PLC Programmable Logic Controller PDF

PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER (PLC) PRESENTED BY Dr. Kathleen E. Padrigalan  Electronic Logic Programmable Logic Manual Control Pneumatic Control Hard wired Logic Control...

PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER (PLC) PRESENTED BY Dr. Kathleen E. Padrigalan  Electronic Logic Programmable Logic Manual Control Pneumatic Control Hard wired Logic Control Gates Control Controller  Manual Control All the actions related to the process control are taken by the operator. The production, Safety, Energy consumption and usage of raw material are all subject to the correctness and accuracy of human action. Pneumatic Control All the actions were controlled by a simple manipulation of pneumatic valves, which in turn were controlled by relays and switches. Industrial automation, with its machine and process control, had its origin in the 1920s with the advent of pneumatic controllers Hardwire Logic Control The contactors and relays together with hardware timers and counters were used in achieving the desired level of automation.  Electronic Logic Gates Control In 1960s with the advent of electronics, the logic gates started replacing the relays and auxiliary contactors in the control circuit. The hardware timers & counters were replaced by electronic timers  Programmable Logic Controller In 1970s with the coming of microprocessors and associated peripheral chips, the whole process of control and automation underwent a radical change. Instead of achieving the desired control or automation through physical wiring of control devices, in PLC it is achieved through a program using software. FIELD INSTRUMENTS CONTROL HARDWARE CONTROL SOFTWARE ❑ SENSORS ❑ PID CONTROLLER ❑ TIA Portal (Siemens) ❑ ACTUATORS ❑ PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) ❑ Simatic Manager (Siemens) ❑ DCS or SCADA (Distributed Control System) ❑ RS LOGIX (Allen Bradley) ❑ MODSOFT (Modicon) ❑ SYSWIN (Omron)  FIELD INSTRUMENTS o Sensors: Automatic Switches, Temperature, Pressure, Level, Flow Transmitters and etc o Actuators: Motors, Valves, Solenoids, Lamps or audible devices. o Sensor is a device that detects and reacts to some type of physical influence (heat, light, pressure, motion, moisture or any other environment phenomena) and generates a corresponding signal. Two Basic Signal Categories 1. Discrete Signal (0 and 24V) , 0 = Off , 24V = On 2. Analog Signal (0-10V or 4-20mA) o Basic Type of sensor 1. Proximity Sensor 3. Temperature Sensor 1A. Inductive Sensor 4. Pressure Sensor 1B. Capacitive Sensor 2. Photoelectric Sensor 5. Level Sensor 2A. Reflex Sensor 6. Ultrasonic Sensor 2B. Diffuse Sensor 2C. Trough Beam 7. Flow sensor o Proximity Sensor a sensor able to detect of nearby objects without any physical contact. o Proximity Sensor 1A. Inductive Proximity Sensor An electronic device that can detects or reacts to any type of metallic objects without physical contacts. o Proximity Sensor Two Types of Proximity Sensor o Shielded o Non-Shielded o Parts of the Proximity Sensor Indicator Light Sensor’s Body Sensor Face Power cable Sensing Range APPLICATION o Can Presence/Counting Detection APPLICATION o Proximity Sensor 1B. Capacitive Proximity Sensor An electronic device that can detects to any type solid, liquid, metals or nonmetals targets without any physical contacts. o Able to Detects the following material: o Able to Detects the following material: o Parts of the Capacitive Proximity Sensor Indicator Light Sensor’s Body Sensor Face Power cable Sensing Range Pre-Wired Plugged-in o 2. Photoelectric Sensor A device that detects or reacts to object with infrared lights(IR) o 2A. Reflex Sensor - emit light and receive the light back after returning from a reflector. Cutting this reflective beam provides a change in output. Retro-Reflective Transmitter Receiver o 2A. Reflex Sensor - emit light and receive the light back after returning from a reflector. Cutting this reflective beam provides a change in output. Retro-Reflective Transmitter Receiver Object o 2A. Reflex Sensor Application o 2B. Diffuse Sensor Emit and receive light over a pre-set distance, allowing the detection of a product that falls within this range. Diffuse Transmitter Object Receiver o 2B. Diffuse Sensor Emit and receive light over a pre-set distance, allowing the detection of a product that falls within this range. Diffuse Transmitter Receiver Object o 2B. Diffuse Sensor Application o 2C. Through-beam sensor Emit light from a sender, which is evaluated by the receiver. Cutting this beam provides a change in output. Retro-Reflective Transmitter Receiver Object o 2C. Through-beam sensor Emit light from a sender, which is evaluated by the receiver. Cutting this beam provides a change in output. Retro-Reflective Transmitter Receiver Object o 2C. Through-beam sensor Application  Sensor Cable M12 Connector Brown +24VSupply White Blue Inverted 0V Supply Black Signal Signal  PLC Input Module Signal +24v Supply +24 V 0V  Signal +24v Supply +24 V 0V 0V PLC Input Module o 3. Temperature Sensor A device that reacts to heat and gives temperature measurement as an electrical signal. o 4. Pressure Sensor A device that reacts to pressure and provide pressure measurement as an electrical signal. o 5. Level Sensor A device for determining the level or amount of fluids, liquids, granular materials substance and other that flow in an open or closed system. o 6. Ultrasonic Sensor A device that detects object by bouncing HF sound waves off the object. It measure the distance to the target by measuring the time between the emission and reception. o 7. Flow Sensor A device that is designed to measure the flow rate of a gas such as air or a liquid through a pipe or conduit. o Actuators  Hardware devices that convert a controller command signal into a change in a physical parameter. Its is operated by a source of energy, typically electric current , hydraulic fluid pressure or pneumatic pressure. The change is usually mechanical (e.g., position or velocity) o Types of Actuators 1. Electrical Actuators > Electric Motors *DC Servomotors *AC motor *Stepper motors > Solenoid 2. Hydraulic Actuators 3. Pneumatic Actuators 1. Electrical Actuators Electric current or voltage is the main source signal. Electric Motors *DC Servomotors – any class of rotary electrical machines that convert direct current to mechanical motion. *AC motor – an electric motor driven by an alternating current. *Stepper motors – a DC electric motor that divides a full rotation into a number of equal steps. Stepper Motor DC Servomotor DC Servomotors AC Motor  Solenoid is a type of electromechanical device made up of a coil which produces a magnetic field when electric current is passed through it. Application: Solenoid valve – an electromechanically operated flow regulation device used to shutoff, release, dose, distribute or mix liquid or gas. ❖ Solenoid Relay A relay is an electrically operated switch. It use an electromagnet to mechanically operate a switch. 2. Hydraulic Actuator A cylinder or fluid motor that converts hydraulic power into useful mechanical work. It used a pressurized fluids to execute a mechanical task 3. Pneumatic Actuator It uses a compress air to execute a mechanical task Thank you for Listening