Pharm1111 Drugs and Pharmacology PDF

5/30/24, 5:21 PM print.html Can neonates and infants be Do the following drugs differ Do the following drugs differ treated as small people? in potency or efficacy: in potency...

5/30/24, 5:21 PM print.html Can neonates and infants be Do the following drugs differ Do the following drugs differ treated as small people? in potency or efficacy: in potency or efficacy: How are drugs eliminated in How does an altered How does muscarinic the kidneys? cytochrome p450 enzyme receptor activation reduce affect warfarin metabolism? intraocular pressure? How is appropriate warfarin dosing determined? *desirable range: 2.0-3.0 How does warfarin reduce How is drug clearance clotting? calculated? file:///C:/Users/rashe/OneDrive/Desktop/print.html 1/27 5/30/24, 5:21 PM print.html How is the steady state How is the half life of a drug How is the lipid partition concentration of a drug calculated? coefficient calculated? calculated? How is total drug clearance calculated? How is volume of distribution How many grains are in a calculated? gram? How many grams are in an How many grams are in a lb? How many mg are in a grain? oz? file:///C:/Users/rashe/OneDrive/Desktop/print.html 2/27 5/30/24, 5:21 PM print.html How many ml are in a fluid How many quarts are in a How many refills are allowed oz? liter? for schedule II prescriptions? Under constant rate dosing How much drug is eliminated How much drug is eliminated for a drug, how long does it per unit of time in first order per unit of time in zero order take to achieve steady state elimination kinetics? elimination kinetics? concentration? What age are infants defined What age are neonates What are CNS side effects of as? defined as? adrenergic agonists? What are common drugs that What are cardiac side effects What are categories of follow zero order elimination of β1 adrenergic agonists? adrenergic receptor agonists? kinetics? file:///C:/Users/rashe/OneDrive/Desktop/print.html 3/27 5/30/24, 5:21 PM print.html What are dispensing What are examples of What are examples of regulations for schedule III schedule I drugs? schedule II drugs? and IV prescriptions? What are examples of What are examples of What are examples of schedule III drugs? schedule IV drugs? schedule V drugs? What are features of phase I What are features of schedule What are features of drug metabolism enzymes? prescriptions? I controlled substances? What are features of What are features of schedule sympathetic neuron system What are medical uses of II controlled substances? activation compared to albuterol? parasympathetic? file:///C:/Users/rashe/OneDrive/Desktop/print.html 4/27 5/30/24, 5:21 PM print.html What are medical uses of What are medical uses of What are medical uses of atropine? dobutamine? epinephrine? What are medical uses of metoprolol? What are medical uses of What are medical uses of labetalol? mirabegron? What are medical uses of What are medical uses of What are medical uses of pilocarpine? prazosin? propranolol? file:///C:/Users/rashe/OneDrive/Desktop/print.html 5/27 5/30/24, 5:21 PM print.html What are medical uses of scopolamine? What drug What are pharmacist What are possible outcomes feature makes it effective for responsibilities for of drug metabolism? these uses? prescriptions? What are side effects of What are side effects of What are side effects of α adrenergic antagonists? α1 adrenergic agonists? β adrenergic antagonists? What are special considerations for drug complications for pregnant patients? What are the carrier-mediated forms of transport across What are the drug categories? membranes? file:///C:/Users/rashe/OneDrive/Desktop/print.html 6/27 5/30/24, 5:21 PM print.html What are the effects of What are the effects of muscarinic receptor agonists muscarinic receptor What are the enteral routes of in the eye? antagonists in the eye? drug administration? What are the major routes of drug excretion? What are the limits of the What are the major processes therapeutic range of a drug? in pharmacokinetics? *ADME What are the minor routes of drug excretion? What are the medical uses of What are the parenteral routes phenylephrine? of drug administration? file:///C:/Users/rashe/OneDrive/Desktop/print.html 7/27 5/30/24, 5:21 PM print.html What are the physiological effects of muscarinic receptor What are the primary drug activation? distribution compartments *emesis = vomiting ranked from the largest to the **opposite effects seen with smallest size? muscarinic receptor antagonists What beta blocker side effects are relevant for patients with asthma or COPD? What category of adrenergic receptor agonists cross the blood brain barrier less? What cardiac complication What beta blocker side effects from drugs is more common are relevant for patients with in women? diabetes? file:///C:/Users/rashe/OneDrive/Desktop/print.html 8/27 5/30/24, 5:21 PM print.html What conditions can bethanechol or neostigmine be used to treat? What classes of medications can be used to treat What does EC50 describe? hypertension? file:///C:/Users/rashe/OneDrive/Desktop/print.html 9/27 5/30/24, 5:21 PM print.html What does a quantal dose response describe? What does a graded dose What does drug selectivity response describe? describe? What does the DEA regulate with regards to drugs? What does What does pharmacokinetics pharmacodynamics describe? describe? file:///C:/Users/rashe/OneDrive/Desktop/print.html 10/27 5/30/24, 5:21 PM print.html What does the FTC regulate with regards to drugs? What drug can be used for What does the field of eye exams? pharmacogenetics study? What drug can be used to What drug can be used to diagnose myasthenia gravis? treat urinary incontinence? Why? What drug can be used to treat myasthenia gravis? file:///C:/Users/rashe/OneDrive/Desktop/print.html 11/27 5/30/24, 5:21 PM print.html What drug is a second- generation β blocker? What drug can induce What drug is a first- mydriasis without influencing generation β blocker? intraocular pressure? *blocks all β receptor types What drug is a third- generation β blocker? What enzyme activates What enzyme catalyzes the *additional anti-hypertensive Clopidogrel? rate limiting step of effects norepinephrine synthesis? What factors reduce oral What enzyme limits the time- bioavailability of drugs? What enzyme synthesizes course of cholinergic *first pass effect acetylcholine? neurotransmission? file:///C:/Users/rashe/OneDrive/Desktop/print.html 12/27 5/30/24, 5:21 PM print.html What feature of drug metabolism increases the What happens to the majority of bile salts secreted by the What information is included chance of variable outcomes liver? in a prescription? or unanticipated effects? What information is included What is a benefit of plotting in the package insert of a drug effect data on a semilog What is a loading dose? drug? scale? What is a primary reason What is the drug of choice for older patients experience What is creatinine clearance narrow/closed-angle elevated rates of adverse drug used to calculate? glaucoma? events? What is the effect of What is the effect of What is the effect of acetylcholine binding on the acetylcholine binding on the acetylcholine binding on the M1 muscarinic receptor? M2 muscarinic receptor? M3 muscarinic receptor? file:///C:/Users/rashe/OneDrive/Desktop/print.html 13/27 5/30/24, 5:21 PM print.html What is the effect of What is the effect of acetylcholine binding on the What is the effect of acetylcholine binding on the α1 adrenergic receptor? What epinephrine binding on the nicotinic receptor? are drugs that activate these Gq adrenergic receptor? receptors called? What is the effect of What is the effect of epinephrine binding on the β What is the effect of epinephrine binding on the α2 adrenergic receptor? What α1 adrenergic receptor adrenergic receptor? systems do drugs that activate activation in the eye? these receptors affect? What is the effect of What is the effect of What is the effect of α1 adrenergic receptor α1 adrenergic receptor α1 adrenergic receptor activation in the nasal inhibition in the bladder? inhibition in the vasculature? mucosa? file:///C:/Users/rashe/OneDrive/Desktop/print.html 14/27 5/30/24, 5:21 PM print.html What is the effect of What is the effect of What is the effect of β1 adrenergic receptor β1 adrenergic receptor β2 adrenergic receptor activation in the heart? inhibition in the heart? activation in the lungs? What is the postganglionic What is the effect of What is the postganglionic neurotransmitter in the β3 adrenergic receptor neurotransmitter in the parasympathetic nervous activation in the bladder? sympathetic nervous system? system? What is the preganglionic What is the preganglionic neurotransmitter in the What is the prescription neurotransmitter in the parasympathetic nervous abbreviation for "after sympathetic nervous system? system? meals"? file:///C:/Users/rashe/OneDrive/Desktop/print.html 15/27 5/30/24, 5:21 PM print.html What is the prescription What is the prescription What is the prescription abbreviation for "before abbreviation for "as needed"? abbreviation for "at bedtime"? meals"? What is the prescription What is the prescription What is the prescription abbreviation for "by mouth abbreviation for "directions abbreviation for "dispense"? (orally)"? for use"? What is the prescription What is the prescription What is the prescription abbreviation for "four times abbreviation for "every other abbreviation for "every day"? daily"? day"? *frice? frice. What is the prescription What is the prescription What is the prescription abbreviation for abbreviation for abbreviation for "immediately"? "intramuscular"? "intravenous"? file:///C:/Users/rashe/OneDrive/Desktop/print.html 16/27 5/30/24, 5:21 PM print.html What is the prescription What is the prescription What is the prescription abbreviation for abbreviation for abbreviation for "milliliters"? "milligrams"? "subcutaneous"? What is the prescription What is the prescription What is the prescription abbreviation for "sufficient abbreviation for "thrice abbreviation for "twice quantity"? daily"? daily"? What is the purpose of What is the relationship What is the purpose of the between population age and prescription monitoring DEA number? programs? population GFR? file:///C:/Users/rashe/OneDrive/Desktop/print.html 17/27 5/30/24, 5:21 PM print.html What is the significance of the lipid partition coefficient? What is the relative volume of What is the relative volume of distribution for drugs with a distribution for a drug that long half life? stays in the plasma? *slow to be metabolized or excreted What is the state of most drug What neurotransmitter do molecules in the human What model has replaced the muscarinic receptors bind? body? lock-and-key understanding What systems do they affect? of enzyme-substrate activity? What neurotransmitter What neurotransmitter do modulates the humoral branch nicotinic receptors bind? What pathway does the liver of the autonomic nervous use to excrete xenobiotics? What systems do they affect? system? file:///C:/Users/rashe/OneDrive/Desktop/print.html 18/27 5/30/24, 5:21 PM print.html What processes control the What percentage of time-course of adrenergic variability in warfarin dose What process is primarily neurotransmission? can be explained by responsible for duration of *as opposed to metabolism VKORC1 and CYP2C9? action of THC in the body? for cholinergic neurotransmission What receptor binds epinephrine or What receptor does albuterol What receptor does norepinephrine? stimulate? dobutamine stimulate? What receptor does What receptor does labetalol What receptor does epinephrine stimulate? block? metoprolol inhibit? file:///C:/Users/rashe/OneDrive/Desktop/print.html 19/27 5/30/24, 5:21 PM print.html What receptor does What receptor does What receptor does prazosin mirabegron stimulate? phenylephrine stimulate? inhibit? What receptor does What receptors do What receptors do propranolol inhibit? medications ending in "alol" medications ending in "olol" all target? all target? What signal transduction pathways do many drugs interact with? What term describes the study *GPCR = G-protein-coupled of the biological, physical, What term describes the study receptors, RTK = receptor and chemical processes that of the biochemical and tyrosine kinase are responsible for changes physiological effects of observed in xenobiotic xenobiotics on living concentration in the blood systems? over time following administration? file:///C:/Users/rashe/OneDrive/Desktop/print.html 20/27 5/30/24, 5:21 PM print.html What tissues are drug What type of drug is transport molecules found in? Clopidogrel? What type of drug induces a biological effect upon induction? What type of drugs are often reabsorbed from the ultrafiltrate in the kidneys? How can this process be What type of enzymes What type of molecules are altered? catalyze phase II drug more likely to cross the blood *increased excretion occurs metabolism? brain barrier? with weakly acidic drugs in basic urine and weakly basic drugs in acidic urine What type of reactions do phase II drug metabolism What type of receptors are What type of receptors are enzymes catalyze? muscarinic receptors? nicotinic receptors? *transfering functional groups file:///C:/Users/rashe/OneDrive/Desktop/print.html 21/27 5/30/24, 5:21 PM print.html What type of scale is plotted: What type of scale is plotted: When are muscarinic receptor antagonists used for eye exams? When do zero order elimination kinetics drugs When can cholinergic switch to first order agonists be used to treat When did drug regulation elimination kinetics? atonic bladder? start in the US? *no more enzyme or pump saturation below critical concentration file:///C:/Users/rashe/OneDrive/Desktop/print.html 22/27 5/30/24, 5:21 PM print.html Where are α1 adrenergic Where are β1 adrenergic receptors found? receptors found? When is the process of absorption not relevant? *parenteral = occuring outside the mouth and digestive tract Where are β2 adrenergic Where are β3 adrenergic Where do parasympathetic receptors found? receptors found? neurons exit the spinal cord? Which controlled substances can be orally prescribed? Which agencies regulate Where do sympathetic drugs? neurons exit the spinal cord? file:///C:/Users/rashe/OneDrive/Desktop/print.html 23/27 5/30/24, 5:21 PM print.html Which drug has a higher affinity: Which drug is an antagonist: Which drug is an agonist: *by a factor of 100 *antagonists interfere with agonists but have no agonistic effects on their own Which drug is an inverse Which drug is an partial Which drug is an full agonist: agonist: agonist: Which drug is most Which drugs are equipotent: efficacious: Which drug-drug interactions are more likely to occur in women? file:///C:/Users/rashe/OneDrive/Desktop/print.html 24/27 5/30/24, 5:21 PM print.html Which drugs are indirect- Which drugs are muscarinic Which drugs are muscarinic acting cholinergic agonists? receptor agonists? receptor antagonists? Which drugs are selective for Which drugs are selective for muscarinic receptors over nicotinic receptors? nicotinic receptors? Which drugs are nicotinic receptor antagonists? Which forms of transport Which drugs can interact with across membranes can be Which enteral routes of drug the GABA receptor? saturated or competed? administration avoid the first *facilitated diffusion and pass effect? active transport file:///C:/Users/rashe/OneDrive/Desktop/print.html 25/27 5/30/24, 5:21 PM print.html Which forms of transport Which glands are particularly across membranes can sensitive to muscarinic Which muscarinic receptor is transport against receptor antagonists? present in the eye? concentration gradients? Which neurotransmitters are precursors of epinephrine? Which populations tend to be Which prescription writing *dopamine -> norepinephrine excluded from drug trials? errors with decimal points -> epinephrine should be avoided? Which receptor state do Which receptor state do antagonists have an affinity agonists have an affinity for: for: Which processes lower the concentration of drugs in the body? *ADME file:///C:/Users/rashe/OneDrive/Desktop/print.html 26/27 5/30/24, 5:21 PM print.html Which receptor state do inverse agonists have an affinity for: Which systems are controlled Which systems are controlled by dopaminergic by cholinergic postganglionic postganglionic sympathetic sympathetic neurons? neurons? Which type of drug Which type of opioids are Which systems express elimination kinetics exhibits a increasing the most in the autonomic receptors without autonomic innervation? half life? number of overdose deaths caused? *primarily fentanyl file:///C:/Users/rashe/OneDrive/Desktop/print.html 27/27