plant breeding and genetics summary.docx

### **Plant Breeding and Genetics Summary** 1. **Plant Breeding**: Manipulation for desired traits via genetic engineering or artificial selection. 2. **Genetic Engineering**: Alters genes in plants/animals for benefits; results in GMOs. 3. **Natural Selection**: Survival and reproduct...

### **Plant Breeding and Genetics Summary** 1. **Plant Breeding**: Manipulation for desired traits via genetic engineering or artificial selection. 2. **Genetic Engineering**: Alters genes in plants/animals for benefits; results in GMOs. 3. **Natural Selection**: Survival and reproduction of well-adapted organisms. 4. **Progeny Testing**: Compares offspring traits for desired characteristics. 5. **Performance Testing**: Evaluates plant varieties under identical conditions. 6. **Genotyping**: Identifies genetic differences in organisms. 7. **Genomic Selection**: Studies genome structure and function for trait prediction. 8. **Agricultural Biotechnology**: Improves crops via DNA editing and selective breeding. 9. **GMO Advantages**: Includes disease, pest, drought, and herbicide resistance; increased yields. 10. **Gene Editing (CRISPR/Cas9)**: Modifies DNA without cross-species gene insertion. 11. **Micropropagation**: Produces disease-free plants in a sterile medium. 12. **Ethical Issues**: Include biodiversity, chemical use, and technology understanding. 13. **Economic Benefits**: Increased yield to meet food demand. 14. **Selection Criteria for Crops**: Includes disease and pest resistance, yield, drought resistance, and palatability. 15. **Ethical Considerations**: Balance between increased production and biodiversity conservation. 16. **DNA Components**: Adenine (A), Guanine (G), Thymine (T), and Cytosine (C). 17. **GMO Concerns**: Ethical issues and potential herbicide resistance in weeds. 18. **CRISPR Process**: Identifies and edits target genes using RNA and Cas9 enzyme. 19. **Transgenic vs. Cisgenic**: Transgenic uses DNA from different species; cisgenic uses DNA from the same or closely related species.