PPD & PPC 101 Lec3 Routes of drug admin PDF

PPD & PPC 101- Pharmacy Orientation Fall 2024-2025 Lec. (3) Routes of drug administration  2 Learning Objectives By the end of this lecture student will be able to know the different proper routes of drug...

PPD & PPC 101- Pharmacy Orientation Fall 2024-2025 Lec. (3) Routes of drug administration  2 Learning Objectives By the end of this lecture student will be able to know the different proper routes of drug administration Dr. Nancy Abou Youssef 10/21/2024  3 Routes of Drug Administration Local / Site specific Systemic administration administration means that the drug is carried from the site of means that the drug is administration to a site of administered to the tissue in activity elsewhere and need of drug therapy potentially exposes all body tissues to drug. Dr. Nancy Abou Youssef 10/21/2024  Routes of Drug administration 4 Systemic Local administration administration Alternate Oral Parenteral Routes Subcutaneous Intramuscular Intravenous Injection (s.c) Injection (IV) * Topical to injection (IM) the skin or mucosa of (nose, ear, oral cavity, vagina, rectum, bronchi, eye) Routes of Drug Administration Dr. Nancy Abou Youssef 10/21/2024  For each route of drug 5 administration: Each Route: Advantages &Dis-advantages(Challenges) Possible dosage Forms Onset of action 1st Pass metabolism Dr. Nancy Abou Youssef 10/21/2024  I. Oral route (p.o) of drug 6 administration Through swallowing for absorption along the GIT into systemic circulation. p.o (form Latin per-os) is the abbreviation used to indicate oral route of drug administration. Most common dosage forms include: Tablets, Capsules, Syrups or Suspensions. Dr. Nancy Abou Youssef 10/21/2024  I. Oral route of drug 7 administration Advantages Disadvantages Convenient (self-administered, Sometimes inefficient (only part pain free) of the drug is absorbed) Easy in manufacture Can cause irritation to gastric mucosa Cheap (compared to other Drugs can be affected by dosage forms) gastric juices Absorption can take place Can be affected by along the GIT First pass metabolism Slow onset of action Dr. Nancy Abou Youssef Unpleasant taste of some 10/21/2024 drugs  I. Oral route of drug 8 administration (continued) First-pass metabolism Is the term used for hepatic metabolism of a medicine when it is taken orally and delivered to the liver via the portal circulation. This means that some drugs go to the liver before getting into the systemic blood circulation, which can result in extensive metabolism of the drug before it can be effective, which leads to Dr. Nancy Abou Youssef 10/21/2024 a decreased bioavailability.  Routes of Drug administration 9 Systemic Local administration administration Parenteral Subcutaneous Intramuscular Intravenous Injection (s.c) Injection (IV) injection (IM) Routes of Drug Administration Dr. Nancy Abou Youssef 10/21/2024  10 II. Parenteral route of drug administration Parenteral administration is injection or infusion by means of a needle or catheter inserted into the body, The term Parenteral comes from the Greek words: Para………. outside Enteron….the intestine Dr. Nancy Abou Youssef 10/21/2024  11 II. Parenteral route of drug administration Intramuscular (90oangle ) Dr. Nancy Abou Youssef 10/21/2024  12 II. Parenteral route of drug administration Advantages Disadvantages Suitable for drugs Invasive and painful (lower hydrolyzed in GIT patient compliance) Suitable for drugs with poor Risk of embolism with IV absorption (Protein- based) (given in hospitals only) Suitable in cases of un- Have to be sterile consciousness and vomiting Lower doses and side Only one direction effects Dr. Nancy Abou Youssef 10/21/2024  II. Parenteral route of drug 13 administration (a. Intravenous injections-IV) Is the fastest route for drug administration, medication is injected directly to a vein. Used either for: rapid and direct response or for avoiding irritation of the tissues. It is the preferred route in cases of emergency, but must be in hospitals. Aqueous, hydro-alcoholic, and some emulsions could only be injected. Dr. Nancy Abou Youssef 10/21/2024  II. Parenteral route of drug 14 administration (b. Intramuscular injections- IM) Injection into the skeletal muscle Slower onset of action and longer duration (depot effect) compared to IV Easier administration than IV Suspensions and oil based injections for prolonged release Pain at site of action of certain drugs 10/21/2024 Dr. Nancy Abou Youssef  II. Parenteral route of drug 15 administration (c. Subcutaneous injections- s.c) Injected under the skin into subcutaneous fat Absorption is slower than IM and IV, so action is prolonged. Least painful type of injections Patient can give it to themselves-Self administered (as Insulin injections) Dr. Nancy Abou Youssef 10/21/2024  II. Parenteral route of drug 16 administration (d. Intra dermal injections) Usually used in cases of sensitivity tests. Injected superficially,..in the skin layers Dr. Nancy Abou Youssef 10/21/2024  Routes of Drug administration 19 Systemic Local administration administration Alternate Routes TraTransmucosal (Sublingual, Buccal, Pulmonary, Transdermal Nasal,Vaginal, Rectal) Routes of Drug Administration Dr. Nancy Abou Youssef 10/21/2024 III. Alternate routes for systemic 20 drug administration What’s the main difference between Transmucosal & Transdermal delivery ….????? What’s Common in all Alternate Routes….????? 10/21/2024 Dr. Nancy Abou Youssef