Digestive System Lecture Notes PDF

Medical Terminology Associated with the Digestive System  Digestive System also called: ⚫ Gastrointestinal system (GI) ⚫ Gut ⚫ Alimentary canal  Organs of digestive system: 1. Oral cavity (mouth) 2. Pharynx 3. Esophagus 4. Stomach 5. Small intest...

Medical Terminology Associated with the Digestive System  Digestive System also called: ⚫ Gastrointestinal system (GI) ⚫ Gut ⚫ Alimentary canal  Organs of digestive system: 1. Oral cavity (mouth) 2. Pharynx 3. Esophagus 4. Stomach 5. Small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum) 6. Large intestine; Colon (including rectum and anus) 7. Accessory organs Accessory organs are connected to gut tube by ducts and include: 1. Salivary glands 2. Pancreas 3. Liver 4. Gallbladder Oral cavity (Mouth): 1. Palate 2. Uvula 3. Cheeks 4. Lips 5. Tongue 6. Taste buds 7. Saliva 8. Mucous membrane 9. Teeth 10. Gums The Stomach: Small and large intestine: Liver and Pancreas  Digestive System Combining Forms pharyng/o Throat, Pharynx or/o Mouth esophag/o Esophagus labi/o Lip lapar/o Abdomen dent/o Tooth gastr/o Stomach gingiv/o Gums pylor/o Pylorus lingu/o Tongue enter/o Small intestine gloss/o Tongue duoden/o Duodenum palat/o Palate jejun/o Jejunum bucc/o Cheek ile/o Ileum sialaden/o Salivary gland hepat/o Liver pancreat/o Pancreas  Digestive System Combining Forms chol/e Bile, Gall cholangi/o Bile duct rect/o Rectum cholecyst/o Gallbladder an/o Anus choledoch/o Common bile duct proct/o Anus and Rectum cec/o Cecum bar/o Weight append/o Appendix lith/o Stone appendic/o Appendix col/o Colon colon/o Colon sigmoid/o Sigmoid colon Digestive System Suffixes –lithiasis Stone –emesis Vomiting –orexia Appetite –pepsia Digestion –phagia Eat, Swallow –prandial Pertaining to a meal –tripsy Surgical crushing –ectasis Dilation –malacia Softening –ptosis Drooping  Word Building with or/o –al oral pertaining to mouth Word Building with dent/o –al dental pertaining to teeth –algia dentalgia tooth pain Word Building with gingiv/o  Word Building with gloss/o –al glossal pertaining to tongue hypo– –al hypoglossal pertaining to under tongue Word Building with lingu/o sub– –al sublingual pertaining to under the tongue Word Building with palat/o –plasty palatoplasty surgical repair of palate Word Building with sialaden/o –itis sialadenitis inflammation of salivary glands  Word Building with bucc/o –al buccal pertaining to cheek labi/o –al labiobuccal pertaining to lips and cheeks Word Building with pharyng/o –eal pharyngeal pertaining to pharynx –plegia pharyngoplegia pharynx paralysis –plasty pharyngoplasty surgical repair of pharynx Word Building with esophag/o –eal esophageal pertaining to esophagus –ectasis esophagectasis dilation of esophagus  Word Building with lapar/o –otomy laparotomy incision into abdomen –scope laparoscope instrument to view inside abdomen Word Building with gastr/o –algia gastralgia stomach pain –ic gastric pertaining to stomach enter/o –itis gastroenteritis inflammation of stomach and intestine enter/o -logist gastroenterologist stomach and intestine specialist –malacia gastromalacia stomach softening nas/o –ic nasogastric pertaining to nose & stomach –ostomy gastrostomy new opening into stomach –scope gastroscope instrument to view stomach –itis gastritis inflammation of stomach –ectomy gastrectomy surgical removal of stomach  Word Building with enter/o –ic enteric pertaining to intestine –itis enteritis inflammation of intestine Word Building with duoden/o –al duodenal pertaining to duodenum Word Building with jejun/o –al jejunal pertaining to jejunum Word Building with ile/o –al ileal pertaining to ileum –ostomy ileostomy new opening into ileum  Word Building with cholecyst/o –ectomy cholecystectomy Surgical removal of gallbladder –gram cholecystogram record of gallbladder –ic cholecystic pertaining to gallbladder –algia cholecystalgia gallbladder pain Word Building with pancreat/o –itis pancreatitis inflammation of pancreas –ic pancreatic pertaining to pancreas Word Building with hepat/o –itis hepatitis inflammation of liver –oma hepatoma liver tumor –ic hepatic pertaining to liver  Word Building with pylor/o -ic Pyloric Pertaining to pylori Word Building with append/o –ectomy appendectomy surgical removal of appendix Word Building with appendic/o –itis appendicitis inflammation of appendix Word Building with col/o –ectomy colectomy Surgical removal of colon –ostomy colostomy new opening into colon rect/o –al colorectal pertaining to colon & rectum Word Building with colon/o –scope colonoscope instrument to view colon –ic colonic pertaining to colon  Word Building with sigmoid/o –scope sigmoidoscope instrument to view inside sigmoid colon –al sigmoidal pertaining to sigmoid colon Word Building with rect/o –al rectal pertaining to rectum Word Building with an/o -al anal pertaining to anus Word Building with proct/o –ptosis proctoptosis drooping rectum & anus –logist proctologist rectum & anus specialist –pexy proctopexy surgical fixation of rectum & anus  Word Building with –emesis hemat/o hematemesis vomit blood hyper– hyperemesis excessive vomiting Word Building with–orexia an– anorexia lack of appetite dys– dysorexia Difficult (abnormal) appetite Word Building with–prandial post– postprandial pertaining to after a meal  Word Building with –pepsia brady– bradypepsia slow digestion Difficult (abnormal) dys– dyspepsia digestion Word Building with –phagia a– aphagia lack of eating Difficult (abnormal) dys– dysphagia eating poly– polyphagia too much eating  Digestive System Vocabulary Anorexia loss (lack) of appetite Ascites collection of fluid in peritoneal cavity Constipation difficult or infrequent defecation Dental caries decay of tooth due to bacterial infection; tooth cavity prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of conditions Dentistry involving teeth, jaw, and mouth Diarrhea frequent, watery defection Emesis vomiting Hematochezia passing bright red blood in stools Jaundice yellow cast to skin; caused by liver disease Nausea urge to vomit Obesity weight above healthy levels  Digestive System Pathology Aphthous ulcers ulcers in the mouth Gastroesophageal acid from stomach flows backward up into reflux disease esophagus causing inflammation and pain (GERD) gastric carcinoma malignant tumor in stomach peptic ulcer ulcer in the lower portion of esophagus, disease (PUD) stomach, and/or duodenum hemorrhoids varicose veins in the anal region cirrhosis chronic liver disease due to liver failure  Medical Procedures placing liquid nourishment directly into Gavage stomach via a nasogastric tube washing out stomach using a nasogastric Lavage tube Nasogastric intubation flexible catheter inserted into nose and down esophagus into the stomach (NG tube)  Digestive System Pharmacology Anorexiant suppresses appetite to treat obesity Antiacid neutralizes stomach acid Antidiarrheal used to control diarrhea Antiemetic treats nausea and vomiting Emetic induces vomiting Laxative stimulates a bowel movement References: ▪Willis MC. Medical Terminology: A programmed Learning Approach to the Language of Health Care. 1st Edition, 2002. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. THE END 25