Plus One English Study Material PDF (Vijayabheri)

VIJAYABHERI MALAPPURAM DISTRICT PANCHAYATH EDUCATIONAL PROJECT 2021-22 STEP-UP ‘22 ENGLISH +1 (Higher Secondary / V H S E Supporting Material)  സസ്റ്...

VIJAYABHERI MALAPPURAM DISTRICT PANCHAYATH EDUCATIONAL PROJECT 2021-22 STEP-UP ‘22 ENGLISH +1 (Higher Secondary / V H S E Supporting Material)  സസ്റ്റെപപ-അപപ 22 വവിദദദ്യാഭദദ്യാസപരമദ്യായവി ഏറ്റവവവും പവറകവില്‍ നവിനവിരവന മലപവറവും ജവില്ല കഴവിഞ്ഞ കവറചവ വർഷങ്ങള്‍ കകദ്യാണവണദ്യാകവിയ നനട്ടങ്ങള്‍ അഭഭൂതപഭൂർവമദ്യാണണ്. എസണ്. എസണ്. എല്‍. സവി, പ്ലസണ്ടവ, വവി. എചണ്. എസണ്. ഇ. ഫലതവികന്റെ കദ്യാരദതവില്‍ മദ്യാത്രമല്ല എ പ്ലസണ് ലഭവിച വവിദദദ്യാർതവികളവകട എണ്ണതവിലവവും വവിവവിധ മത്സരപരരീക്ഷകളവിലവവും നമ്മള്‍ ഏകറ മവനനറവി. കപദ്യാതവവവിദദദ്യാഭദദ്യാസ സവുംരക്ഷണതവികന്റെ കദ്യാരദതവില്‍ മറ്റവ ജവില്ലകള്‍കണ് നമ്മള്‍ മദ്യാതതൃകയദ്യാണണ്. മലപവറവും ജവില്ലദ്യാ പഞദ്യായതണ് ആവവിഷണ്കരവിചവ നടപവിലദ്യാകവി കകദ്യാണവിരവികവന വവിജയനഭരവി വവിദദദ്യാഭദദ്യാസ പദ്ധതവി, തനദ്ദേശ സസ്വയവുംഭരണ സദ്യാപനങ്ങളവകട ഇടകപടലവകള്‍, ജനപ്രതവിനവിധവികള്‍, എസണ്. എസണ്. കക, ഡയറ്റണ് , വവിദദദ്യാഭദദ്യാസ ഓഫരീസർമദ്യാർ ഒപവും എല്ലദ്യാ നല്ല പ്രവർതനങ്ങള്‍കവവും കഭൂകട നവില്‍കവന അധദദ്യാപകർ എനവിവരദ്യാണണ് ഈ നനട്ടങ്ങള്‍കവ പവിനവില്‍. നനട്ടങ്ങള്‍ ആനഘദ്യാഷവികവനതവിനനദ്യാകടദ്യാപവും അടവിയനവിര ശ്രദ്ധ പതവിനയണവന നമഖലകള്‍ ഇനവിയവവും ഏകറയവണണ്. 10 - ാം കദ്യാസവില്‍ നവിനവവും വവിജയവും നനടവി പ്ലസണ് 1, വവി. എചണ്. എസണ്. ഇ. കദ്യാസവകളവില്‍ എതവന വവിദദദ്യാർതവികളവില്‍ നകല്ലദ്യാരവ ശതമദ്യാനവും വവിദദദ്യാർതവികള്‍ ഹയർ കസകണറവി സവിലബസണ് പവിനവടരവനതവിനണ് ഏകറ പ്രയദ്യാസവും അനവഭവവികവനവരദ്യാണണ്. നകദ്യാവവിഡണ് കദ്യാരണവും സണ്കഭൂള്‍ പ്രവർതവി ദവിനങ്ങള്‍ നഷണ്ടകപട്ടനതദ്യാകട ഭഭൂരവിപക്ഷവും വവിദദദ്യാർതവികളവവും പഠന പ്രയദ്യാസങ്ങള്‍ അനവഭവവികവനവ. ഈകയദ്യാരവ പശദ്യാതലതവില്‍ പ്ലസണ്ടവ, വവി. എചണ്. എസണ്. ഇ. തലതവില്‍ വവിവവിധ വവിഷയങ്ങള്‍ അനദ്യായദ്യാസകരമദ്യായവി പഠവികവനതവിനവവും എല്ലദ്യാ വവിദദദ്യാതവികളവവും പ്ലസണ്ടവ, വവി. എചണ്. എസണ്. ഇ. പരരീക്ഷകളവില്‍ മവികച വവിജയവും ഉറപവ വരവതവനതവിനദ്യായവി കസ്റ്റെപണ് - അപണ് 22 എന നപരവില്‍ പ്രനതദക കമറ്റരീരവിയല്‍ വവിജയനഭരവി പദ്ധതവിയവകട ഭദ്യാഗമദ്യായവി തയദ്യാറദ്യാകവി സണ്കഭൂളവകളവികലതവികവകയദ്യാണണ്. തരീർചയദ്യായവവും ഈ കമറ്റരീരവിയല്‍ അധദദ്യാപകർകവവും വവിദദദ്യാർതവികള്‍കവവും ഏകറ സഹദ്യായകരമദ്യാകവകമനണ് പ്രതരീക്ഷവികവനവ. ഈ പഠനസഹദ്യായവി സമയബനവിതമദ്യായവി പഭൂർതരീകരവികവനതവിനണ് നനതതൃതസ്വവും നല്‍കവിയ മലപവറവും ഡയറ്റണ്, ഹയർ കസകണറവി ജവില്ലദ്യാ നകദ്യാർഡവിനനറ്റർ / അസവിസ്റ്റെന്റെണ് നകദ്യാർഡവിനനറ്റർ, ശവില്പശദ്യാലയവില്‍ പകങ്കെടവത അധദദ്യാപകർ എനവിവർകവള്ള നനവിയവവും കടപദ്യാടവവും പ്രനതദകവും അറവിയവികവനവ. സണ്കഭൂള്‍തലതവില്‍ അനവനയദ്യാജദമദ്യായ സമയവും കകണതവി രക്ഷവിതദ്യാകളവകട സഹകരണനതദ്യാകട ഈ പഠനപ്രവർതനങ്ങള്‍ വവിദദദ്യാർതവികള്‍കണ് നല്‍കണവും. അതവിനദ്യായവി എല്ലദ്യാ അധദദ്യാപകരവകടയവവും സഹകരണവും പ്രതരീക്ഷവികവനവ. പ്രസവിഡണണ് കചെയർനപഴണ്സണ്‍ അസവി: ഡയറക്ടർ ആർ.ഡവി.ഡവി പ്രവിന്‍സവിപദ്യാള്‍ ജവില്ലദ്യാ പഞദ്യായതണ് ആനരദ്യാഗദ വവിദദദ്യാഭദദ്യാസ വവി..എചണ്. എസണ്.ഇ മലപവറവും ഡയറ്റണ് മലപവറവും സവിരവും സമവിതവി മലപവറവും മലപവറവും വവിജയഭഭേരവി, മലപ്പുററം ജവിലല്ലാ പഞല്ലായതപ  STEP UP 22‟ English +1 Dear Teachers and Learners, The handbook „Step Up 22‟ English is prepared to ease the classroom interactions and to equip the learners for the first year English public examination. Attempts have been made to make it simple, comprehensive and student-friendly. All the lessons, the themes related to the lessons and important discourses are discussed. Hope the handbook will be useful to our students as well to the teachers. Team English HSS, „Vijayabheri‟ Prepared by: Salih A K HSST English, GHSS Thadathilparamba - Aroor ( 11144). Rabeela K HSST English, GHSS, Kottappuram (11023). Bindu Sheena A P HSST English, GHSS Pandikkad (11002). Vijayabheri Malappuram District Panchayat Page 1  Content Sections Topics Pages I Analysis of the 14 prose lessons. 3-12 II Important Characters. 13-18 III Analysis of the 5 poems. 19-25 IV Important Themes. 26-30 V Important Discourses 31-53 & Questions with Answers. VI Grammar 53-65 VII Let‟s Get Ready for the Examination. 66-93 Vijayabheri Malappuram District Panchayat Page 2  Section I Analysis of the 14 Prose Lessons. Dears, Here, let‟s analyse the content of the 14 prose lessons. Here we aim at the content comprehension of the lessons. Important themes of each lesson are also given after the analysis. Think of the themes and write a paragraph on it. 1. His First Flight  „His first flight‟ is a story written by Liam O‟Flaherty.  Liam O‟Flaherty was an Irish novelist and a short story writer.  It is the story of a young seagull, who was afraid to fly.  The young seagull lived on a ledge with his family.  He thought his wings would not support him to fly.  Lack of confidence and courage made him to stay on the ledge.  He was left alone on the ledge with nothing to eat.  His family, especially mother, gave him confidence to fly.  His father, two brothers, and a sister were flying around him and supported him.  Finally, he flew and all the family members showed their joy by flying with him.  Every child needs courage and support in his life.  To be successful we have to be courageous, confident and self reliant.  The story conveys the message that we can‟t achieve anything without taking risks. Important themes of the lesson: o Facing and overcoming challenges for achieving greatness. o Importance of mother‟s love and care. o Importance of courage, confidence and self reliance. Vijayabheri Malappuram District Panchayat Page 3 2. I Will Fly  I Will Fly is a speech delivered by Dr. A. P.J. Abdul Kalam.  Dr.Kalam advises us to be confident, self reliant, and unique.  He believes that the ignited mind of the youth is the most important resource of a country.  He expresses his hope that today‟s youth need not fear about their future.  He inaugurated a programme called „Sasthrayan‟ which means „the propagation of science.‟  The mission of Sasthrayan was the preparation of about 2000 students from different schools to be engineers, doctors, scientists, and managers.  Kalam‟s inaugural address was on the topic „Science Empowers the Nation‟  A boy from a remote village asked a question to Dr.Kalam.  He wanted to become a marine engineer.  He asked him how he could achieve his mission.  The boy was nervous and didn‟t have enough confidence to ask questions.  The audience was curious to know what reply Kalam would give to this young boy.  Kalam appreciated the boy for that question and recited the poem named “I Will Fly.‟  Everybody is born with potential and greatness.  Everyone has ideas and dreams.  Everybody is blessed with goodness and trust.  But in our society everybody wants us to be like others.  Kalam advised the boy to be unique.  We need to fight the hardest battle until we attain our goal. Important themes of the lesson: o Chase your dreams and discover the unique you. o Importance of being unique. 3. QUEST FOR A THEORY OF EVERY THING  Stephen Hawking was born on 8th January 1942 at Oxford in England.  His father was Frank and his mother was Isobel. Vijayabheri Malappuram District Panchayat Page 4   His early schooling was in Saint Alban‟s School.  He was a slow learner at the school.  His father wanted him to attend Oxford University.  In 1959 he joined Oxford and specialized in Mathematics and Physics.  He liked classical music, took part in sports and was famous for his wit.  He became popular and accepted by his friends.  Then he went to Cambridge for his further studies.  There he was contracted with a rare disease called Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.  Meeting Jane Wilde was a turning point in his life.  She supported him throughout his life.  His achievement as a scientist won him the title „Second Einstein‟.  He lost his capacity to communicate after an operation and later he used a programme called equalizer for communication.  His famous book A Brief History of Time was published in 1988.  He passed away on 14th march 2018. Important themes of the lesson: o Fighting against adversities and limitations. o „Good can come out of any adversity.‟ o Being unique in his/her own way. 4. And Then Gandhi Came  The lesson And then Gandhi Came is taken from The Discovery of India by Jawaharlal Nehru.  Nehru describes the uncertain condition in India after the First World War.  The First World War had a terrible impact on the Indian people.  The Indians were in a state of darkness and they had no one to guide them.  It was at this point that Gandhi came.  With Gandhiji's arrival Indian freedom struggle took a new shape.  Gandhiji was a powerful current of fresh air, he was like a beam of light that could pierce the darkness, he was the whirlwind.  He exhorted the rich people to stop exploiting the poor people.  He wanted to get rid of poverty and misery in India. Vijayabheri Malappuram District Panchayat Page 5   The essence of his teachings was fearlessness and truth.  Gandhi uprooted fear from the minds of people.  He guided the people on the way of truth.  Gandhiji's two-fold action was: a) Resisting foreign rule and b) Fighting against social evils inside the country.  Gandhiji had dreams about India, to bring social and religious harmony.  He wanted to ensure equal rights for women.  He dreamed of an India free from drinks and drugs.  Under Gandhiji's leadership India attained freedom from British rule.  Gandhiji was a man of strong will power and self-confidence. Important themes of the lesson: o Relationship between words and deeds. o Gandhiji as a great leader. o The essence of his teaching. 5. The Price of Flowers  The Price of Flowers is a story written by Prabhat Kumar Mukhopadhyay.  It is a story of hope and faith, joys and sorrows , expectations and realities.  It is an interesting story about a girl named Maggie and her mother Mrs.Clifford who had a poor family background in London.  The main character in the story is Maggie.  Mr. Gupta was an Indian working in London.  One day Mr.Gupta met Maggie at a restaurant.  She was working as a typist in a nearby shop.  She was not satisfied with her job, because it was mechanical.  Maggie believed that India was a country full of tigers, snakes and fevers.  Her brother Frank was a soldier in India and there was no news from him.  She wanted to know about her brother.  Maggie requested Gupta to look into the crystal ring and say if her brother Frank was alive. Vijayabheri Malappuram District Panchayat Page 6   Mr. Gupta looked into the ring and told a lie that Frank was alive.  The lie helped to save the life of Mrs. Clifford.  Mr.Gupta was shocked to learn that Frank had died in the war.  Maggie visited Mr. Gupta before he left for India.  She gave a shilling to buy flowers and to place it on the grave of her brother.  Mr.Gupta received the shilling.  It gave her joy beyond all price.  The Price of Flowers is the story of miraculous bonds of human relationship cemented in hope and faith. Important themes of the lesson: o The bond of human relationships. o Role of hope for tomorrow. o Influence of faith and superstition. 6. THE TRIP OF LEHORLA  The Trip of Le Horla is about a ride in a hot air balloon.  This is a thrilling balloon journey from Paris to Belgium  It tells how interesting the earth looks when viewed from a different angle, from above the earth.  There were five men in the balloon. Captain Jovis was their leader.  Their journey starts from La Villette in Paris.  They carried food, barometer, bits of paper and also sand to balance weight.  Many people gathered to witness the take off of the balloon.  The air balloon was sometimes rising and sometimes descending.  They watched the setting sun, rising moon, and the rising sun  When barometer showed 2350 meters at height they began to descend.  Finally, Captain Jovis, directed to have a favourable landing.  Passengers enjoyed the view of Paris city.  Passengers thanked Captain Jovis for a wonderful experience.  The reader almost experiences the same thoughts and feelings of the travellers. Vijayabheri Malappuram District Panchayat Page 7   It was a fantastic journey. Important themes of the lesson: o Travel Experience. o Thrill of adventures. 7. The Sacred Turtles of Kadavu  The Sacred Turtles of Kadavu describes a travel experience on the island of Kadavu.  It beautifully narrates a strange ritual of turtle calling.  We are taken to the village of Namuana.  Only maidens wearing black dress perform the ritual.  They gather on the beach and sing a strange chant.  Giant turtles would rise to the surface hearing the song.  If men from neighbouring village are present, the turtles won't rise up.  There is a legend behind the ritual of turtle calling.  One day the wife and the daughter of the Chief of Namuana, Tinaicoboga and Raudalice went for fishing.  Some fishermen from Nabukelevu village came in a canoe and caught them.  They did not listen to the request of the two women to set them free.  The sea gods were angry , they sent a huge storm and tossed the canoe.  The men threw the two women into the sea and the women changed into turtles.  The men ran away with fright.  The people of Namuana believe that Tinaicoboga and Raudalice live on the bay as two turtles.  It is in the memory of the two women that the maidens perform the strange ritual. Important themes of the lesson: o Travel is an eye-opener and it refreshes our life. o Legends and rituals increase the beauty and experience of life 8. Disaster and Disaster Management in India.  Disasters have become a big challenge for all humanity.  India is highly prone to disasters. Vijayabheri Malappuram District Panchayat Page 8   There are two types of disasters.  They are natural disasters and man-made disasters.  Disasters affect both developed and developing countries.  Some of the natural disasters are storms, floods, windstorm, earth quakes and drought.  The deadliest disaster is drought.  The man-made disaster that India witnessed in the last century was the Bhopal Gas Tragedy of 1984.  India faced disasters like Gujarat earthquakes, Mumbai flood, Chennai flood, Tsunami and flood in Kerala.  Death, damage and destruction are the immediate impacts of disasters.  Disasters cause damage to life supporting systems.  Rehabilitation is an important part of disaster management.  The rescue teams should be equipped with the latest technology. Important theme of the lesson: o Managing Disasters. 9. The Serang of Ranaganji  The Serang of Ranaganji is a story written by A.J Cronin.  The central character of the story is Hasan, the serang of the ship,Ranganji.  Here the author narrates how the brave deeds and words of Hasan helped to save the lives of many in the ship.  The ship, Ranaganji , started from Liverpool to Calcutta with 1500 passengers.  A.J Cronin was the doctor in the ship.  Hasan, the serang of the ship, was very ugly with short legs and a large disproportionate head.  Miss. Jope-Smith, chief social promoter in the ship, laughed at his ugly appearance.  Some of the crew got infected with smallpox.  As the doctor of the ship, it was the duty of A. J Cronin to control the spreading of disease.  He was weighed down by his responsibility. Vijayabheri Malappuram District Panchayat Page 9   Hasan agreed to take care of the patients.  He never expected reward or money.  He nursed the patients risking his own life.  He gave medicines in time.  Two patients died.  Hasan lowered the bodies into the sea reading aloud a short passage from the Ramayana.  His courage, self-control and faith helped to manage the disaster.  He supported the doctor in many ways.  He is a symbol of love, care, dedication and responsibility. Important themes of the lesson: o How one can manage adversities and disasters in life. o Role of Selfless service in disaster management o Don‟t Judge a person by his external appearance. 10.Gooseberries  ‘Gooseberries’ is a short story by the famous Russian writer Anton Chekhov.  Ivan Ivanich and Nicholai Ivanich are brothers.  Ivan is a veterinary surgeon and Nicholai was a clerk in government service.  But Nicholai's dream was to buy an estate with gooseberry bushes in it.  He resigned from his job.  He lived like a beggar and saved money to buy the estate.  He even married an ugly widow, took her money and starved her to death.  Nicholai fulfills his dream,becomes a landlord and enjoys eating gooseberries.  Ivan does not agree to his brother's way of life.  For Ivan, happiness means doing good things for others.  But Ivan realises he has not done anything good in his life.  It is too late. He has become old.  He prays to God to forgive him.  Rain stands for the awareness or the realisation or the spiritual awakening in the life of Ivan.  Gooseberries stand for the dreams of Nicholai. Vijayabheri Malappuram District Panchayat Page 10   The lesson explains the idea of happiness that differs from person to person. Important themes of the lesson: o Our likes and dislikes set the rhythm/harmony of our life. o Pursuing happiness in our own ways 11. Going Out for a Walk  Going out for a walk is a personal essay by Max Beerbohm.  Beerbohm presents himself as a strong opponent of walking.  He finds excuses when his friend invites him for a walk but at last he is forced to go.  Beerbohm‟s objection to walking is that it stops the brain.  Some people think that walking is a noble task.  Experience taught him that even the intelligent brains become inactive while walking.  Thus the walk ends in gossip or reading public notices.  Beerbohm is not totally against walking.  He is of the opinion that walking is good physically if it is done moderately.  He will never prefer to go for a walk without a reason. Important themes of the lesson: o Viewing a topic/subject from a different angle. o Walking : Good or bad for health? 12. The Cyberspace  Cyberspace is an intellectual, legal and artificial environment similar to a real estate.  There are differences like park land, shopping malls and red light zones.  There are areas for information and entertainment.  It is an unlimited world of virtual real estate.  It is a voluntary destination.  There are 3 main areas. 1. Private emails/ chats 2.Information and entertainment 3.Real communities  They make rules instead of following it.  It should be moderated to avoid unnecessary discussions and advertisements. Vijayabheri Malappuram District Panchayat Page 11   It is free from power structures.  There is no geographical / gender difference.  We have freedom to leave it or to love it. Important themes of the lesson: o Scope of cyberspace in the modern world. o The use and abuse of cyberspace 13. IS SOCIETY DEAD?  New generation gets addicted to i-pods, smart phones, other technical devices.  These addicts have common traits.  They have vacant eyes.  They are not social beings.  They don‟t have connection with outer society.  They become isolated.  They don't respond to social cues.  They miss the sound of nature, cry of a baby, songs of birds.  They miss the beauty of outer world.  Technology makes them isolated beings.  The ear phones disconnect them from outer world. Important themes of the lesson: o Moden technology and society. o I-pod generation disconnected from societal interactions. 14. THE CONCEPTUAL FRUIT  The new technology helps, enables and equips physically challenged and mentally retarded people.  Greta's father entertains Greta by creating a Greta's street, Greta's house with fruits in every room.  He decorates her room with things of her choice.  The story proves that technology provides, refreshment, relaxation, sense of achievement, confidence, happiness, satisfaction and companionship to people like Greta.  It is an additional boon to physically/ mentally challenged people. Important themes of the lesson: o Technology as a boon to the differently abled. o Virtual world versus actual world. Vijayabheri Malappuram District Panchayat Page 12  Section II Important Characters : 1. The Mother Seagull  The mother seagull is a character in the story His First Flight by Liam O'Flaherty.  She appears to be a tough but motivating character.  In reality, she is loving and caring.  She knows her children better than any other person.  She realises that her little one needs a lot of motivation to achieve his goal of flying.  She creates a challenging situation for the young seagull to make his first flight.  She appears with a piece of fish but halts in the air.  Maddened by hunger, the young seagull dives for the fish.  The mother helps the young seagull to develop self confidence and become self reliant.  Parents are the first teachers of their children.  Children learn the lessons of life mostly from home.  The mother seagull in the story is a role model for all the mothers. 2. The Young Seagull.  The young seagull is a character in the story His first flight by Liam O'Flaherty.  He was left alone on the ledge.  He was afraid to fly.  He lacked confidence.  He thought his wings would not support him.  He was also afraid of the vast expanse of the sea.  His siblings flew to the other side.  Young seagull was starving for a long time.  His parents tried to motivate him.  His mother approached with a piece of fish and halted in the air. Vijayabheri Malappuram District Panchayat Page 13   Maddened by hunger, the young seagull dived for the fish.  That helped him to make his first flight.  A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step. 3. The Village Boy  The young village boy asked a question to Dr.A.P.J Abdul Kalam  He was nervous and a typical representative of the youth of India.  He found fault with the education system he had.  He did not gain any confidence through his education.  He was afraid to talk to his teachers and friends.  He wanted to be a marine engineer.  He wanted to know how he could achieve his mission.  He became a centre of attraction among the audience.  Dr. Kalam motivated the young boy by reciting a poem named „I Will Fly.‟ 4. Maggie.  Maggie or Alice Margaret Clifford is the central character in the story „The Price of Flowers.‟  She is thirteen years old.  Her eyes and clothing showed her poverty.  Her family includes her widowed mother and a brother.  Her brother was working as a soldier in Punjab.  Maggie met Mr. Gupta at a restaurant.  She was interested in him for an unknown reason.  She shared her sorrow with Mr.Gupta.  For Maggie, India was a land of tigers, snakes and fevers.  She believed that most Indians were vegetarians.  Maggie worked as a typist.  She was not satisfied with her job because it was mechanical.  She played violin very well.  She was extremely concerned about her mother who worked hard by selling cakes to support her. Vijayabheri Malappuram District Panchayat Page 14   Like her mother, she was also haunted by the thoughts of her brother Frank.  There had been no news of Frank for long.  She was very nostalgic about her brother Frank.  She gave away a shilling to Mr.Gupta for buying flowers to be kept on the grave of her brother.  She is a symbol of love, innocence and dedication.  Maggie is a touching character in the story „The Price of Flowers‟. 5. Mr. Gupta  Mr.Gupta is the narrator of the story The Price of Flowers.  He is an Indian citizen staying in England.  He is a learned and educated gentleman.  One day he met Maggie at a restaurant.  He was curious about the girl because he found she was curious about him.  He went to see Maggie‟s mother when she was sick.  Mr.Gupta was surprised that Maggie and her family were highly superstitious.  Though he couldn‟t see anything through the crystal ring he told a lie that Frank was alive.  It was his caring nature that made him hide the fact about Frank‟s death.  He was forced to tell a lie that Frank was alive.  Gupta was a kind and compassionate person.  He considered Maggie as a sister.  Maggie visited Mr.Gupta before he left for India.  Maggie gave a shilling to buy flowers and to place it on the grave of her brother.  Gupta accepted the shilling because Maggie would feel consoled whenever she did something for her brother.  His simplicity and humility made the difference. 6. Captain Jovis.  Captain Jovis is the central character in the lesson The Trip of Le Horla.  He is crazy of adventures.  Without having pressure of a captain, he enjoys the balloon journey throughout. Vijayabheri Malappuram District Panchayat Page 15   His words and deeds thrill the other passengers in the trip.  He took care not to cause panic his fellow passengers.  He is an epitome of dedication, confidence, courage and responsibility.  His will power to lead an adventure is amazing.  He could keep up the team spirit among the fellow passengers from the beginning to the end.  We see a brave coach and cheer leader in him.  The right balance of values, competence, smartness and adventurous spirit makes him a true leader.  Captain Jovis truly deserves the applause for the grand success of the balloon journey. 7.Hasan  Hasan is the serang of the ship Ranaganji.  He looks squat and ugly.  He has short legs and a large disproportionate head.  Hasan agreed to take care of the patients.  He never expected reward or money.  He nursed the patients risking his own life.  He gave medicines in time.  When the two patients died, Hasan lowered the bodies into the sea reading aloud a short passage from the Ramayana.  His courage, self-control and faith helped to manage the disaster.  He supported the doctor in many ways.  Selfless service and simplicity of Hasan impressed the doctor.  He is a symbol of love, care, dedication and responsibility. 8. Dr. A. J Cronin , the narrator.  Dr. A J Cronin is the narrator of the story, The Serang of Ranaganji.  He did his duty sincerely and efficiently.  He was young and inexperienced in his profession.  He couldn‟t control his emotion when smallpox was reported in the ship.  He treated the patients with the help of Hasan.  He discussed everything with Captain Hamble. Vijayabheri Malappuram District Panchayat Page 16   He was surprised at the noble qualities of Hasan.  He could manage the disaster with the available resources.  He didn‟t entertain Miss. Jopesmith, who laughed at Hasan.  He was a good observer and a man of values. 9. Nicholai lvanich Nicholai is a character with a difference in the story Gooseberries. He is the younger brother of Ivan. He is a man with his own likes and dislikes. He was a government employee. He had a dream. His dream was to own a farm with a garden, river and with a gooseberry bush. He saved money for that. He sacrificed the happiness of life to achieve his dream. Finally, he bought the farmhouse. He planted gooseberries. He was very happy when he ate the gooseberries from his farm. 10. Ivan Ivanich Ivan is an important character in the story Gooseberries by Anton Chekhov. He is a veterinary surgeon. He believes that happiness is derived from freedom, justice and morality. He dreamt of a society that is based on equality and social justice. He told his brother‟s story to his friends. He tried to change his brothers‟ lifestyle by giving money to him. He didn‟t agree with his brother‟s plan. He seems to be jealous to see his brother‟s happiness. He never had a dream like that of his brother. He was restless even to see his happy brother. Here the writer presents a special character through Ivan who is lost in wilderness to find his real self. Vijayabheri Malappuram District Panchayat Page 17 11. Greta Greta is the main character in the story Conceptual Fruit. She is a sixteen-year-old differently abled girl. She attends a special school She is studying in a special school. She has blonde hair and blue eyes. She has the habit of repeating everything she hears. She types slowly on the computer. She is attached to her father. Her father makes attempts to please her engaging her in the cyberspace. Her father teaches her how to create home on the internet. But she understands the limitations of cyberspace. She is disappointed as she couldn‟t get real fruits on cyberspace. Greta is blessed to have a loving and caring father. 12. Greta‟s Father Greta‟s father is one of the main characters in the story Conceptual Fruits. He is a loving father who finds enough time to spend with Greta, her differently abled child. He is good at computer. So he teaches her word and image on computer. He makes attempts to please Greta engaging her in the cyberspace. He teaches her how to create home on the internet. He shows much patience in dealing with the child. He is anxious about the future of his daughter. At the same time he is hopeful that she may get a word processing job in future. He is a loving and caring father. Vijayabheri Malappuram District Panchayat Page 18  Section III Analysis of the five Poems Dears, There are five poems in the Course Book. Study all the poems so that you can attend maximum questions in the question paper. Studying poems is a simple task. Keep in mind six points while preparing review of a poem: 1. Title and the poet. 2. Theme of the Poem. 3. Brief summary of the poem. 4. Poetic devices used in the poem. 5. Your personal comments. 6. Message or messages. Here, let‟s analyse the poems one by one: 1. IF o IF is a motivational poem by Rudyard Kipling. o It is about how to become an ideal citizen. o The poem is in the form of instructions given by a father to his child. o We need to have self confidence to face tough situations in life. o We need to have faith in ourselves even if others do not believe us. o We should be patient and cool while dealing with different kinds of people. o We should hold on to truth whatever be. o It is good to do self evaluation. o We should give importance to action rather than words. Vijayabheri Malappuram District Panchayat Page 19  o Dream big and try to achieve it. o But we should not be slaves to our dreams and thoughts. o We need to take success and failure in the same way. o Be an emotionally balanced person. o Make the best use of time, each second is precious. o We should treat everyone equally. o Above all, we should forgive people. o Then we become true humans. Theme of the Poem:  Values for self development.  How to become an ideal citizen. 2. Death, the Leveller o Death the Leveller is a funeral song written by James Shirley. o The central idea of the poem is that death is a great leveller or equaliser. o Wealth, power and social status are temporary. o We cannot escape from the cold grasp of death. o Nothing can protect us from the final destiny. o The king and the farmer become equal in death. o The victories that we achieve in war are short lived. o Because the victors become victims of fate. o It is useless to boast of our mighty deeds. o Every head must come to the cold tomb. o Life is like a bubble. o We don't know when it will explode. o Only our good deeds will remain after our death. o Let us stop violence and bloodshed on this earth. o Let people remember us for our good actions. Theme of the Poem:  The importance of doing good deeds.  Death as a great equaliser.  The futility of wars and bloodshed. Vijayabheri Malappuram District Panchayat Page 20 3. SUNRISE ON THE HILLS  The poem „Sunrise on the hills‟ is written by H.W.Longfellow.  Here the poet glorifies the enchanting beauty of nature.  The poem consists of three stanzas of varying length.  The poet is delighted by the magnificent sight of nature.  The poet is standing on the hill. The poem starts with the sunrise amidst the hills.  The poet observes the changes that occur in nature when the sun rises.  The sky is glorious with the rays of rising sun.  The rising sun makes the glory of the clouds fade.  The sun is compared to a warrior.  The valley responds to the rising sun in a lively manner.  The water that flows in the river gets darkened by the shade of the forest.  The idea behind the poem is that nature is a source of inspiration and cure.  It can heal the wounds of heart and mind.  The poem is full of visual, auditory and kinesthetic imagery.  The poem is rich in imagery and musicality. Theme of the Poem:  Enjoying beauty of nature.  Healing power of nature. 4. The Wreck of the Titanic  The Wreck of the Titanic is one of the famous poems of Benjamin Peck Keith.  It is written as an elegy in memory of the heroes of the ship Titanic that sank on 14th April 1912.  Captain Smith and the crew remained in the ship while it was sinking in to the depths of Atlantic.  The poet calls the ship „a poem of iron and steel‟.  On the tragic night, it collided with a massive ice berg.  Women and children got top priority to be rescued from the sinking Titanic.  Captain Smith never thought of saving himself for a moment. Vijayabheri Malappuram District Panchayat Page 21   The figures of speech such as metaphor, alliteration, assonance and consonance give considerable elegance to the poem.  The poem highlights the virtues of life such as bravery, compassion, devotion.  Bravery and heroism of Captain Smith and his team will be remembered forever. Theme of the Poem:  Bravery shown to manage disasters/ Titanic ship wreck.  True and noble heroism. 5. To Sleep  To Sleep is a sonnet by William Wordsworth.  The poet experiences sleeplessness.  He was so worried.  Some images of nature flashed through his mind.  The poem presents some finest sights and sounds.  He considers sleep as a mistress.  It is the mother of fresh thoughts and joyous health.  It is the blessed barrier between day and day.  The poet uses figures of speech in the poem.  They make the poem very effective.  Sleep is personified throughout the poem.  „Blessed barrier‟ is an example for oxymoron, metaphor and alliteration. Theme of the Poem:  Sleep is a must for a healthy life. Poetic Devices/Figures of speech Poets use poetic devices in their poems. They make the poems more effective and interesting. Poetic devices broadly include figures of speech, rhyme scheme, metre etc. Now we are going to list out the figures of speech used in the five poems of our plus one textbook. POEMS LINES FIGURE OF SPEECH Vijayabheri Malappuram District Panchayat Page 22 IF If you can fill the unforgiving minute Metaphor If you can dream and not make dreams Personification your master If you can bear to hear the truth you have Symbol spoken Twisted by knaves to make a trap for fools DEATH THE LEVELLER Death lays his icy hand on kings Personification With the poor crooked scythe and spade Personification, Transferred epithet Sceptre and crown, scythe and spade Metonymy, Symbol Some men with swords may reap the field Metaphor Upon Death‟s purple altar now Personification, Transferred epithet See where the victor - victim bleeds Oxymoron, Alliteration Smell sweet and blossom in their dust Alliteration, Synaesthesia SUNRISE ON THE I stood upon the hills when heaven‟s wide Metaphor HILLS arch And woods were brightened, and soft Oxymoron gales And in their fading glory, shone Oxymoron Like hosts in battle overthrown Simile I heard the distant waters dash Onomatopoeia I saw the current whirl and flash Onomatopoeia Dim the sweet look that nature gives Synaesthesia THE WRECK OF THE Out of Southampton she swung with the Personification TITANIC stream A poem of iron and steel, A sea dream Metaphor For no eye saw death as he stood at the Synecdoche wheel Vijayabheri Malappuram District Panchayat Page 23  She was the last best work of men Personification Was there ever a scene so awfully grand Oxymoron TO SLEEP And could not win thee sleep by any Personification, stealth Assonance Without Thee what is all the morning‟s Personification wealth Come blessed barrier between day and Metaphor, Alliteration, day Oxymoron Dear mother of fresh thoughts and joyous Personification health  Don‟t forget to go through the pages 31, 32 and 69 of your course book. Poem Comprehension Questions: 1. Read the lines from the poem „Death the Leveller' Only the actions of the just Smell sweet and blossom in the dust Elaborate the meaning of the above lines. Answer: The poem "Death the Leveller" is written by the Elizabethan poet James Shirley. In this poem, the poet says that death takes away life from earth without any difference. Only our good actions that we do when we are alive remain after our death. The memories of good deeds will bring a sweet scent and leave its fragrance all around. Smell Sweet is an example of alliteration and synaesthesia. Question 2. Read the lines from the poem ' If '. If you can dream and not make dreams your master If you can think and not make thoughts your aim Vijayabheri Malappuram District Panchayat Page 24 Elaborate the meaning of the above lines. Answer: The poem ' IF' is written by Rudyard Kipling. In the poem, a father talks to his son on how to become an ideal citizen. The poet says it is good to dream but we should not let our dreams control our life. It is good to think but the thoughts should not take us away from the real world. Dreams and thoughts are examples for personification. Questions for Practice: Elaborate the meaning of the given lines. 1. If you can fill the unforgiving minute With sixty seconds worth of distance run 2. The glories of our blood and state Are shadows, not substantial things There is no armour against Fate; 3. Upon Death's purple Altar now See where the Victor-Victim bleeds. a) Identify the poet. b) Identify two poetic devices in the given lines. c) Comment on the expression "Death's purple Altar". Vijayabheri Malappuram District Panchayat Page 25  Section IV Important Themes: Dears, Each lesson of our course book is based on certain themes. So we need to focus on the important themes. You have to present your thoughts related to the themes in your write-ups and discourses. Let‟s analyse the important themes related to the „focus area.‟ 1. Traits of a great personality/Glimpses of greatness Great personalities inspire us. Their words and deeds motivate us. They achieve greatness through hard work and commitment. Perseverance is the key to open the world of greatness. They are sincere to their words and deeds. They are people with vision and passion. Their interventions change the world. They are optimistic. They become unique facing the challenges of life with courage, confidence and self reliance. They are strong with the belief that good can come out of any adversity. They always remind the people around them that they are the need of the hour. Vijayabheri Malappuram District Panchayat Page 26 Their thoughts and ideas can bring revolutionary changes in the world. 2. Importance of confidence and courage. Confidence and courage are important soft skills. Lack of such qualities blocks our personality development. Family plays a crucial role in making us courageous and confident. In the story „His First Flight‟ the mother of the young seagull gave him confidence to fly. Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam wanted people to be confident, self reliant and hardworking. To be successful we have to be courageous, confident and self reliant. We can‟t achieve anything without taking risks. Without confidence nothing worthwhile can be achieved. Parents have a major role to equip their children to face the challenges of life. Courage, Motivation and support from the side of parents help their children to fly high to the world of success. 3. Mother‟s care and love. “God couldn‟t be present everywhere, so He created mothers”. The words of Tagore underline the importance of mothers. Mother is the first friend, first teacher and the first guide of her children. She is the thread that connects all the members of a family. She is a symbol of love and sacrifice. Mother is the pillar of a family. She is a great listener and encourages the children to do their best. She inspires the children to become bold and confident. She is the lovely shadow of God who protects her children from all the dangers. So let‟s treat our mothers with care and affection. Vijayabheri Malappuram District Panchayat Page 27 In the story His First Flight the mother seagull gives all the motivation that the young seagull needed to overcome its inhibition. 4. Importance of being unique. Dr.Kalam advises us to be unique. He was responding to a question asked by a young village boy. We can achieve our mission if we do the things in our unique ways. Everyone in the world is born with ideas and dreams. Our life-goal should be to find out the „unique YOU‟ We should work hard to find out our real self. We can be great if we are unique. The beauty of the universe lies in unique contributions of different people. We should never try to imitate others blindly. Let‟s think different, do different and make differences. We may make this world beautiful rendering our unique self. 5.Relevance of Gandhian Principles. Gandhiji stood for the principles of truth and non-violence. He did not make war but peace. His weapon was truth or Satyagraha. His slogan "Be fearless" inspired the youth. He emphasized dignity of labour and human values. He was against all social evils like child marriage, drugs, drinks, inequality etc. He voiced for communal harmony. Gandhiji respected tradition. His religion was all-inclusive. He appreciated all cultures but he was deep-rooted in his culture. We should work hard to fulfil his dreams. Vijayabheri Malappuram District Panchayat Page 28 We should uphold democratic values. We should ensure social justice and gender equality. It is never too late to retrace his steps. 6.Death as an Equaliser Death is the great equalizer. We are all equal in front of death. Whatever we achieve in life is temporary. Man is proud of his earthly achievements. But there is no protection against death. The sceptre and crown becomes equal with scythe and spade. The symbols of power and tools of hard work are equal in death. Death comes unexpectedly. Victor and victim become equal in death. Death does not show any discrimination. Death is a fair and just power. Death places his cold hands on all. We can outlive death only through our good deeds. 7. Travelling as an eye-opener to new cultures, traditions and rituals. It is said that travelling is a book and those who do not travel read only a page of it. Travel opens up new refreshing snapshots before us. It often helps us change philosophy of our life. Travel opens our mind, our eyes and our heart. It makes us feel happy. It helps us to see rather than to read. We can explore new cultures and new traditions. One needs to travel with the right mindset. It gives us new experience. Each trip gives us a unique experience. With increasing facilities, people started to travel around. They got to know more about other cultures, rituals etc. Some travel experiences involve exploring the real self of a land. The ritual of turtle calling is practised in the island of Fiji. Vijayabheri Malappuram District Panchayat Page 29 8. Importance of Sleep Sleep is essential for a healthy way of life. Sleep refreshes our mind. It makes us relaxed. Lack of sleep affects our health. We become tired and weak. We cannot do our daily activities. Sleep is the blessed barrier between day and day. It is the mother of fresh thoughts and joyous health 9. Walking as an Exercise. Walking helps us to increase our stamina. Walking improves blood circulation. It makes our muscles strong. It increases our vital capacity. In general, moderate exercise improves the immune system. Over exerting oneself in the name of exercise harms our body. The proper walking technique involves correct posture, stride length, foot placement and foot length. Do's in walking:  Walk briskly.  Swing your arms while walking.  Walk on the right side of the road.  Walk with happy and free mind.  Use Zebra lines to cross the road. Don't s in walking  Don't walk too slowly.  Don't talk while walking.  Don't drink water while walking.  Don't walk on the left side.  Don't use mobile phones while walking. Vijayabheri Malappuram District Panchayat Page 30  Section V IMPORTANT DISCOURSES/ITEMS Dears, Here most important thirteen discourses are discussed. Some common expressions are given before the discourses. Hope they will help you to attend the questions with confidence. The themes discussed in the previous sections will help you to fill the content part of the discourses. 1. Speech Common Expressions: Good morning, Dear teachers and friends, I am very happy to be here on this occasion. I would like to speak on the topic……… It is very important. It is the need of the hour. I would like to conclude my words. Thank you Question: Vijayabheri Malappuram District Panchayat Page 31 You are asked to deliver a speech on the „Importance of confidence, courage and self-reliance and of being unique‟ in front of your classmates on the occasion of observing World Mental Health Day. Prepare the script of the speech. Answer: Dear teachers and friends, Good morning , I am very happy to be here on this occasion. We are observing World Mental Health Day. Now I would like to talk to you on the „Importance of confidence, courage and self-reliance and of being unique.‟ All of us are born with special talents and skills. We should work hard to find out our „real self‟. We can become unique facing the challenges of life with courage, confidence and self reliance. We can see many great people in the world.They are strong with the belief that good can come out of any adversity. They always remind the people around them that they are the need of the hour. Their thoughts and ideas can bring revolutionary changes in the world. Friends, let‟s be confident, courageous and self-reliant. Let‟s stop imitating others blindly. We may make this world beautiful rendering our „unique self‟ to the best. Let‟s empower our mind to bring miracles around us. I would like to conclude my words. Thank you. 2. Profile Common Expressions: …… was born at Porbandar in Gujarat on 2nd October in 1869. He/she was /is a famous…….(director, player, writer, leader, etc.) He/She was honoured with……… He/ She was/is lucky to have loving parents. He/she has/had an eventful childhood. Vijayabheri Malappuram District Panchayat Page 32  He/she completed his /education at…… He/she wrote many books. He/she got many awards. He/she was/is a man with vision and passion. Question: Write a profile of Sachy, the famous Malayalam film director using the hints given below. Name: K.R. Sachidanandan PET name: Sachy Born: 25 December 1972, Kodungaloor, Thrissur Profession: Screenwriter, Director, Producer, Advocate First movie directed:Anarkali Hit movie:Ayyappaum Koshiyum.2020 Died: 18 June 2020 Answer: K.R. Sachidanandan was a famous Malayalam Film Director. He was popularly known as Sachy to the Malayalam film fans. He was born on 25th December 1972 at Kodungallor in Thrissur. He entered the film field not as a director but as a screen writer. His debut film „Anarkali‟ was released in 2015. His ever hit movie Ayyapannum Koshiyum was released in 2020,starring Biju Menon and Prithviraj. He passed away on 18th June in 2020. He still lives through the minds of so many film lovers. He was a director with vision and passion. 3. E-mail Vijayabheri Malappuram District Panchayat Page 33  I hope all is well. I am sending this email to share my experience……….. I am sending this email to invite you to our school. I am sending this email to appreciate you. I am very happy/I am sad/I am very shocked It‟s our great pleasure. Looking forward to hearing from you soon please keep in touch Best regards. Have a wonderful day. Thanking you Question: You are inspired by Dr.APJ.Abdul kalam‟s speech „I Will Fly‟ and you decide to communicate your thoughts and ideas to your friend who is studying abroad through an email. Draft the email. Answer: To [email protected] Cc Bcc Subject Kalam‟s speech Dear Reenu, Hope you are well. How are your studies going? Are there online classes now? I am sending this email to share an amazing experience. I listened to a speech by Dr.APJ Abdul Kalam. Kalam shares his experience of inaugurating the programme called Sasthrayan. A boy asked him a question about how to gain confidence in life. Kalam appreciated the boy for that question and recited the poem named “I will fly‟. I was greatly impressed by the speech of Dr.APJ Abdul kalam. He says that the world around us wants us to be like others. But Kalam tells us to be Unique. You should not try to be somebody else. I think this is a wonderful idea. Kalam wants people to be courageous, hardworking and confident. I really enjoyed this speech. It has given me a new insight and I suggest you to listen to it. I am attaching the original text of the speech. You will find it rewarding. Vijayabheri Malappuram District Panchayat Page 34 Have a wonderful day Thanking you. Yours lovingly [email protected] 4. Letter to the Editor Common Expressions: I am writing this letter to express my concern about… It is high time we realised the seriousness of the situation. I strongly believe that…. It is dangerous…….. It is the need of the hour. Stern steps should be taken to address the issue. I would urge the authorities to look into the matter seriously. Kindly publish this through the appropriate columns of your esteemed daily. Question:1 Disaster management is a collective responsibility. In spite of the constant efforts and awareness programmes of the health department, the pandemic situation continues. People sometimes do not follow the restrictions or the protocol. You decide to write a letter to the editor of a daily reminding the authorities to implement strict punishment to those who violate the rules. Draft the letter. Answer: From Ashley Vijayabheri Malappuram District Panchayat Page 35  Shangri-la Chennai. 6th June 2021 To The Editor The Hindu Sir, Sub: Pandemic situation- need for strict rules and regulations. I am writing this letter to express my concern about the increasing number of covid cases in Malappuram these days. If people do not follow the instructions, they will have to pay a heavy price for it. The death toll is increasing. It is high time we realised the seriousness of the situation. I strongly believe that there should be a strict rule and severe punishment should be given to those who violate the rules. People should observe social distancing. They should not step out of their homes except during unavoidable situations. I would urge the authorities to look into the matter seriously. Kindly publish this through the appropriate columns of your esteemed daily. Yours truly, Sd/- Ashley. Question.2 Gandhi dreamt of an India where there is no rich- poor divide, an India in which there is no high class and low class of people, an India in which all communities shall live in perfect harmony. Do you think India upholds all the ideals envisioned by the father of our nation? Write a letter to the editor of a popular daily bringing out your concern. Answer : From Ashley, Shangri la, Vijayabheri Malappuram District Panchayat Page 36 Chennai. 6th June 2021 To The Editor, Times of India. Sir, Subject: Request to uphold Gandhian ideals- regarding. I am writing this letter to express my concern about the increasing gap between the rich and the poor in India these days. India as we all know is a democratic country that is secular in nature. Recent studies reveal that the gap between the rich and the poor is on the increase and the number of people below poverty line is also increasing. It is high time we realised the seriousness of the situation. I strongly believe that the authorities concerned should bring suitable policies to uplift the poor. The poor should be given free education and job opportunities. Free medical and health insurance should be provided to the BPL families.I would urge the authorities to look into the matter seriously. Kindly publish this through the appropriate columns of your esteemed daily. Yours truly, Sd/ Ashley. 5. Write-up/ Paragraph Common Expressions: Vijayabheri Malappuram District Panchayat Page 37 It is very important. We should discuss it in detail. It has many merits and demerits I have a dream. It is the need of the hour. It is a noble one. I will do my best to achieve my goal. It is true. I do agree with it. In my opinion…….. I think…….. In my view….. Question: The young village boy in „I Will Fly‟ wants to be a marine engineer. Maggie likes to do the work of a secretary in future. What do you want to be in your future? Prepare a write up on your career plans and explain why you like it. Answer: I have a dream. I would like to be a teacher in my life. It is a noble profession. A teacher is always respected by the society. It is very important. A teacher can mould a person. He can be considered as the strongest pillar of the society.A teacher influences the society around him. A teacher always acts as a social engineer. Any positive change in society is brought about by a teacher. A teacher can bring revolutionary changes in the society. So I will work hard to be a promising teacher. I will do my best to achieve my goal. Vijayabheri Malappuram District Panchayat Page 38 6. Interview Common Expressions (questions) 1. What is the turning point in your life? 2. Who is your role model? 3. Do you enjoy this career? 4. Can you tell me a little about yourself? 5. What is your greatest professional achievement? 6. Tell me about a challenge you've faced at work. 7. Can you tell us something about your childhood? 8. What is your message to the new generation? 9. What is your next project? 10.What inspired you to become a……? Question: Imagine you got a chance to interview A.J Cronin, the doctor of the ship, Ranaganji. Prepare five questions that you may ask on the occasion. Answer: 1.What inspired you to become a doctor? 2.Tell me about a challenge you've faced at work. 3.What is your greatest professional achievement? 4.Do you enjoy this career? 5.Can you tell us something about Hasan, the Serang of Ranaganji? Vijayabheri Malappuram District Panchayat Page 39  Debate Point / For 7. &Against/Agree & Disagree Common Expressions: I agree with it. I do agree with it. It is right. Sorry, I can‟t agree with it. It is wrong. It is good. There are many merits and demerits. It can be viewed from different angles. There is no sense in the argument. Question. We learned how the vigilance of parents, especially of the mother seagull, made the first flight of the young seagull possible. But, old age homes are mushrooming in Kerala, „the God‟s own country‟. „Are old age homes a boon or a curse to Kerala, the God‟s own country?‟ The Debate club of your school conducts a debate on the topic. Write four arguments for or against the topic Answer:  Old age home is a curse to our state.  I can‟t agree with this „culture‟ of insulting our parents.  It is our duty to take care of our parents. Vijayabheri Malappuram District Panchayat Page 40   Old age requires love and care. Essays/Articles 8. You may have to attend many questions of this type in your question paper. Often, they carry 6 to 8 score each. Practise the common expressions given below and try to include them in your essays/articles with slight necessary changes. Moreover, the expressions can be used in speech, letter to the editor, write-ups, etc. Please see how „the common expressions‟ are used in the answer to the question given below. Common Expressions: It is very important. It is the need of the hour. It is a must in the modern world. The importance of the topic is increasing day by day. There are many challenges. It plays an important role. It is a serious issue. There are many pros and cons. It has many merits and demerits Government should be very vigilant. Stern steps should be taken in this regard We have been doing a lot in this regard. Still we have miles to go. Let‟s work hard for a better society. Vijayabheri Malappuram District Panchayat Page 41 Question: Analyse the news headlines given below: Police Nab Inter-State Thief Body of Class X student Found in Water-filled Pit Opposition Disrupts Assembly Proceedings A young Girl Brutally killed In the light of the news headlines, prepare an article on the relevance of Gandhian ideas of non-violence, peace and equal rights in the modern world. Answer: The Relevance of Gandhian Principles The relevance of Gandhian principles is increasing day by day. Gandhian principles are very important in the modern world. They are the need of the hour. Now we are living in a world where everything is measured in terms of money.The new generation gives no importance to our traditions and values. Gandhiji always emphasized the significance of value-based education. He upheld the principles of ahimsa and truth.He also stressed the importance of fearlessness in life. He strongly stood against the social evils like caste system. He was sincere to his words and deeds. At present we are shocked to hear about the cruel hands against women and children. There are many challenges for them. He firmly believed that women should enjoy the same right as men. He dreamt of an India where all communities live in perfect harmony. Constant vigil should be kept to cherish the Gandhian principles. We should promote them among our children. Government should be very vigilant to include Gandhian values in the school curriculum. Stern steps should be taken in this regard. Though we have been doing a lot, we have miles to go. Let‟s work hard for a better society. Vijayabheri Malappuram District Panchayat Page 42  Poem 9. Appreciation Common Expressions: The poem …….. is written by….. This poem is a ……….. The central idea of the poem is that…. The poet speaks about the importance of ……. It reminds us of …… The poetic devices add to the beauty of the poem. The poem has the rhyme scheme …….. The poet has used simple language. This poem shows the vibrant imagination of the poet. The style is smooth and clear. The poem has a charm that keeps the readers under its custody. It has a freshness of outlook even when the theme is universal. The visual imagery makes a fascinating appeal in the minds of readers. Question: Read the poem given below and write an appreciation. AM I NEXT? Am I next? Am I the next one to go? The deaths recently of people I know. A cliff edge there. And beyond is below. Me then, up here, will be nowhere on snow. Vijayabheri Malappuram District Panchayat Page 43 It is fate, of course, Inevitable. That at some point be my turn to be next The loss I face then, inestimable. Not outside it; my direct interest. I am saddened. Feel saddened and bereft. Not superficial self-pity. Deeper Advance grief. Nothing of me will be left I cannot swerve meeting the grim reaper So, for this shock ahead I have sorrow. I know it will be my turn tomorrow. Now prepare an appreciation of the poem focusing on its theme, message, relevance and figures of speech. Answer: The poem Am I Next is written by an unknown poet. It has a good theme. He says that death is inevitable. The poet anticipates his death. He paints a grim picture of death. He was upset by the loss of people around him The poet is in love with his life. It is very striking that our turn of death may come at any time. The poet has used many poetic devices. They make the poem very effective. The theme of the poem is very relevant. We can read the poem from different angles. One can enjoy the poem as it gives a good message. The poetic devices enhance the beauty of the poem. The rhyme scheme used in the poem makes it a melodious one. 10. Live Report Common Expressions: Hello I am …… from Global TV channel. Now I am at……….. I am here to report…….. Vijayabheri Malappuram District Panchayat Page 44 It‟s really unbelievable….. Thousands of people are gathered here….. It‟s really amazing /interesting/touching. What a wonder! Question:Imagine that you are a news channel reporter and you visited the Namuana Village to witness the strange ritual of turtle calling. Draft a Live TV report of the event. Answer: Hello friends! I am Gopan from Fiji. I am here at the Namuana seashore. The women of Namuana village still preserve a very strange ritual-that is „turtle calling‟. Thousands of people including foreigners have gathered here to watch and enjoy the strange ritual. The maidens of this village have assembled on the seashore.They are in black dress with a tattooed club in their hands. They are singing a strange chant. Now look carefully down into the water of the bay. Wow! We can see giant turtles rising one by one on the surface listening to the music. It is very amazing to find that the turtles would not rise up in the presence of any member of the nearby village of Nabukelevu. The entire village is in a festive mood to see the descendants of the princess, Tinaicoboga and her daughter, Raudalice. This is not a fairy tale. It actually takes place. There is an interesting legend behind the ritual. We will get back after a short break with the details of the legend behind the turtle calling. Till then ….bye from Gopan with cameraman Sayan. 11. Travel Essay A trip to ………… remains unfaded in my memory. It was during ………… holidays. ……….. is one of the most favourite tourist spots. It gives me a break from my dull routine. I feel refreshed. Vijayabheri Malappuram District Panchayat Page 45  The cool climate and the scenic beauty of the place makes the place my favourite tourist spot. I will return to ………… It has captured my mind and heart. I would say ………... is an ideal destination for people who want to spend time close to nature. Question: You visited a hill station during your summer holidays. Write a travel essay to be published in your school magazine about the place you visited. Answer : A Trip to Wayanad A trip to Wayanad remains unfaded in my memory.It was during onam holidays. Wayanad is one of my favourite tourist spots. It gives me a break from my dull routine. I feel refreshed. We started in the evening. We were five packed in a car. The pattering of rain sometimes blocked my view of certain sights. There we stopped and never missed even a single beauty spot. While others were capturing the images in their mobiles, I captured and preserved it in my heart. The stay at the resort increased my excitement. I heard the silence of nature on that cold night. I was away from all the disturbing thoughts of busy life. I enjoyed all the spots till the next evening. The cool climate and the scenic beauty of the place make it my favourite tourist spot. I would say Wayanad is an ideal destination for people who want to spend time close to nature. I will return to Wayanad. It has captured my mind and heart. 12. Informal/ Friendly Letter Common Expressions: Hope you are fine. How is your (job/ family/ health)? I really want to appreciate you for your good deeds I'm happy there are a lot of people like you in this world Vijayabheri Malappuram District Panchayat Page 46 Your words and deeds refreshed our life. Let me congratulate you. Keep up your good work. Looking forward to meeting you someday. Yours lovingly, Name Question: Maggie writes a letter to Mr. Gupta appreciating him for his love and care. Prepare the letter. Answer: Dear Mr. Gupta, Hope you are fine. How is your new job? Hope you have visited my brother‟s grave. I can never forget those sweet moments I had with you. I really appreciate you for your good deeds. I am happy there are people like you in this world. Your words and deeds refreshed our life. My mother always talks about you. If you visit London again we will arrange accommodation and food in our house. Looking forward to meeting you someday. Lovingly, Name. Other context: 1. Letter appreciating the village boy. 2. Letter congratulating Hasan. 3. Letter to your close friend sharing your experiences of…. ( imaginary textual contexts) 13. Newspaper Report Common Expressions According to the official sources… It is reported that… It is estimated that….. Vijayabheri Malappuram District Panchayat Page 47  In the words of one of the survivors, “…………………………………………” “...................”, the CM‟s office said in a statement after the meeting. “It is very shocking and unfortunate……………..” The ministry instructed the district administrations to… Format of a good news report:  Headline  Byline  Key sentence containing 5w‟s  Important facts  Quotation(Narration/opinion of witnesses or survivors) Now , let‟s prepare a newspaper report from the given hints arranging the content of the report in the above format. Hints: 4 pm-Bhiwandi-20 km from Gurgaon-Boiler blast-Chemical Factory-nearby building collapse-Fire Brigade Sources-2 workers killed,20 injured-civil hospital-police investigation-manager missing Headline: Two killed,20 Injured in an Explosion Byline: Staff Reporter Key sentence (5 w‟s) Two workers were killed and 20 injured in Bhiwandi Industrial Complex,20 km from Gurgaon, when a boiler in a chemical factory exploded at around 4 pm last day.(who, what, when, where, how or why) Important facts: According to the Fire Brigade sources, the blast was so severe that it caused a nearby building to collapse. The seriously injured were rushed to civil hospital. The local police have started the investigation. The manager of the company is reported to be missing. Quotation(Narration/opinion of others):One of the witnesses said to the police,” I was just starting from Bhiwandi to my home when I heard a huge sound and when I ran to the spot, I couldn't go near, I couldn't see anything but only black fumes(smoke) everywhere and the cr ies of so many people. I immediately informed the fire and rescue team”. Vijayabheri Malappuram District Panchayat Page 48 Question. Prepare a newspaper report from the given hints: Two ship crew dead- 12 more cases confirmed-smallpox-ship Ranaganji-Liverpool to Kolkata- middle of Arabian sea--nearest port 8 days away-patients examined-evacuated-isolated-nursed- chief physician Cronin- assisted by serang Hasan- -incident kept secret-avoid panic-situation under control-Captain Hamble. Answer: Smallpox spreads in Ship Ranaganji: 2 dead Staff Reporter Colombo Two shipmen were dead last morning and 12 more have been diagnosed with smallpox which was spreading fast in the ship Ranaganji that was on its way to Kolkata from Liverpool.The ship is reported to have reached in the middle of the Arabian Sea. According to the official sources, the nearest port is 8 days away. Two deck lascars who showed the symptoms were brought before the chief physician Dr A J Cronin two days back.After they were examined and the disease confirmed, the patients were evacuated. With increasing cases, all the patients were isolated. They were given special care and attention by the serang Hasan who is of major help to the doctor. The condition of the two workers aggravated and they lost their life after fighting with the disease.The whole incident was kept a secret to avoid panic among the passengers. However, “There is no need for panic, the situation is under control and we are relieved that no fresh cases are reported”, said Captain Hamble to the media. Question for Practice A news reporter made the following notes. Using the notes, prepare a report. Cyclone-coastal state-Orissa-high waves-20 feet high-wind speed 80 km/hr-houses destroyed-heavy loss- state cut off-uprooted trees-traffic block-relief work progressing Vijayabheri Malappuram District Panchayat Page 49 14. Seminar Report ABC school conducted a seminar on the topic …………on ………at ………..in the …….. The programme began with prayer by the School Choir. ……….gave the welcome note. ……….. chaired the programme and gave the presidential address. The seminar was inaugurated by ……………….. ……… delivered the keynote address. Felicitation was offered by …………….. Papers were presented on various topics. It was followed by a discussion/open forum. Vote of thanks was proposed by…………. The programme came to an end at 1 pm. The presence of the eminent personalities enriched the programme. Question. 1) The Health Club of your school conducts a seminar on “The Importance of Sleep.” You are asked to present a report of the seminar in the next assembly. Prepare the report. Answer: Seminar Conducted ABC school conducted a seminar on the topic “ The Importance of Sleep ” on 25th May at 10 AM in the school auditorium As we all know, sleep is essential for a healthy life. The programme began with prayer by the school choir. The school leader gave the welcome note. The Principal chaired the programme and gave the presidential address. The seminar was inaugurated by Dr. Velayudhan and he delivered the keynote address. Papers were presented on various topics. It was followed by a discussion. Vote of thanks was proposed by the secretary of the Health Club. The programme came to an end at 1 PM. The presence of the eminent personalities enriched the occasion. Vijayabheri Malappuram District Panchayat Page 50 15. Precis Writing Points to remember: Précis writing is the art of reconstruction of the sentences in a text without changing its central theme. You need write the essence of the passage in your own words. Keep in mind the following while writing précis:  Don't copy sentences from the original passage  Be brief and precise.  Understand the main idea conveyed through the passage.  Write in your own way.  Use simple language.  Find a suitable title.  Maintain the proportion(1/3) Question : Write a precis of the following passage. Give a suitable title. Perhaps one of the questions that we have asked ourselves is what drives a person to become an actor. Well, it could simply be the desire to stand out. Especially those who want to be in the limelight and the stage take to acting. Being on stage for the first time may be scary but it is exciting. Once a person has experienced this, they most often want more. A good actor is the one who will do anything to make the audience laugh, cry, giggle, angry, happy etc. Their love for acting makes them who they are and they do not even have to try. Those who love acting become characters in a performance. Becoming a character is tough, except for those with excellent imaginations. In a theatre, imagineers are characters in actor's shoes. They have a high concentration that is not easy to break. In fact good actors imagine themselves to be their character a week or so before a play. Vijayabheri Malappuram District Panchayat Page 51 Answer: The desire to stand out takes one to acting. A good actor will go to any extent to entertain his audience. Experience makes them master entertainers. Those who are so passionate and committed to acting live the life of their characters long before the actual performance. These people have excellent imagination Question for Practice. Write a precis of the following passage. Give a suitable title. The list of creatures that have vanished altogether and others that have almost vanished is long. As man spread across the earth he has wrought the most terrible havoc among the wild life, by shooting, trapping, cutting and burning the forest and by the callous and stupid introduction of enemies where there were no enemies before. All over the world the wild fauna has been whittled down steadily and remorselessly and many lovely and interesting animals have been so reduced in numbers that without protection and help they can never re-establish themselves and their numbers will dwindle until they can join the Dodo, Quagga and the great ask on the long list of extinct animals. Blog 16. Writing Common Expressions: I would like to share my thoughts/reading experience here. I read the lesson/Poem. I watched the film ….. It has a good theme. It is thought provoking. It impressed me/ It shocked me. I have no words to express my feelings. This is a must watch/read. Vijayabheri Malappuram District Panchayat Page 52 Question. You are much impressed by the poemThe Wreck of the Titanic by Benjamin Peck Keith. You would like to share your reading experience with others through a blog. Prepare the blog entry. Answer: The Wreck of the Titanic. September 14, 2021/ Sayan I read the poem The Wreck of the Titanic by Benjamin Peck Keith. It impressed me. Here I would like to share my reading experience. It has a good theme. We are impressed by brave words and deeds of Captain Smith and his team. They saved many lives risking their own. The poem really celebrates the bravery of Captain Smith.The poet glorifies the courage and honesty of the crew of the Titanic. It is true that eternal heroes are born out of tragedies and disasters. This is a must read. Section VI Grammar In this section some important grammar areas that are relevant in the discussion of First Year Question Paper are given: 1. Editing. 2. Reported Speech. 3. Passivisation. 4. If Clauses/Conditionals 5. Cohesive Devises Vijayabheri Malappuram District Panchayat Page 53 1) Editing Correct the following sentences and try to understand the grammar point behind it. 1.Roshan get up at 5‟ in the morning every day. 2. English is speak all over the world. 3. Last year I have gone to a village to inaugurate a programme. 4. Shyam is one of the brilliant student in the school. 5.Every one in the class have taken the vaccine. 6.Ronaldo told that they will win the match. 7.There are several possibility. 8. The university offer different courses. 9. He did suicide. 10. I don‟t know where has he gone. 11. If you had reached before10 minutes you got the Maveli Express. 12. He don‟t know much about it. 13. He was born in 2nd Otober on Porbandar at Gujarat. 14. Some of the luggage were spoilt in the rain. Answer: 1.Roshan gets up at 5‟ in the morning every day. (Grammar point: Subject „Roshan‟ is singular which takes „s‟ form ,thus „get‟ becomes „gets.‟ Moreover, routine activity is told in simple present tense. In the case of personal pronouns „I‟ ,You ,They ,We‟ we use base form in the present tense. ‟He, She and It‟ go with „base+s‟) 2. English is spoken all over the world. ( Passive construction takes v3 form. The sentence is in singular present tense. So „speak‟ becomes „ is spoken‟ ) 3. Last year I went to a village to inaugurate a programme. Vijayabheri Malappuram District Panchayat Page 54 (When we refer to a past event happened at a particular point of time ,simple past tense is used) 4. Shyam is one of the brilliant students in the school. (One of the +…..Plural of the noun+ singular verb) 5. Everyone in the class has taken the vaccine. (Subject „everyone‟ agrees with the singular verb) 6.Ronaldo told that they would win the match. ( It is in the reported speech :.So „would‟ should be used instead of „will‟) 7. There are several possibilities. (The sentence begins with the plural „there are‟. So „possibilities‟ should be used) 8. The university offers different courses. (The subject is singular. So „s‟ should be suffixed with the base form „offer‟) 9. He committed suicide. ( Case of collocation. „committed suicide‟ is a standard collocation in English) 10. I don‟t know where he has gone. (It is a declarative sentence. „Has he gone‟ is pattern of a question. So „he has gone‟ is right) 11. If you had reached 10 minutes earlier, you would have got the Maveli Express. (Third type of „If clause. Here the pattern is : I+ past….would/should/could/might +have +past participle) 12. He doesn‟t know much about it. Vijayabheri Malappuram District Panchayat Page 55 (With the pronoun „he‟ doesn‟t is used in the present tense. Read the grammar point of the first sentence) 13.He was born on 2nd October at Porbandar in Gujarat ( prepositional errors: „On‟ with date and day, In with large place, at with small place ) 14. Some of the luggage was spoilt in the rain. ( „luggage ‟ is collective.Though plural in meaning they are singular in form. The ‟class collectives‟ like , „traffic, equipment‟ are followed by singular verbs.)  Don‟t forget to go through the pages 48 and 49 of your course book. Some grammar tips are given there in detail. 2. Reported Speech Read the conversation between Lionel Messie and Neymer: We will win the match We will defeat you by Neymer: a larger margin. My Messie team is fit. But luck always favours Brazil. Neymer: Imagine you are a reporter and you would like to report the conversation. How can you do it? Answer: Neymer told Messie that they would win the match. Messie replied that they would defeat Brazil by a larger margin. He also added that his team was fit. Neymer opined that luck always favoured Brazil. Vijayabheri Malappuram District Panchayat Page 56 Now you try to report a conversation between Maggie and Gupta Maggie: Excuse me , are you a vegetarian? Gupta : Why do you ask that? Maggie: I have heard that most Indians are vegetarians. Answer Maggie politely asked Gupta whether he was a vegetarian. Gupta asked her why she asked that question. Maggie replied that she had heard that most Indians were vegetarians. Here you have noticed some changes when a conversation is changed into reported speech. Let‟s learn something general about Direct speech and Reported speech. There are two ways of reporting the words of a speaker: 1. Direct Speech 2. Reported Speech Neymer said, “ We will win the match” Messie replied, “We will defeat you by a larger margin” Here we report the exact words of the speaker using comma ( ,) and quotation mark( “…….”). Often a reporter finds this type of reporting difficult when the words of a speaker are long and pointless. Moreover, it may be monotonous to the readers or listeners. Here the reporter doesn‟t have freedom to change the words of the speaker. In the case of Reported speech or Indirect Speech, we report the words of the speaker without quoting his exact words. Neymer told that they would win the match. Messie replied that his team would defeat Brazil by a larger margin. You might have noted some changes when Direct Speech is turned into Reported speech:  The essence of the words of the speaker is conveyed to the readers or listeners without quoting his exact words.  The comma after „said‟ and the quotation marks are removed. Vijayabheri Malappuram District Panchayat Page 57   corresponding past tenses.  Sentences are written in declarative sentences.  Pronouns and Possessive adjectives of the first and second persons in the direct speech(„we & you‟ in the examples given above) are changed into the third person in the Indirect( „We‟ becomes „they‟ „You‟ becomes „them‟ in the example)  If the person addressed reports the speech himself, then the second person is changed into the first. Example: If Messie reports the words of Neymer to others, reported speech should be as: Neymer told me that they would win the match. I replied to him that we would defeat them by a larger Margin. Question: 1. Read the conversation between Maggie and Gupta and write it in reported speech. Maggie: Please buy flowers with the shilling when you go, and lay them on my brother‟s grave for me. Gupta: Maggie, I shall use this shilling to buy flowers and put them on your brother‟s grave Answer: Maggie requested Gupta to buy flowers with that shilling when he went and to lay them on the grave of her brother for her. Gupta replied that he would use that shilling to buy flowers and would put them on her brother‟s grave. Question.2 Read the conversation between Hasan and the doctor Hasan: Are you careful of yourself , Doctor Sahib? Doctor: Indeed I am.Besides this is my work. Hasan: Do not worry , Doctor Sahib. I am strong.And it is my work too Imagine the doctor reported this to one of his friends after reaching Ranaganji in Calcutta. How would he report the conversation? You may begin as: Vijayabheri Malappuram District Panchayat Page 58  „I met a great serang named Hasan. He asked me whether……… Answer: I met a great serang named Hasan.He asked me whether I was careful of myself. I replied to him that I was careful as it was my work. Hasan consoled me saying that he was strong and added that it was his work too. Question for practice: Question. Complete the sentences to know how Gupta would report his conversation with Maggie Gupta asked, “What is it, Maggie?” Maggie replied, “come into the sitting room and I will tell you.” I asked Maggie…………….. Maggie replied ……………  Don‟t forget to go through the pages 65&66(activity IX) of the text book 3. Passivisation Read the two short passages: You should wash your hands with soaps and use sanitisers. You should wear mask properly. You should keep social distance.The Police will punish you if you violate the Covid protocol. Hands should be washed with soaps and sanitisers should be used, masks should be used properly. Social distance should be kept. You will be punished if you violate the Covid protocol. What kind of difference have you noticed? Both these passages have the same meaning but the sentence pattern is different. In the first, Vijayabheri Malappuram District Panchayat Page 59   In the first passage doer of the action is given in the beginning itself and so it is highlighted. It is said to be in the Active Voice as the doer is active.  In the second passage the doer or subject „you‟ is not highlighted and remains passive. So it is called in the Passive Voice. The action of the doer is highlighted here.  In the second passage, as the word „you‟, the doer, repeats in all other sentences the passage seems to be monotonous.  Often sentences in passive construction standardize your language.  We use only V3 in passive voice Please observe the picture and note the use of active voice and passive voice in different tenses: Active Passive The monkeys eat banana. Banana is eaten by the monkeys. The monkeys eat bananas. Bananas are eaten by the monkeys. The monkeys are eating banana. Banana is being eaten by monkeys. The monkeys ate banana. Banana was eaten by monkeys. The monkeys were eating banana. Banana was being eaten by the monkeys. The monkeys were eating bananas. Bananas were being eaten by the monkeys. Vijayabheri Malappuram District Panchayat Page 60 The monkeys will eat bananas tomorrow. Banana will be eaten by the monkeys tomorrow. The Monkeys eat bananas every day. Bananas are eaten by monkeys every day. The Monkeys have eaten bananas. Bananas have been eaten by monkeys. The monkey had eaten bananas Bananas had been eaten by monkeys. Now you read the active voice and passive voice of some textual sentences. Active Passive Then a monstrous terror seized him. He was seized by a monstrous terror. Due to the limited availability of time ,I selected Due to the limited availability of time, twelve students were selected at random. twe