Physiology Body Fluids 1.pptx.pdf

Physiology Body Fluids Lab 1 Body Fluids Total amount of fluid in the human body is approximately Body Fluid Compartments Composition of body fluids Organic substances Inorganic substances Glucose Sodium Amino acids Potassium...

Physiology Body Fluids Lab 1 Body Fluids Total amount of fluid in the human body is approximately Body Fluid Compartments Composition of body fluids Organic substances Inorganic substances Glucose Sodium Amino acids Potassium Fatty acids Calcium Hormones Magnesium Enzymes Chloride Phophate Sulphate Extracellular fluid Interstitial fluid Present between the cells Approximately 80% of ECF Plasma Present in blood Approximately 20% of ECF Also includes Lymph synovial fluid cerebrospinal fluid A) Extracellular fluids: 1) Interstitial Fluid: also known as intercellular fluid and tissue fluid is fluid between the cells of multi-cellular organisms which delivers materials to the cells, intercellular communication, and removal of metabolic waste. - it represents the largest portion of the ECF compartment. - Interstitial fluid consists of a water solvent containing amino acids, sugars, fatty acids, coenzymes, hormones, neurotransmitters, salts, as well as waste products from the cells. Barriers separate ICF, interstitial fluid and plasma Plasma membrane Separates ICF from surrounding interstitial fluid Blood vessel wall Separate interstitial fluid from plasma 2)Blood plasma: -It is the fluid portion of the blood. - The blood transports oxygen from the lungs to the body cells and carbon dioxide from the body cells to the lungs. - Blood also transports nutrients derived from food in the intestine to the body cells., other nutrients between organs 3) Lymph Clear and colorless fluid 96% water and 4% solids Solids – ◦ Proteins 2-6% of solids albumin, globulin, fibrinogen, prothrombin, clotting factors, antibodies, enzymes ◦ Lipids 5-15% Chylomicrons Lipoproteins ◦ Carbohydrates Glucose mainly ◦ NPN (Non protein Nitrogen) Urea and creatinine ◦ Electrolytes Sodium, calcium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonates  B)Intracellular Fluid The cytosol or intracellular fluid is the liquid found inside the cells. Physiological Function : The cytosol has no single function and instead it is the site of multiple cell processes including metabolic processes (such as glycolysis, gluconeogenesis , PPP). It is also involved in signal transduction from the cell membrane to sites within the cell. The body fluid composition of tissue varies by Tissue type: lean tissues have higher fluid content than fat tissues. Gender: males have more lean tissue and therefore more body fluid. Age: lean tissue is lost with age and body fluid is lost with it. Electrolytes of the body fluids: Electrolytes are salts and minerals that can conduct electrical impulses in the body. - Common human electrolytes are sodium, chloride, potassium, calcium, and bicarbonate. - Electrolytes in body fluids are charged , It can be: Cation - positively charged electrolyte, e.g.Na+, k+,Ca+2 Anion - negatively charged electrolyte, e.g, Cl- , HCO3- po4-3 The chief extracellular cation is Na+ The chief intracellular cations are k+ -Cl- is the predominant anion outside cells whereas phosphates constitute the bulk of intracellular anions. Movement of body fluids: Membrane transport processes: 1) passive transport it is the movement of substances across a membrane from higher to lower concentration (down a concentration gradient) - it does not require metabolic energy. Passive transport simple diffusion facilitated diffusion 1) passive transport: a) simple diffusion: It is the movement of substances from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration. Generally, simple diffusion of water, gases, and other small uncharged molecules across plasma membranes can occur in the absence of transport proteins. b) Facilitated diffusion: It is a transport of substances across a biological membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration by a carrier proteins. 2) Active transport: It is the movement of substances across a membrane against gradient (from low concentration to high concentration). -Active transport requires energy and involves specific carrier proteins.