Laboratory Quality Control & Management/Controlling Lecture PDF

Laboratory Quality Control & Management/ Controlling Principles of Health Prepared by: Luay Shehab, Immunology, Molecular medicine Administration MolMED Lecture #6 1 The Classical Functions of Management...

Laboratory Quality Control & Management/ Controlling Principles of Health Prepared by: Luay Shehab, Immunology, Molecular medicine Administration MolMED Lecture #6 1 The Classical Functions of Management Planning Controlling Decision Making Classical Management Functions Budge7ng Organizing Sta3ng 2  Introduction Controlling measures the deviation of actual performance from the standard performance, discovers the causes of such deviations, and helps in taking corrective actions. Controlling process consists of three phases: Establishing standards Like time, square meter, number rejects permitted, (tangible, intangible) competence, loyalty, etc. Process of Controlling Measurement Compare work with set of standards. Correcting Take remedial action, to include changing inputs and processes. 3  Introduction Controlling programs: 1. Six Sigma  is a methodology to manage process variations that cause defects and to systematically work toward managing variation to eliminate defects. It is concern with the continuous monitoring and correcting to improve quality and reduce cost. 2. Benchmarking  is the process of comparing one's business processes and results with other industries. It utilizes the experience of other entities. Benchmarking is typically found in healthcare organizations (ex. ISO). 4  Six-Sigma Methodologies PDCA DMAIC DMADV 5 Six-Sigma/PDCA Identify and control the input and process variables to achieve acceptable outputs, and that by detecting and correcting adverse changes. Many organizations do a fair job of PDCA and often achieve a 4 Sigma performance level. To achieve higher sigma performance, use DMAIC or DMADV. 6  Six-Sigma/DMAIC Identify and change the input or process variables that account for persistent normal performance to achieve a sustained higher level of performance. Deliberately create beneficial changes by improving something that can be done better. DMAIC is used for projects aimed at improving an existing business process. DMAIC is the most commonly used methodologies in the world. 7  Six-Sigma/DMAIC-Example Hospital-acquired infections are a big concern. In fact, in 2003, “each year roughly 80,000 patients become infected and 30,000 to 60,000 die at a cost of $3 billion nationally.” Observing the process and using Lean principles in a DMAIC framework can drive improvements. DEFINE: What are the specific infections concerned? In what hospitals over what time frame will improvement efforts happen? For example, there were central line-associated infections in 100 intensive care units (ICUs) in Michigan hospitals during 2007. MEASURE: Measure the current state (three infections per 1,000 catheter-hours). ANALYZE: Determine the root cause (specific process steps and procedures introducing contamination). IMPROVE: Implement a standardized checklist (basic steps related to hygiene, disinfectant, sterile barriers, and avoidance of susceptible areas). Enhance equipment (catheter-insertion cart). CONTROL: Incorporate training and reinforcement to change the culture and internalize the process. Empower the nursing staff to ensure enforcement. 8  Six-Sigma/DMADV Identify the key input or process variables that enable new or significantly modified processes to meet customer requirements. DMADV which is used for projects aimed at creating new product or process designs, or redesign. 9  Tools of Control Tools Gantt Flowchart Chart 10  Gantt Chart It is a chart with time needed for each activity is estimated to be completed. It emphasizes work-time relations to meet a goal. 11  Flowchart The flowchart shows the points of input and output, the logic or sequence of the various processing steps in the system, and the relationship of one element of the system to the other parts of the system. A flow chart is a graphical representation of a process that details the sequencing of steps required to create output. A typical flow chart uses a set of basic symbols to represent various functions, and shows the sequence and interconnection of functions with lines and arrows. 12  Flowcharts Symbols Oval Rectangular Diamond Parallelogram Arrow 13 Thank you 14