminent domain** \- the inherent right of the state to condemn a private property to public use upon payment of just compensation. This is only exercised through a petition for expropriation filed in the Regional Trial Court, where the expropriating entity is required to pay an initial deposit to take immediate possession of the property. Conditions: 1. Adequacy of the compensation 2. The necessity of the taking and 3. the public-use character of the purpose of the taking. Section 1, Article III of the 1987 Constitution states that "No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law, nor shall any person be denied the equal protection of the laws." Section 9 states that "Private property shall not be taken for public use without just compensation" Public Purpose or Public Use: From the Literal to the Liberal The old concept must be actually used by the general public (roads, bridges, public plazas etc.) before the taking thereof could satisfy the constitutional requirement of "public use." Public use means public advantage, convenience, or benefit which contributes to the general welfare and the prosperity of the whole community (like resort complex for tourist or housing project). Agrarian reform is also included here for it is intended to liberate the tenants and farm workers from the bondage to the soil in order for them to own small plots of land to till. [Who May Exercise this Power?] The power of eminent domain is lodged in the legislative branch of government, which may delegate the exercise thereof to local government units (LGUs), other public entities and public utilities. The President shall determine when it is necessary to exercise this power in behalf of the National Government. The local government may also exercise the power to expropriate private property only when authorized by Congress and subject to the latter's control and restraints imposed "through the law conferring the power or in other legislations." Requisites for the LGUs Exercise of the Power of Eminent Domain An ordinance is enacted by the local legislative council authorizing the local chief executive, on behalf of the LGU, to exercise the power of eminent domain or pursue expropriation proceedings over a particular private property. This power is exercised for public use, purpose and welfare, or for the benefit of the poor and the landless. There is payment of just compensation, as required under Section 9 Article III of the Constitution and other pertinent laws. A valid and definite offer has been previously made to the owner of the property sought to be expropriated, but said offer was not accepted. 3\. **Power of Taxation** Taxation is the power of the state to assess and collect taxes. These taxes are necessary to run the government, serves as the lifeblood of the nation, the operations of the government would grind to a halt. The Purpose of Taxation taxes are imposed and collected to enable the government to pay its debts, provided for the defense of the state and promote general welfare (here, there can be an endless use to which taxing power can be applied) The state imposes taxes for the ff: To raise revenue To regulate To protect **Consequences of Power** \- Power implies control, and not merely supervision. \- If responsibility is taken lightly or disregarded, then no good result can be expected from the exercise of power. \- In the Philippines, political power is often wielded by the President while the political leaders gravitate toward the chief executive of the country. \- Those who buck the power structure often find themselves left out in the cold, hence cannot expect support and assistance from the national government. \- If the country is to seriously take the path to development, its political leaders must exercise their power responsibly. \- They must be aware that the exercise of power has far-reaching consequences. It has a great impact on the society and nor only on those who voted them to office.