Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) Overview
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of proximity sensor?

  • Thermal (correct)
  • Inductive
  • Optical
  • Capacitive

    • What is the main difference between a shielded and a non-shielded proximity sensor?

  • Non-shielded sensors are more expensive than shielded sensors.
  • Shielded sensors can detect objects regardless of their material, while non-shielded sensors can only detect metals.
  • Shielded sensors are more resistant to interference from external factors, such as magnetic fields. (correct)
  • Non-shielded sensors have a longer detection range than shielded sensors.

    • What type of signal does a sensor typically generate?

  • Discrete or analog (correct)
  • Ultrasonic waves
  • Radio waves
  • Mechanical signals

    • Which of the following is an example of a field instrument?

    <p>Temperature sensor (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of control hardware used in automation systems?

    <p>TIA Portal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of a control software?

    <p>To monitor and manage the process (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is a control software used by Allen Bradley?

    <p>RS LOGIX (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of an actuator in an automation system?

    <p>To convert a control signal into a physical action (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key advantage of using a capacitive proximity sensor?

    <p>It can detect both metal and non-metal objects (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of a PID controller in an automation system?

    <p>To calculate and adjust the control output based on the error signal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which control method primarily relies on human operators for process control?

    <p>Manual Control (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which control method utilizes pneumatic valves and relays as the primary means of control?

    <p>Pneumatic Control (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What control method utilizes contactors, relays, timers, and counters to achieve automation?

    <p>Hardwire Logic Control (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which control method utilizes logic gates, replacing relays and contactors in control circuits?

    <p>Electronic Logic Gates Control (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which control method represents a significant shift in automation, using software programming instead of physical wiring?

    <p>Programmable Logic Controller (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technological advancement marked the beginning of pneumatic controllers and industrial automation?

    <p>The use of contactors and relays (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The rise of electronic logic gates in the 1960s led to the replacement of which components?

    <p>Relays and Contactors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component replaced hardware timers and counters in control circuits with the advent of electronics?

    <p>Electronic Timers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The development of programmable logic controllers (PLCs) was primarily driven by which technological advancement?

    <p>The advent of microprocessors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    PLC programming enables the control and automation of processes through which means?

    <p>Software programming (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of sensor is best suited for measuring the amount of liquid in a tank?

    <p>Level Sensor (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a solenoid?

    <p>To convert electrical energy into mechanical motion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of actuator is driven by hydraulic fluid pressure?

    <p>Hydraulic Actuator (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of motor is commonly used in applications that require precise and controlled movements, such as robotics?

    <p>Stepper motor (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of sensor can be used to measure the speed of air flowing through a ventilation duct?

    <p>Flow Sensor (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of actuator is commonly used in automated systems to open and close valves?

    <p>Solenoid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of a through-beam sensor in an industrial automation application?

    <p>To detect the presence or absence of an object (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of sensor is used to measure the distance to a target by bouncing sound waves off it?

    <p>Ultrasonic Sensor (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of electrical actuator?

    <p>Hydraulic Actuator (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between a DC servomotor and an AC motor?

    <p>AC motors operate on alternating current, while DC servomotors operate on direct current. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Sensor Face in a Capacitive Proximity Sensor?

    <p>To detect the presence of an object. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between a Reflex Sensor and a Diffuse Sensor?

    <p>A Reflex Sensor requires a reflector, while a Diffuse Sensor does not. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of photoelectric sensor is best suited for detecting a transparent object?

    <p>Through-beam Sensor (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of a Capacitive Proximity Sensor?

    <p>Reflector (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of photoelectric sensor is most likely used to detect a small, moving object on a conveyor belt?

    <p>Diffuse Sensor (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is a Retro-Reflective sensor called Retro-Reflective?

    <p>Because it uses a reflector to return the light back to the sensor. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Sensing Range of a Capacitive Proximity Sensor?

    <p>To determine the maximum distance the sensor can detect an object. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of photoelectric sensor is typically used to detect the presence of a large, stationary object?

    <p>Reflex Sensor (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between a Through-beam sensor and a Reflex sensor?

    <p>The Through-beam sensor uses two separate components, while the Reflex sensor uses a single component. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Transmitter in a Photoelectric sensor?

    <p>To emit light towards the object. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)

    • PLC is a digital computer used for automation of electromechanical processes
    • PLCs use programs to control machinery
    • Replaced relay and auxiliary contactors in control systems
    • PLCs use software instead of physical wiring
    • The advent of microprocessors and peripheral chips in the 1970s brought major changes to control and automation

    Types of Control

    • Manual Control: All process control actions are performed by an operator
    • Pneumatic Control: Uses valves controlled by relays and switches. Originated in the 1920s
    • Hardwired Logic Control: Uses contactors and relays with timers and counters for automation
    • Electronic Logic Gates Control: Uses logic gates to replace relays in control systems (1960s)
    • Programmable Logic Controller (PLC): Uses software to control machinery with microprocessors

    Field Instruments

    • Sensors: Detect and react to physical influences (e.g., heat, light, pressure) and produce corresponding signals
      • Types: Proximity, inductive, capacitive, photoelectric, reflex, diffuse, trough beam, temperature, pressure, level, ultrasonic, flow
    • Actuators: Hardware devices converting controller signals to physical changes
      • Types: electrical motors (DC and AC servomotors, stepper motors), solenoids, hydraulic actuators, pneumatic actuators

    Proximity Sensors

    • Detects nearby objects without physical contact
    • Inductive Proximity Sensors: Detect metallic objects
    • Capacitive Proximity Sensors: Detect various solid, liquid, metal, or non-metal targets without physical contact.

    Types of Proximity Sensors

    • Shielded: Protects the sensor from external interference.
    • Non-shielded: Less expensive but less protected

    Sensor Components

    • Indicator light, sensor body, sensor face, power cable, sensing range

    Sensor Applications

    • Can presence/counting detection, security metal detectors

    Capacitive Proximity Sensor Components

    • Indicator light, sensor body, sensor face, power cable, sensing range

    Sensor Wiring

    • Pre-wired and plugged-in types

    Photoelectric Sensors

    • Detect objects using infrared light
    • Types: Reflex and diffuse

    Reflex Sensor

    • Emits and receives light back from reflectors
    • Measures object presence by cutting the reflective beam

    Diffuse Sensor

    • Emits and receives light over a set distance to detect targets within that area
    • Detects product in a pre-set range

    Through-beam Sensor

    • Emits light from a sender and evaluates whether the beam is obstructed by receiver
    • Measures distance or object presence

    Temperature Sensors

    • Measure temperature and output the signal (e.g., electrical)

    Pressure Sensors

    • Measures pressure and provide electrical output

    Level Sensors

    • Measures fluid or granular materials' level

    Ultrasonic Sensors

    • Measure distance using high-frequency sound waves

    Flow Sensors

    • Measure the rate of a liquid or gas through a pipe or conduit

    Actuators

    • Convert controller signals into physical changes in machinery. Use different energy sources. (e.g., electric current, hydraulic fluid pressure, pneumatic pressure).

    Types of Actuators

    1. Electrical Actuators
      • Electric Motors
        • DC Servomotors
        • AC motor
        • Stepper motor
      • Solenoids
    2. Hydraulic Actuators
    3. Pneumatic Actuators

    Solenoid Relays

    • Electrically operated switch using electromagnets mechanically activating a switch.

    Detailed Actuator Information

    • Solenoid*
      • Electromechanical device using a coil to produce magnetic fields when current passes
    • Electric Actuators*
      • Electric current or voltage powers these, which includes DC/AC servomotors, stepper motors, etc., to produce mechanical movement.
    • Hydraulic Actuators*
      • Pressurized fluids power these.
    • Pneumatic Actuators*
      • Compressed air runs these.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the fundamentals of Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs), including their functions, the types of control systems, and the evolution of automation technology. Explore how PLCs utilize software for controlling machinery and replacing traditional systems with digital solutions.

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