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Chapter 1 b SOIL AND WASTE PIPE ENGG_CC_PPT Notes_01Sep2020_V01 EEETE 4140: Linear Integrated Circuits 1 Chapter 1 Overview / contents Chapter 1b: SOIL AND WASTE PIPE HOUSE DRAINAGE Sewer fittings SYSTEM OF PLUMBING Trap References ENGG_CC_PPT Notes...

Chapter 1 b SOIL AND WASTE PIPE ENGG_CC_PPT Notes_01Sep2020_V01 EEETE 4140: Linear Integrated Circuits 1 Chapter 1 Overview / contents Chapter 1b: SOIL AND WASTE PIPE HOUSE DRAINAGE Sewer fittings SYSTEM OF PLUMBING Trap References ENGG_CC_PPT Notes_01Sep2020_V01 EEETE 4140: Linear Integrated Circuits 2  digg5 HOUSE DRAINAGE - Before starting the plumbing work, it is most essential first↑ - - to prepare the drainage plans. - In the same way as detailed drawings are - prepared before the starting of the - construction of buildings, the detailed -- - - drainage plans should also be prepared. ENGG_CC_PPT EEETE 4140: Linear Integrated Circuits 3 Notes_01Sep2020_V01 write Points to be kept in mind while preparing the drainage plans p ? i. The drains should be laid in such a way so as to - remove the sewage quickly from the building. The quick removal is governed by the fall of the pipes. - The following steps are usually sufficient: 1 in 40 for 10cm * pipe 1 in 60 for 15cm - pipe 1 in 90 for 23cm & - pipe ENGG_CC_PPT EEETE 4140: Linear Integrated Circuits 4 Notes_01Sep2020_V01  - i. All the drainage system should be properly ventilated on the house - - side. -- ii. All the drains should be laid in such a way so as to ensure their - safety in future. - iii.The drain should be laid in such a way that in future extension can - be done easily if desired. = - iv.All the rain water pipes, sweeping from house and bath water - should discharge over gully traps. - v. All soil pipes should be carried direct to the manholes without -- gully traps. - - ENGG_CC_PPT EEETE 4140: Linear Integrated Circuits 5 Notes_01Sep2020_V01 - Definitions: Sewage: The liquid waste conveyed by the conduit (pipe) is called as sewage. The sewage may include domestic and industrial discharges as well as storm sewage, infiltration and inflow. - Sewer: The conduit - which carries the sewerage is called as sewer. & - Domestic and Sanitary Sewage: The sewage - which originates from the sanitary fittings of the residence, commercial or industrial buildings, - - institutions etc. - ENGG_CC_PPT EEETE 4140: Linear Integrated Circuits 6 Notes_01Sep2020_V01  Industrial Sewage: It includes the liquid discharges from industrial processes. Storm Sewer: This is the flow derived from rainfall. Infiltration: The water which enters the sewer from the ground through leak is called as infiltration. Inflow: The water which enters the sewer from the surface during rainfall through connections to roof or basement drains is called inflow. ENGG_CC_PPT EEETE 4140: Linear Integrated Circuits 7 Notes_01Sep2020_V01 Soil waste: The waste products of human body is called as soil waste. Soil pipe: A pipe which conveys soil waste is called as soil pipe. Soil appliances: Fittings like w/c, urinal pans which receives the soil waste is called as soil appliances. Waste appliances: A fitting that receives waste water, including wash basin, bath, shower, tray, bidet, drinking fountain, sink etc are called as waste appliances. Waste pipe: A pipe which conveys waste water, either alone or together with rain water is called as waste pipe. ENGG_CC_PPT EEETE 4140: Linear Integrated Circuits 8 Notes_01Sep2020_V01  Discharge pipe: A pipe which conveys the discharges from sanitary appliances is called as discharge pipe. Ventilation pipe: A pipe open to the external air at the highest points which ventilates a drainage system, either by connection to a drain, or to a soil pipe or waste pipe and does not convey any soil water or rain water is called ventilation pipe. Stack: A main vertical pipe is called as stack. ENGG_CC_PPT EEETE 4140: Linear Integrated Circuits 9 Notes_01Sep2020_V01 4. Sewer materials: A sewer may be made of clay, concrete, precast concrete, plastic or asbestos cement. 5. Man hole: A chamber constructed around a conduit for the purpose of providing access into the conduit from the ground level. It is also provide where there is a change of conduit size, shape, direction or gradient. 6. Sewer fittings: The various fittings used in a sewer are (a) Wye (b) Double wye (c) Tee (d) Reducer (e) Increaser (f) Slant (g)1/8 bend (h) Wye saddle (i) Tee Saddle (j) ¼ bend (k) Running trap (l) Floor trap ENGG_CC_PPT EEETE 4140: Linear Integrated Circuits 10 Notes_01Sep2020_V01  Sewer fittings ENGG_CC_PPT EEETE 4140: Linear Integrated Circuits 11 Notes_01Sep2020_V01 SYSTEM OF PLUMBING One-pipe system: In this system only one main pipe is provided which collects both the foul soil waste as well as unfoul waste from the buildings. The main pipe is directly connected to the drainage system. In this system is provided in multi-storied buildings the lavatory blocks of various floors are so placed one over the other, so that the waste water discharged from the different units can be carried through short branch drains. ENGG_CC_PPT EEETE 4140: Linear Integrated Circuits 12 Notes_01Sep2020_V01  One pipe systems ENGG_CC_PPT EEETE 4140: Linear Integrated Circuits 13 Notes_01Sep2020_V01 Two-pipe system This is the most common system used. This method provides an ideal solution. In this system two pipes are provided. One pipe collects the foul soil and lavatory wastes, whereas the second pipes collects the useful water form kitchen, bathrooms, house washings, rain water etc. The soil pipes are directly connected to the drain, whereas the waste pipes are connected through the trapped gully. All the traps used in this system are fully ventilated. ENGG_CC_PPT EEETE 4140: Linear Integrated Circuits 14 Notes_01Sep2020_V01  Two pipe system ENGG_CC_PPT EEETE 4140: Linear Integrated Circuits 15 Notes_01Sep2020_V01 Single-stack system: This is similar to single pipe system, the only difference being that no ventilation is provided even in the traps too. ENGG_CC_PPT EEETE 4140: Linear Integrated Circuits 16 Notes_01Sep2020_V01 ENGG_CC_PPT EEETE 4140: Linear Integrated Circuits 17 Notes_01Sep2020_V01 Single-stack partially ventilated system: The system is in between the one pipe and single-stack system. In this system only one pipe is provided to collect all types of waste water foul as well as unfoul. A relief vent pipe is provided for ventilating only the waste closet-traps. ENGG_CC_PPT EEETE 4140: Linear Integrated Circuits 18 Notes_01Sep2020_V01 Single-stack partially ventilated system: ENGG_CC_PPT EEETE 4140: Linear Integrated Circuits 19 Notes_01Sep2020_V01 System of sewerage: Combined system: In this system one set of sewer is laid carrying both the sanitary sewage and the storm water. Separate system: When both storm water and sanitary sewage are carried separately into two different sewers the system is called separate system. Partially separate system: If partially storm water is allowed to enter in the sewer carrying sewage and the remaining storm water flows in a separate system, it is called as partially separate system. ENGG_CC_PPT EEETE 4140: Linear Integrated Circuits 20 Notes_01Sep2020_V01  Trap: A trap is a depressed or bent fitting which when provided in drainage system, always remains full of water, thus maintaining a water seal. It prevents the passage of foul air or gas through it, though it allows the sewage or waste water to flow through it. The depth of water seal is the vertical distance between the crown & dip of a trap. The depth of water seal represents its strength or effectiveness. The depth of water seal varies from 25mm to 100 mm. ENGG_CC_PPT EEETE 4140: Linear Integrated Circuits 21 Notes_01Sep2020_V01 Classification of Trap as per shape: P Trap: This resembles the shape of letter P, in which the two legs are at right angles to each other. Q Trap: This resembles the shape of letter Q, in which the two legs meet at an angle other than at right angle. S Trap: This resembles the shape of letter S, in which both the legs are parallel to each other, discharging in the same direction. ENGG_CC_PPT EEETE 4140: Linear Integrated Circuits 22 Notes_01Sep2020_V01  ENGG_CC_PPT EEETE 4140: Linear Integrated Circuits 23 Notes_01Sep2020_V01 Classification of trap as per use Floor trap: It is use to collect wash water from floors, kitchens and bathrooms. Gully trap: These are special types of traps which disconnect sullage drain (collecting waste water from baths, kitchen etc) from the main drainage system. A gully trap is provided at the external face of the wall. Intercepting trap: This is the special type of trap provided at the junction of house drain with the public sewer or septic tank. ENGG_CC_PPT EEETE 4140: Linear Integrated Circuits 24 Notes_01Sep2020_V01  Plumbing system for Drainage ENGG_CC_PPT EEETE 4140: Linear Integrated Circuits 25 Notes_01Sep2020_V01 References ▪1. Chadderton, D.V.(2004), “ Building Services Engineering”, Spon Press, Taylor & Francis Group, London ▪2. Chudley, R and Greeno, R. (2004), “Construction Technology”, Pearson Longman, England. ▪3. Hassan, G.(1996), “ Building Services”, Macmillan Distribution Ltd., England ▪4. Greeno, R. (1995), “Principles of Construction”, Pearson Longman, England. ▪5. Saver Standards for Architectural Design Data, seventh edition, Donald Watson, Michael J. Crosbie, John Hancock Callender—7th ed. 26