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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of interstitial fluid?
Which component represents the smallest portion of the extracellular fluid?
Which of the following substances is NOT typically found in interstitial fluid?
Which fluid is primarily responsible for transporting oxygen and nutrients in the body?
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What is the main characteristic of lymph fluid?
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What distinguishes intracellular fluid from extracellular fluid?
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Which of the following accurately describes the role of blood plasma?
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Which of the following components is found in lymph fluid?
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Which of the following describes the primary function of the cytosol?
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What is the predominant anion found outside cells?
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Which of the following correctly describes facilitated diffusion?
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What characterizes active transport compared to passive transport?
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Which of the following factors does NOT influence body fluid composition?
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What type of transport process is used for the movement of glucose across the plasma membrane in the presence of insulin?
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What is the primary role of electrolytes in body fluids?
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Which one of the following is NOT a common human electrolyte?
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Study Notes
Body Fluid Compartments
- Total body fluid is approximately 60% of body weight.
- Body fluids are divided into intracellular fluid (ICF) and extracellular fluid (ECF).
- ICF is found inside cells, while ECF is found outside of cells.
Extracellular Fluid
- ECF is further divided into interstitial fluid and plasma.
- Interstitial fluid accounts for roughly 80% of ECF and surrounds cells.
- Plasma accounts for around 20% of ECF and is the fluid portion of blood.
- Other ECF compartments include lymph, synovial fluid, and cerebrospinal fluid.
Composition of Body Fluids
- Both ICF and ECF contain organic substances like glucose, amino acids, fatty acids, hormones, and enzymes.
- Inorganic substances in body fluids include sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, phosphate, and sulfate.
Interstitial Fluid
- Interstitutes cells, providing nutrients and removing waste products.
- Largest compartment of the ECF.
- Contains water, amino acids, sugars, fatty acids, coenzymes, hormones, neurotransmitters, salts, and cellular waste.
Plasma
- Fluid component of blood.
- Essential for transporting oxygen from lungs to cells, carbon dioxide from cells to lungs.
- Distributes nutrients from the intestines to cells, and between organs.
Lymph
- Clear and colorless fluid.
- Composed of 96% water and 4% solids.
- Solids mainly include proteins (albumin, globulin, etc.), lipids (chylomicrons, lipoproteins), carbohydrates (glucose), non-protein nitrogen (urea, creatinine), and electrolytes (sodium, calcium, etc.).
Intracellular Fluid
- Also known as cytosol.
- Found inside cells.
- Plays a significant role in metabolic processes like glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and the pentose phosphate pathway.
- Facilitates signal transduction within the cell.
Body Fluid Composition Variation
- Tissue type influences fluid content, with lean tissues having higher fluid content than fat tissues.
- Males generally have more lean tissue and thus higher body fluid content than females.
- Age can impact body fluid content as lean tissue is lost with age.
Electrolytes in Body Fluids
- Electrolytes, including sodium, chloride, potassium, calcium, and bicarbonate, are essential for conducting electrical impulses.
- Electrolytes are charged particles:
- Cations: Positively charged, examples include Na+, K+, Ca2+.
- Anions: Negatively charged, examples include Cl-, HCO3-, PO43-.
- Na+ is the primary extracellular cation.
- K+ is the main intracellular cation.
- Cl- is the predominant extracellular anion.
- Phosphates are the primary intracellular anions.
Movement of Body Fluids
- Membrane transport processes facilitate the movement of substances across cell membranes.
- Two main categories of membrane transport:
- Passive transport: Movement down the concentration gradient, does not require energy.
- Active transport: Movement against the concentration gradient, requires energy.
Passive Transport
- Simple diffusion: Movement of substances from high to low concentration, occurs without transport proteins.
- Facilitated diffusion: Movement of substances from high to low concentration, assisted by carrier proteins.
Active Transport
- Movement of substances from low to high concentration, requires energy.
- Involves specific carrier proteins.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the different compartments of body fluids, including intracellular and extracellular fluids. Explore the composition and specific components of interstitial fluid, plasma, and their roles in maintaining homeostasis. This quiz will help reinforce your understanding of essential concepts in physiology.
