Animal Physiology Test Bank Chapter 25: Circulation PDF

Test Bank to accompany Animal Physiology, Fourth Edition Hill Wyse Anderson Chapter 25: Circulation TEST BANK QUESTIONS Multiple Choice 1. Wh...

Test Bank to accompany Animal Physiology, Fourth Edition Hill Wyse Anderson Chapter 25: Circulation TEST BANK QUESTIONS Multiple Choice 1. Which is the correct sequence of blood movement through the human heart? a. Vena cavae → left atrium → left ventricle → pulmonary artery → pulmonary vein → right atrium → right ventricle → aorta b. Vena cavae → right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary artery → pulmonary vein → left atrium → left ventricle → aorta c. Vena cavae → right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary vein → pulmonary artery → left atrium → left ventricle → aorta d. Aorta → left atrium → left ventricle → pulmonary artery → pulmonary vein → right atrium → right ventricle → vena cavae Answer: b Textbook Reference: Hearts Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying © 2016 Sinauer Associates, Inc. 2. Which area(s) contain oxygenated blood? a. I, II, and III b. IV and V c. IV only d. III only Answer: b Textbook Reference: Hearts Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying 3. Which area refers to the pulmonary artery? a. II b. III c. IV d. V Answer: b Textbook Reference: Hearts Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying 4. How many labeled areas refer to arteries? a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 © 2016 Sinauer Associates, Inc. d. 5 Answer: b Textbook Reference: Hearts Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying 5. What is the order of blood flow? a. I → II → III → IV → V b. I → V → IV → III → II c. I → III → IV → V → II d. IV → V → I → III → II Answer: c Textbook Reference: Hearts Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing 6. Which statement regarding cardiac output is true? a. It is independent of stroke volume. b. It is the product of heart rate and stroke volume. c. It is the heart rate divided by stroke volume. d. It is the product of heart rate and blood pressure. Answer: b Textbook Reference: Hearts Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering 7. Which region represents the isovolumetric contraction portion of the heart cycle? a. I b. II © 2016 Sinauer Associates, Inc. c. III d. IV Answer: b Textbook Reference: Hearts Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying 8. Which region represents the ventricular filling portion of the heart cycle? a. II b. III c. IV d. V Answer: d Textbook Reference: Hearts Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying 9. The myocardium of tunas is a. composed of an outer compact layer with coronary vessels and an inner spongy layer. b. spongy, with little or no development of coronary vessels. c. compact, with coronary arteries and veins. d. a mixed structure, with blood flowing from lumen into coronary veins. Answer: a Textbook Reference: Hearts Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding 10. Most crustaceans have _______ hearts. a. myogenic b. neurogenic c. hemogenic d. noninnervated Answer: b Textbook Reference: Hearts Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering 11. The ________ prevents the initial depolarization at the S-A node from spreading across the heart from the atria through the ventricles and ending at the tip of the septum. a. S-A node b. connective tissue between the atria and ventricles c. interventricular septum d. bundle of Purkinje fibers Answer: b Textbook Reference: Hearts Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding 12. The pacemaker of a lobster heart is composed of a. specialized myocardium that functions in a manner similar to the S-A node. b. specialized myocardium that functions as a central pattern generator. © 2016 Sinauer Associates, Inc. c. a series of neurons connected to and controlled by the brain. d. a posterior cardiac neuron that functions as a cellular oscillator and central pattern generator. Answer: d Textbook Reference: Hearts Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding 13. The P wave of the EKG is produced by the a. contraction of the atria. b. contraction of the ventricles. c. depolarization of the atria. d. repolarization of the atria. Answer: c Textbook Reference: Hearts Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding 14. Which statement describes the Frank-Starling mechanism? a. An increase in the filling time of the ventricles increases the contraction pressure. b. Increasing flow from the heart increases arterial pressure. c. Increasing pressure in the heart increases outflow. d. Stretching of the cardiac muscle increases the force of its contraction at the cellular level. Answer: d Textbook Reference: Hearts Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering 15. The mean pressure in the systemic aorta in a healthy human is about _______ mm Hg. a. 120 b. 95 c. 75 d. 50 Answer: b Textbook Reference: Principles of Pressure, Resistance, and Flow in Vascular Systems Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding 16. A tall human with normal blood pressure standing upright would be expected to have a pressure of about_________ mm Hg in the leg artery, measured 130 cm below the heart. a. 95 b. 120 c. 150 d. 195 Answer: d Textbook Reference: Principles of Pressure, Resistance, and Flow in Vascular Systems Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying © 2016 Sinauer Associates, Inc. 17. According to the Poiseuille equation, which of the following does not directly affect flow rate? a. Temperature of the tube b. Viscosity of the fluid c. Radius of the lumen of the tube d. Pressure at the entry of the tube Answer: a Textbook Reference: Principles of Pressure, Resistance, and Flow in Vascular Systems Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering 18. Halving the radius of a vessel _______ the resistance to flow through the vessel by a factor of _______. a. decreases; 4 b. decreases; 16 c. increases; 4 d. increases; 16 Answer: d Textbook Reference: Principles of Pressure, Resistance, and Flow in Vascular Systems Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding 19. The most important factor modifying flow in blood vessels is the a. pressure in the vessel. b. diameter of the vessel. c. viscosity of fluid in the vessel. d. length of the vessel. Answer: b Textbook Reference: Principles of Pressure, Resistance, and Flow in Vascular Systems Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding 20. The reason why blood capillaries can be exceedingly thin-walled and yet resist substantial pressures can be explained by a. Laplace’s law. b. Poiseuille’s equation. c. Hagen’s equation. d. Fick’s law. Answer: a Textbook Reference: Circulation in Mammals and Birds Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering 21. Which statement regarding microcirculatory beds is true? a. Smooth muscles in the walls of arterioles are responsible for vasoconstriction and vasodilation. b. Anastomoses are the one possible path from an arteriole to a venule. c. The walls of capillaries consist of vascular endothelium and a smooth muscle layer. d. Venules and arterioles are the preeminent sites of O2 and water exchange. © 2016 Sinauer Associates, Inc. Answer: a Textbook Reference: Circulation in Mammals and Birds Bloom’s Category: 5. Evaluating 22. Which vertical section denotes the vascular portion with the highest pressure? a. I b. II c. III d. IV Answer: a Textbook Reference: Circulation in Mammals and Birds Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying 23. Which vertical section denotes the vascular portion with the lowest mean blood velocity? a. I b. II c. III d. IV © 2016 Sinauer Associates, Inc. Answer: c Textbook Reference: Circulation in Mammals and Birds Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying 24. Which vertical section denotes the vascular portion with the highest vascular resistance? a. I b. II c. III d. IV Answer: c Textbook Reference: Circulation in Mammals and Birds Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying 25. In section I, fluid is _______ the capillary due to _______. a. leaking out of; hydrostatic pressure b. leaking out of; colloid osmotic pressure c. moving into; hydrostatic pressure d. moving into; colloid osmotic pressure Answer: d Textbook Reference: Circulation in Mammals and Birds Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying © 2016 Sinauer Associates, Inc. 26. The figure depicts the _______ hypothesis: the initial loss and then regaining of fluid in the capillaries that results, overall, in a net _______ of fluid. a. Frank‒Starling; loss b. Starling‒Landis; loss c. Frank‒Landis; gain d. Poiseuille; gain Answer: b Textbook Reference: Circulation in Mammals and Birds Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying 27. The main difference between the pulmonary circuit and the systemic circuit is that the pulmonary circuit a. has a higher resistance. b. produces lower pressures. c. produces lower flows. d. has a lower cardiac output. Answer: b Textbook Reference: Circulation in Mammals and Birds Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding 28. Which of the following best describes the contractile properties of the heart of the elasmobranch fish? a. There are four chambers, however only the atria and ventricle contract. b. There are only two chambers, an atria and a ventricle, and they both contract. c. There are four chambers, and three contract. d. There are four chambers, and all four contract. Answer: d Textbook Reference: Circulation in Fish Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding 29. Which characteristic is typical of teleost cardiovascular systems? a. The heart receives oxygenated blood flowing from the gills. b. Cardiac outputs are lower than those of similar-sized mammals. c. Blood pressure increases significantly as blood passes through the gills. d. Arterial pressures are higher than those of similar-sized mammals. Answer: b Textbook Reference: Circulation in Fish Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding © 2016 Sinauer Associates, Inc. 30. From where do vessels branch off to supply the head and gut with oxygenated blood? a. I b. II c. III d. IV Answer: b Textbook Reference: Circulation in Fish Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying 31. When an air-breathing organ at the mouth is integrated into the circulation depicted in the figure, a new circulation loop is created connecting a. I to III. b. II to III. c. I to IV. d. III to IV. Answer: c Textbook Reference: Circulation in Fish Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing 32. In fish that have an air-breathing organ (ABO), the blood a. leaving the ABO mixes with systemic and venous blood. b. leaving the ABO mixes with blood leaving the gills. c. enters the ABO following the exit from the gills. d. leaving the ABO enters the gills. Answer: a Textbook Reference: Circulation in Fish Bloom’s Category: 5. Evaluating 33. Which statement describes a characteristic not found in the African lungfish Protopterus? a. The ventral aorta is extremely long and branched. b. The atrium and the ventricles are partially divided into left and right halves by septa. c. The conus arteriosis has longitudinal ridges that divide the lumen into two channels. d. The four pairs of branchial arteries arise immediately from the conus arteriosus. Answer: a Textbook Reference: Circulation in Fish Bloom’s Category: 5. Evaluating © 2016 Sinauer Associates, Inc.