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Questions and Answers
What is the primary advantage of intramuscular injections over intravenous injections?
What is the primary advantage of intramuscular injections over intravenous injections?
Which of the following statements is true regarding subcutaneous injections?
Which of the following statements is true regarding subcutaneous injections?
What is the typical use for intradermal injections?
What is the typical use for intradermal injections?
Which route is considered the least painful for drug administration?
Which route is considered the least painful for drug administration?
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What is a common feature of all alternate routes for drug administration?
What is a common feature of all alternate routes for drug administration?
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What is a major disadvantage of the oral route of drug administration?
What is a major disadvantage of the oral route of drug administration?
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Which of the following dosage forms is NOT commonly associated with oral drug administration?
Which of the following dosage forms is NOT commonly associated with oral drug administration?
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What does the term 'first-pass metabolism' refer to?
What does the term 'first-pass metabolism' refer to?
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Which of the following is considered an advantage of the oral route of drug administration?
Which of the following is considered an advantage of the oral route of drug administration?
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What is a challenge associated with the oral route related to gastric conditions?
What is a challenge associated with the oral route related to gastric conditions?
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Study Notes
Drug Administration Routes
- Systemic administration carries drugs from the site of administration to a site of activity elsewhere, potentially exposing all body tissues.
- Local/Site-specific administration delivers the drug directly to the tissue needing treatment.
Routes of Drug Delivery
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Intravenous (IV): Rapid and direct response, preferred in emergencies; given in hospitals.
- Suitable for aqueous, hydro-alcoholic, or some emulsions.
- Intramuscular (IM): Slower onset and longer duration; easier administration; suitable for suspensions and oil-based injections for prolonged release.
- Subcutaneous (SC): Slower absorption than IM and IV, so action is prolonged; least painful; self-administered (like insulin).
- Intradermal (ID): Injected superficially into skin layers; usually used for sensitivity tests.
- Oral (PO): Absorption through the gastrointestinal tract; convenient; common dosage forms include tablets, capsules, syrups, suspensions.
- Topical: Applied directly to the skin or mucous membranes (nose, ear, oral cavity, vagina, rectum, bronchi, eye).
- Inhalation: Inhaled into the lungs.
- Rectal: Absorbed through the rectum.
- Sublingual: Placed under the tongue.
- Buccal: Placed in the cheek pouch.
- Transdermal: Through the skin.
- Inhalational: Absorbed into the lungs or nasal passages.
Oral Route (PO)
- Swallowed and absorbed into systemic circulation.
- Abbreviation (PO) from Latin "per os".
- Advantages: Convenient, self-administered, painless, cheap.
- Disadvantages: Not always totally absorbed, can irritate gastric mucosa, affected by gastric juices and first-pass metabolism. This delays onset of action. Taste of some drugs is unpleasant.
Parenteral Route
- Involves injection or infusion through a needle or catheter.
- Advantages: Suitable for drugs that are hydrolyzed in the GIT or have poor absorption or in unconscious or vomiting patients. Lower doses and side effects are sometimes possible.
- Disadvantages: Invasive, patients may not comply due to pain; risk of embolism with IV administration; must be sterile.
First-Pass Metabolism
- Hepatic metabolism after oral administration.
- Drug goes through the liver before systemic circulation.
- Extensive metabolism can lessen effectiveness and decrease bioavailability.
Learning Objectives
- Students will be able to identify proper drug administration routes.
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Description
Test your knowledge on various drug administration routes including systemic and local methods. This quiz covers different delivery methods such as intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, and oral administration. Hone your skills in understanding how drugs are delivered and their implications for treatment.
