PPG 11_12 Q1 0401 PS Presentation PDF

Lesson 4.1 States and Nations Philippine Politics and Governance General Academic Strand | Humanities and Social Sciences Do you want to edit this presentation? Make a copy and edit in Google Download an offline copy Slides. and edit i...

Lesson 4.1 States and Nations Philippine Politics and Governance General Academic Strand | Humanities and Social Sciences Do you want to edit this presentation? Make a copy and edit in Google Download an offline copy Slides. and edit in Microsoft PowerPoint. 1. On the menu bar, click File and then Make a copy and Entire 1. On the menu bar, click File and then Presentation. Download as. 2. Type a name for the file. 2. Choose a file type. Select Microsoft 3. Choose where to save it on PowerPoint (.pptx). your Google Drive. 3. Wait for the file to be downloaded to your 4. Click Ok. local disk. 5. A new tab will open. Wait for 4. Once completely downloaded, open the the file to be completely loaded file and edit it using Microsoft PowerPoint on a new tab. or any offline presentation program. 6. Once the file has loaded, edit this presentation using Google 2 Slides. Identify the pictures shown on the next slides. 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 What do they share in common? Why are they important? 10  What is a nation? What is a state? What does it mean to belong in both? 11  Learning Competenci es Define nation and state (HUMSS_PG12-Ie- 15). Differentiate nation from state (HUMSS_PG12-Ie-16). 12  Learning Objectives Define the concepts of a nation and a state. Differentiate a nation from a state. Explain the importance of nations and states in understanding politics. 13  Your Ideal Country Explor e 1. The class will be divided into groups with four to five members each. 2. Create your fictional ideal country complete with an official name and official flag. Write your country's official name and draw your official flag on the box found on your study guide. 14  Your Ideal Country Explor e 3. Each group also needs to explain the following: a. What unites the people in this country? b. What makes this country distinct and independent from other countries? 4. Write these details in the lines following the box found on your study guide. 15  Your Ideal Country Explor e 5. Present your countries to the class. Defend why you think your countries are “ideal” and functional. The other groups should also be given time to ask questions to the presenting group. 16  1. What answers do the groups have Explor in common? e 17  2. Why is it important to have a Explor unified country that is distinct and e independent from other countries? 18  3. What is the value of having a flag, Explor name, and unity for a country? e 19 Essenti al Questio n On what basis can a group of people call themselves a “nation”? 20  Defining a Nation “a large group whose members believe they belong together on the basis of a shared identity as a people” (Sodaro 2001, 145) 21 Defining a Nationhood defined by two forces: (1) group’s need for cohesion and (2) individual members’ desire to belong (Yagcioglu 1996) 22 Types of Nations Ethnic Nations Political Nations cultural nations multiethnic or Shared identities are multicultural nation derived from common Shared identities are language, culture, derived from religion, territory, political allegiance or history. and forged civic loyalty. 23 Types of Nations Ethnic Nations Political Nations embody Herder’s idea identity through of Volksgeist (“spirit invented traditions of the people”) (Hobsbawm 1983) formed organically, diverse and tend to ethnically be more open homogenous, and tend to be more exclusive 24  Check Your Progress What is the source of shared identity in an ethnic nation? How about in a political nation? 25  Defining a State “a political association that establishes sovereign jurisdiction within defined territorial borders and exercises authority through a set of permanent institutions” (Heywood 2013, 57) 26 Four Elements of Statehood 1. Territory Unlike nations, states claim exclusive sovereignty over their defined territories. 27  Four Elements of Statehood 2. Population legally defined citizens and inhabitants 28 Four Elements of Statehood 3. Government public offices that create, implement, and settle conflicts regarding the laws of the territory 29  Defining a State 4. Sovereignty supreme power to make the final decisions within a territory 30 Dimensions of Sovereignty Sovereignty External Internal recognition of a state’s the state’s authority over sovereignty over its its territory territory by other states 31 Historical Development 16th–17th century Europe 1. secularization of public sphere 2. modern industrial system’s replacement of feudal system 3. frequent wars 32  Historical Development The Peace of Westphalia ended the Thirty Years’ War and formalized the concept of territorial sovereignty in Europe. The Age of Colonization exported the concept of the state to other continents. 33  State Capacity and Autonomy State-building the crucial process of constructing functional and legitimate state institutions 34 State Capacity and Autonomy Strong States high state capacity and state autonomy Weak States overpowered by societal groups or dictated by narrow interests Failed States / states with ineffective Quasi-States institutions and rampant criminality, terrorism, poverty, and warlordism 35  Check Your Progress What led to the rise of the state as a modern form of political organization? 36  Differentiating Nations and States They are not rival forms of political associations; they complement each other. A nation is a psychocultural cultural concept while a state is a political-legal one. ○ Non-overlap: Some nations do not have territory and are spread across different states and are governed by their respective states (e.g., the Jewish nation). ○ Overlap: This is the concept of a nation-state. 37  Differentiating Nations and States Nation-state People’s cultural and political identities (ethnicity) align with their state allegiance (citizenship). ○ Example: Japan This is difficult to achieve in today’s highly globalized and diverse world. A simultaneous process of nation-building and state- building is a challenge especially for postcolonial, multiethnic states. ○ Example: Philippines 38  Fill in the Blanks or Completion Try Fill in the missing words to make the statements This! correct. 1. ______________ is the process of constructing functional and legitimate state institutions. 39  Fill in the Blanks or Completion Try Fill in the missing words to make the statements This! correct. 2. A/An _____________ state is a state that is overpowered by its society. 40  Fill in the Blanks or Completion Try Fill in the missing words to make the statements This! correct. 3. State ______________ exists when societal groups and classes cannot dictate state policy. 41  Fill in the Blanks or Completion Try Fill in the missing words to make the statements This! correct. 4. In a/an ______________ state, government institutions are too weak to suppress groups that seek to overturn state authority. 42  Fill in the Blanks or Completion Try Fill in the missing words to make the statements This! correct. 5. A/An ______________ exists when the population’s cultural and political identities align with their political allegiance. 43  A nation is a group of people who believe that Wrap- they belong together on the basis of some Up shared identity. This shared identity can come from common ethnic features (as with ethnic nations) or from commonly held political principles and allegiance (as with political nations). Nation-building is the process through which a national identity is cultivated among the people in a nation. 44  A state is a political association that has Wrap- sovereign jurisdiction over a defined territory Up and has the power to exercise authority through a working government. Its four essential elements include territory, population, government, and sovereignty (internal and external). 45  The state was a product of modernization and Wrap- wars in Europe and was brought to other Up continents via colonization. For states to be effective, they need to have high state capacity and state autonomy (state- building). A problem most multiethnic states are facing today is how to unite their multiethnic populations under a single national identity. 46 Challen ge In theory, states are supposed to uphold Yourself external sovereignty by not intervening in one another’s domestic affairs. In reality, this is hardly the case. Identify and explain one way by which some states influence others’ domestic affairs. 47 Photo Credits Slide 4: Saigon 1967 - A huge water buffalo by manhhai is licensed under CC BY 2.0 via flickr. Slide 5: Jeepney overloaded by Keith Christopher Bacongco is licensed under CC BY 2.0 via Wikimedia Commons. Slide 8: The Philippine Eagle by shankar s. is licensed under CC BY 2.0 via flickr. Slide 21: Jaleo Sant Lluís by Eladio Anxo Fernández Manso is licensed under CC BY 2.0 via flickr. Slide 26: 1966 Leaders signing the Manila summit agreement at Malacanang Palace by manhhai is licensed under CC BY 2.0 via Creative Commons.org. Slide 28: Sailors make arts and crafts with children in Manila by Official U.S. Navy Page is licensed under CC BY 2.0 via flickr. Slide 29: Philippine Flags showcased at Government Center, Bacolod City by Marco Verch Professional Photographer is licensed under CC BY 2.0 via flickr. Slide 30: The beach of Sabang, west coast of Palawan, Philippines by Vyacheslav Argenberg is licensed under CC BY 4.0 via Wikimedia Commons. Slide 34: Parliament Building by David Stanley is licensed under CC BY 2.0 via flickr. 48 Bibliography Anderson, Benedict. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism, Revised Edition. Pasig City: Anvil Publishing Inc., 2003. Doner, Richard. “Approaches to the Politics of Economic Growth in Southeast Asia.” The Journal of Asian Studies 50, no. 4 (1991): 818-849. https://doi.org/10.2307/2058543. Heywood, Andrew. Politics, 4th Edition. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013. Hobsbawm, Eric, and Terence Ranger, eds. The Invention of Tradition. Canto Classics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012. doi:10.1017/CBO9781107295636. 49 Bibliography Lallana, Emmanuel. State Formation and Nation Construction in the Philippines. Quezon City: UP College of Social Sciences and Philosophy, 1995. Lingga, Abhoud Syed M. "Understanding Bangsamoro Independence as a Mode of Self-Determination." Mindanao Journal 27 (2004): 3-12. Migdal, Joel. Strong Societies and Weak States: State Society Relations and State Capabilities in the Third World. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1988. Sodaro, Michael. Comparative Politics: A Global Introduction. Singapore: McGraw Hill Companies, Inc., 2001. Tilly, Charles. Coercion, capital, and European states, AD 990-1992. Cambridge, Mass: Blackwell. 2015. Yacioglu, Dimostenis. “Nation-States vis-a-vis Ethnocultural Minorities: Oppression and Assimilation versus Integration and Accommodation.” Geocities. 1996. http://www.oocities.org/ athens/8945/minor.html. 50